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1.
春季融雪期0℃层高度与乌鲁木齐河径流量的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在收集乌鲁木齐河春季日平均流量和0℃层高度资料的基础上,应用统计方法分析了春季融雪期0℃层高度变化与乌鲁木齐河日平均流量的关系,得出乌鲁木齐河日平均流量与乌鲁木齐08:00时和20:00时的0℃层高度有较好的线性关系,但日流量的变化趋势滞后于0℃层高度变化;2003-2006年日平均流量序列与0℃层高度序列的相关系数均超过95%显著水平,仅2002年未达到显著水平。最后选出相关系数最高的序列进行回归分析,建立回归模型的系数,希望能为今后的融雪径流与融雪型洪水的预报提供参考。 相似文献
2.
Homogeneity analysis of the streamflow time series is essential to hydrological modeling, water resources management and climate change studies. In this study, five absolute homogeneity tests and one clustering approach were used to determine the homogeneity status of the streamflow time series(over the period 1960–2010) in 14 hydrometric stations of three important basins(i.e., Aras River Basin, Urmia Lake Basin and Sefid-Roud Basin) in northwestern Iran. Results of the Buishand range test, von Neumann ratio test, cumulative deviation test, standard normal homogeneity test and Pettitt test for monthly streamflow time series detected that about 42.26%, 38.09%, 33.33%, 39.28% and 68.45% of the streamflow time series were inhomogeneous at the 0.01 significance level, respectively. Streamflow time series of the stations located in the eastern parts of the study area or within the Urmia Lake Basin were mostly homogeneous. In contrast, streamflow time series in the stations of the Aras River Basin and Sefied-Roud Basin showed inhomogeneity at annual scales. Based on the overall classification for the monthly and annual streamflow series, we determined that about 45.60%, 11.53% and 42.85% of the time series were categorized into the 'useful', 'doubtful' and 'suspect' classes according to the five absolute homogeneity tests. We also found the homogeneity patterns of the streamflow time series by using the clustering approach. The results suggested the effectiveness of the clustering approach for homogeneity analysis of the streamflow time series in addition to the absolute homogeneity tests. Moreover, results of the absolute homogeneity tests and clustering approach indicated obvious decreasing change points of the streamflow time series in the 1990 s over the three basins, which were mostly related to the hydrological droughts. 相似文献
3.
The Chinese Loess Plateau is known as one of the most severe soil erosion regions in the world.Two ecological restoration projects,i.e.,the integrated soil conservation project since the 1970s and the'Grain for Green'project since 1999,have been progressively implemented to control the soil erosion in this area.Ecological restoration has greatly changed flow regime over the past five decades.However,the mechanism of how flow regime responds to ecological restoration among landforms remains poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the temporal dynamics of flow regime in three catchments,i.e.,Wuqi,Honghe and Huangling hydrological stations,respectively representing the loess hilly-gully,loess table-gully and rocky mountain(covered by secondary forest)areas in the Chinese Loess Plateau,using daily hydrological data during the 1960s–2010s.The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test,Pettitt's test and daily flow series were used to investigate the changes of flow regime.Significantly negative trends of annual streamflow were detected at the Wuqi and Honghe stations,except for the Huangling station.The annual baseflow at the Wuqi station showed a significantly positive trend whereas a significantly negative trend was observed at the Honghe station,and there was no significant trend at the Huangling station.It was interesting that baseflow index significantly increased during the whole period in all catchments.However,the trends and change points of daily flow series derived by different percentages of exceedance and extreme series in different consecutive days varied among individuals.Based on the change points analysis of annual streamflow,we divided data series into three periods,i.e.,the baseline period(from 1959 and 1963 to 1979,PI),the integrated soil conservation period(1980–1999,PII)and the'Grain for Green'period(2000–2011,PIII).We found that streamflow decreased due to the reduction of high streamflow(exceeding 5%of time within a year)and median streamflow(50%)in PII and PIII at the Wuqi and Honghe stations.However,low flow(95%)increased in PII and PIII at the Wuqi station while decreased at the Honghe station.Streamflow change at the Huangling station was more stable,thus potentially resulting in much less soil erosion in the forestry area than in the other areas.The great improvement in ecological environment on the Chinese Loess Plateau revealed the advantages of ecological restoration in reducing flood amount and compensating streamflow at a regional scale. 相似文献
4.
祁连山区气候变化与流域径流特征研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
用气候学、水文学及统计学方法,分析了国家级祁连山森林生态站长期定位监测数据,气温、降水对流域径流的影响关系,据此研究了该流域水热条件下流域径流,分析得出试验流域多年平均降水量为354.3mm,年平均气温为1.6℃,年平均出山径流为118.2mm,径流系数为0.33;随着季节温度的升高,径流量呈增加之势,反之亦然;随季节降水量的增加,径流量同时也呈增加的趋势。研究表明了温度、降水与流域出山径流量密切相关,为不同季节气候变化对流域径流的影响提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Impacts of temperature and precipitation on runoff in the Tarim River during the past 50 years 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The relationship between climate change and water resources in the Tarim River was analyzed by combining the temperature,precipitation and streamflow data from 1957 to 2007 from the four headstreams of the Tarim River (Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu rivers) in the study area.The long-term trend of the hydrological time series including temperature,precipitation and streamflow were studied using correlation analysis and partial correlations analysis.Holt double exponential smoothing was used to fit the trends between streamflow and the two climatic factors of Aksu River,Hotan River and Yarkant River.The streamflow of the main stream was forecasted by Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) modeling by the method of time series analysis.The results show that the temperature experienced a trend of monotonic rising.The precipitation and runoff of the four headstreams of the Tarim River increased,while the inflow to the headstreams increased and the inflow into the Tarim River decreased.Changes of temperature and precipitation had a significant impact on runoff into the four headstreams of the Tarim River: the precipitation had a positive impact on water flow in the Aksu River,Hotan River and Kaidu River,while the temperature had a positive impact on water flow in the Yarkant River.The results of Holt double exponential smoothing showed that the correlation between the independent variable and dependent variable was relatively close after the model was fitted to the headstreams,of which only the runoff and temperature values of Hotan River showed a significant negative correlation.The forecasts by the ARIMA model for 50 years of annual runoff at the Allar station followed the pattern of the measured data for the same years.The short-term forecasts beyond the observed series adequately captured the pattern in the data and showed a decreasing tendency in the Tarim River flow of 3.07% every ten years.The results showed that global warming accelerated the water recharge process of the headstreams.The special hydrological characteristics of the arid area determined the significant association between streamflow and the two climatic factors studied.Strong glacier retreat is likely to bring a series of flood disasters within the study area. 相似文献
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基于SWAT模型的内蒙古闪电河流域径流模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以内蒙古闪电河流域为研究对象,采用分布式水文模型SWAT对闪电河流域水文过程进行模拟,模型采用1962～1975年月径流资料进行参数率定,将1986-2001年作为模型的检验期对模型的适用性进行评估。结果表明:实测与模拟的逐月流量总体较为接近,率定期和验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数均大于0.60,实测与模拟的月流量之间的相关系数在0.65以上,率定期的多年平均相对误差小于5%。由于人类活动的影响,验证期的模拟误差相对较大,超过12%。总体来看,SWAT模型参数经多次率定之后,能够较好地模拟干旱半干旱地区的径流过程,在同类地区具有一定的适用性。模拟过程中,对于降水量突然增大的月份,SWAT模型对月径流量的模拟结果往往超过实测值一倍,直接导致整个模拟过程的误差偏大。然而,模拟值与降水量在年内分配上却表现出很好的相关性,降水偏大的月份径流量敏感性大。同时,SWAT模型模拟径流结果受参数影响很大,调整融雪参数值,模拟精度在原有基础上相对提高。 相似文献
8.
为减小径流时间序列的非线性及非平稳性带来的预测误差，提高多种预见期下的月径流预测精度，将变模态分解（VMD）和长短期记忆神经网络（LSTM）模型相结合，建立了VMD-LSTM组合预测模型，并将大气环流因子作为模型输入的增加项，预测未来1~3个月的月径流。将模型应用于黄河流域上游唐乃亥、民和、享堂、红旗及折桥站的月径流预测以验证模型的适用性，并与VMD-BP（BP神经网络）、VMD-SVR（支持向量回归）及单一LSTM模型相比较。结果表明：VMD-LSTM组合模型的预测误差最小、精度最高，相比单一LSTM模型，其纳什效率系数（NSE）约从0.6~0.7提高到0.9以上；融合大气环流因子后VMD-LSTM模型预测精度进一步提高，NSE保持在0.91~0.96之间；随着预见期的增长，VMD-LSTM模型预测精度衰减较VMD-BP和VMD-SVR模型明显变缓，在3个月预见期时NSE仍能保持在0.84~0.95之间。VMD-LSTM模型是月径流预测的一种有效方法，结果可为研究区月径流预测提供参考。 相似文献
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Farhad YAZDANDOOST 《干旱区科学》2021,13(9):891-904
Zarrineh River is located in the northwest of Iran, providing more than 40% of the total inflow into the Lake Urmia that is one of the largest saltwater lakes on the earth. Lake Urmia is a highly endangered ecosystem on the brink of desiccation. This paper studied the impacts of climate change on the streamflow of Zarrineh River. The streamflow was simulated and projected for the period 1992-2050 through seven CMIP5 (coupled model intercomparison project phase 5) data series (namely, BCC-CSM1-1, BNU-ESM, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, GFDL-ESM2G, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM and MIROC-ESM-CHEM) under RCP2.6 (RCP, representative concentration pathways) and RCP8.5. The model data series were statistically downscaled and bias corrected using an artificial neural network (ANN) technique and a Gamma based quantile mapping bias correction method. The best model (CSIRO-Mk3-6-0) was chosen by the TOPSIS (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) method from seven CMIP5 models based on statistical indices. For simulation of streamflow, a rainfall-runoff model, the hydrologiska byrans vattenavdelning (HBV-Light) model, was utilized. Results on hydro-climatological changes in Zarrineh River basin showed that the mean daily precipitation is expected to decrease from 0.94 and 0.96 mm in 2015 to 0.65 and 0.68 mm in 2050 under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively. In the case of temperature, the numbers change from 12.33°C and 12.37°C in 2015 to 14.28°C and 14.32°C in 2050. Corresponding to these climate scenarios, this study projected a decrease of the annual streamflow of Zarrineh River by half from 2015 to 2050 as the results of climatic changes will lead to a decrease in the annual streamflow of Zarrineh River from 59.49 m3/s in 2015 to 22.61 and 23.19 m3/s in 2050. The finding is of important meaning for water resources planning purposes, management programs and strategies of the Lake's endangered ecosystem. 相似文献
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基于加权马尔可夫模型的标准化降水指数干旱预测研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
基于不同时间尺度标准化降水指数的干旱监测结果,以规范化的各阶白相关系数为权重,采用加权马尔可夫链方法对未来干旱状态进行预测和分析.以关中平原和渭北旱塬36个气泉站39年逐月降水量为分析数据.系统地分析了该方法在不同时间尺度(从1个月到1年)上的预测能力及存在的问题.结果表明:对所选的5个时间尺度该方法都有一定的预测能力,并且随着时间尺度的增加,预测正确率也相应提高.同时,该方法对无旱的预测比较准确.对干旱的发生也有一定预测能力,可以作为早期干旱预警的参考.但是,该方法对干旱状态突变的预测能力较弱;随着干旱程度的加重其预测能力也逐渐降低. 相似文献
11.
ZHANG Tongwen YUAN Yujiang CHEN Feng YU Shulong ZHANG Ruibo QIN Li JIANG Shengxia 《干旱区科学》2018,10(1):53-67
Reconstructing the hydrological change based on dendrohydrological data has important implications for understanding the dynamic distribution and evolution pattern of a given river. The widespread, long-living coniferous forests on the Altay Mountains provide a good example for carrying out the dendrohydrological studies. In this study, a regional composite tree-ring width chronology developed by Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Picea obovata Ledeb. was used to reconstruct a 301-year annual(from preceding July to succeeding June) streamflow for the Haba River, which originates in the southern Altay Mountains, Xinjiang, China. Results indicated that the reconstructed streamflow series and the observations were fitting well, and explained 47.5% of the variation in the observed streamflow of 1957–2008. Moreover, floods and droughts in 1949–2000 were precisely captured by the streamflow reconstruction. Based on the frequencies of the wettest/driest years and decades, we identified the 19 th century as the century with the largest occurrence of hydrological fluctuations for the last 300 years. After applying a 21-year moving average, we found five wet(1724–1758, 1780–1810, 1822–1853, 1931–1967, and 1986–2004) and four dry(1759–1779, 1811–1821, 1854–1930, and 1968–1985) periods in the streamflow reconstruction. Furthermore, four periods(1770–1796, 1816–1836, 1884–1949, and 1973–1997) identified by the streamflow series had an obvious increasing trend. The increasing trend of streamflow since the 1970s was the biggest in the last 300 years and coincided with the recent warming-wetting trend in northwestern China. A significant correlation between streamflow and precipitation in the Altay Mountains indicated that the streamflow reconstruction contained not only local, but also broad-scale, hydro-climatic signals. The 24-year, 12-year, and 2.2–4.5-year cycles of the reconstruction revealed that the streamflow variability of the Haba River may be influenced by solar activity and the atmosphere–ocean system. 相似文献
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Catchments dominated by meltwater runoff are sensitive to climate change as changes in precipitation and temperature inevitably affect the characteristics of glaciermelt/snowmelt, hydrologic circle and water resources. This study simulated the impact of climate change on the runoff generation and streamflow of Chu River Basin(CRB), a glacierized basin in Central Asia using the enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT). The model was calibrated and validated using the measured monthly streamflow data from three discharge gauge stations in CRB for the period 1961–1985 and was subsequently driven by downscaled future climate projections of five Global Circulation Models(GCMs) in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) under three radiative forcing scenarios(RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). In this study, the period 1966–1995 was used as the baseline period, while 2016–2045 and 2066–2095 as the near-future and far-future period, respectively. As projected, the climate would become warmer and drier under all scenarios in the future, and the future climate would be characterized by larger seasonal and annual variations under higher RCP. A general decreasing trend was identified in the average annual runoff in glacier(–26.6% to –1.0%), snow(–21.4% to +1.1%) and streamflow(–27.7% to –6.6%) for most of the future scenario periods. The projected maximum streamflow in each of the two future scenarios occurred one month earlier than that in the baseline period because of the reduced streamflow in summer months. Results of this study are expected to arouse the serious concern about water resource availability in the headwater region of CRB under the continuously warming climate. Changes in simulated hydrologic outputs underscored the significance of lowering the uncertainties in temperature and precipitation projection. 相似文献
13.
Qingyun LI 《干旱区科学》2017,9(4):609-621
Climate change and Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC) have been identified as two primary factors affecting watershed hydrological regime. This study analyzed the trends of streamflow, precipitation, air temperature and potential evapotranspiration(PET) from 1962 to 2008 in the Jihe watershed in northwestern Loess Plateau of China using the Mann-Kendall test. The streamflow responses to climate change and LUCC were quantified independently by the elasticity method. The results show that the streamflow presented a dramatic decline with a turning point occurred in 1971, while the precipitation and PET did not change significantly. The results also show that the temperature rose markedly especially since 1990 s with an approximate increase of 1.74°C over the entire research period(1962–2008). Using land use transition matrix, we found that slope cropland was significantly converted to terrace between 1970 s and 1990 s and that forest cover increased relatively significantly because of the Grain for Green Project after 2000. The streamflow reduction was predominantly caused by LUCC and its contribution reached up to 90.2%, while the contribution of climate change to streamflow decline was only 9.8%. Although the analytical results between the elasticity method and linear regression model were not satisfactorily consistent, they both indicated that LUCC(human activity) was the major factor causing streamflow decline in the Jihe watershed from 1962 to 2008. 相似文献
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In recent years, the streamflow of the Laohahe Basin in China showed a dramatic decrease during the rainy season as a result of climate change and/or human activities. The objective of this work was to document significant streamflow changes caused by land use and land cover （LULC） changes and to quantify the impacts of the observed changes in Laohahe Basin. in the study area, the observed streamflow has been influenced by LULC changes, dams, and irrigation from rivers, industry, livestock and human consumption. Most importantly, the growth of population and gross domestic product （GDP） accompanied by the growth in industrial and agricultural activities, which led to LULC changes with increased residential land and cropland and decreased grassland since 2000s. Statistical methods and Variable Infiltration Capacity （VIC） hydrological model were used to estimate the effects of climate change and LULC changes on streamflow and evaportranspiration lET）. First, the streamflow data of the study area were divided into three sub-periods according to the Pettitt test. The hydrological process was then simulated by VIC model from 1964 to 2009. Furthermore, we compared the simulated results based on land use scenarios in 1989, 1999 and 2007, respectively for exploring the effect of LULC changes on the spatio-temporal distribution of streamflow and ET in the Laohahe Basin. The results suggest that, accompanied with climate change, the LULC changes and human water consumption appeared to be the most likely factors contributing to the sig- nificant reduction in streamflow in the Laohahe Basin by 64% from1999 to 2009. 相似文献
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黑河中游近49年降水序列变化规律及干旱预测——以张掖市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑河位于西北内陆地区,所处地带属于典型的温带大陆性干旱气候。干旱是对该地区农业发展危害最大的主要灾害。因此,对该地区降水序列的研究以及对干旱的预测尤显重要。本文以张掖市为例,采用高台、民乐、山丹、肃南、临泽和甘州6个观测站的1956-2004年49年的月降水量观测值,分析该地区降水的空间分布特点和时间序列的变化规律,并选择1968-1997年30年的月降水量观测值,运用灰色系统的灾变预测方法,建立各县区的灾变预测模型GM(1.1),对该地区未来一定时期内干旱发生的时间进行预测,经检验预测模型精度较高,检验结果基本与实际相符。因此,研究结果可对广大旱区抗旱减灾,促进农业生产提供科学指导。 相似文献
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为进一步明确安徽省稻曲病发生关键期, 探索稻曲病气象等级预报方法, 以满足对该病害气象等级预报的服务需求?本文以安徽省池州市为例, 利用1995年-2018年一季稻稻曲病观测数据和同期气象资料, 通过相关分析确定稻曲病发生关键期?根据稻曲病大发生对适温高湿环境的需求及不同降水等级和温度对稻曲病发生程度的影响不同, 以稻曲病发生关键期降水日数为基础, 引入雨量系数和温度系数, 形成稻曲病发生综合气象条件指数, 通过最优曲线回归分析, 建立稻曲病预报模型?结果表明, 7月下旬至8月中旬是池州市一季稻稻曲病发生关键期; 综合气象条件指数与稻曲病病穗率相关性明显高于降水日数与病穗率相关性; 预报模型回代检验准确率为81.0%, 2016年-2018年模型预测结果均与实际情况相吻合, 由于样本中轻发生和大发生年份较少, 对轻发生和大发生预报的准确性需在样本丰富条件下进一步验证?模型在业务应用中, 可结合CFSv2模式逐日降水和气温预报产品, 提前10~30 d开展稻曲病气象等级预报, 对做好稻曲病的防治工作具有重要参考价值? 相似文献
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The sensitivity and vulnerability of water resources to climate change is difficult to assess. In this study, we used a conceptual hydrologic model to investigate the sensitivity of streamflow to climate change. We also proposed a framework to evaluate the vulnerability of water resources in arid regions. We applied this framework to a case study of the Shiyang River Basin in Northwest China. Results showed that the precipitation and streamflow in Shiyang River Basin exhibited no significant trends of change from 1956 to 2010. In the past five decades, however, the temperature increased significantly by 0.37°C per decade. According to the sensitivity assessment, a 10% increase in precipitation and a 1°C increase in temperature altered mean annual streamflow by averages of 14.6% and –0.5%, respectively, from 1988 to 2005. In the 2000s, the calculated vulnerability of water resources in Shiyang River Basin was more than 0.95, indicating severe vulnerability. The increase in the amount of precipitation and the implementation of water-saving measures can reduce the vulnerability of water resources in the future; if precipitation increases by 10% per decade and the use of irrigation water decreases by 15% in the 2030s, the evaluated value of water resources vulnerability will be reduced to 0.79. However, the region remains highly vulnerable. The proposed framework for vulnerability assessment can be applied to the arid regions in Northwest China, and the results of our efforts can identify adaptation strategies and improve the management of water resources in such regions. 相似文献
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针对降水量这样一种非线性、非平稳序列,研究经验模态分解方法(EMD)和信息扩散近似推理方法（IDAR）在年降水量预测中的组合应用,解决资料序列不充分情况下的区域降水量预测问题。首先,通过EMD方法对具有典型非线性与非平稳特征的年降水量时间序列进行处理,分解出包含原信号不同特征尺度的分量数据系列;然后应用信息扩散近似推理技术对各降水量分量间的复杂非线性关系进行描述,建立当前趋势以及相邻年份之间的预测规则,并进行预测。以文献案例灌区长系列降水资料为样本进行实例计算,并与其它预测方法进行了对比。结果表明：基于EMD和信息扩散近似推理的预测方法效果较好,误差绝对值和为1.30,优于人工神经网络、线性自回归方法以及单纯信息扩散近似推理的统计结果。同时,为了验证该方法的适用性,将该方法应用于文峪河灌区的降雨量预测,取得了满意的效果。研究中发现：信息扩散近似推理可将样本点转换成模糊集,部分弥补了由于数据的不完备性所造成的信息空白,并可将矛盾模式转换成兼容模式。而EMD方法可有效分解具有非线性、非平稳特征的降水序列,保留其原序列在空间（或时间）各种尺度上的分布规律。两者结合对解决样本不完备的非平稳序列的预测问题是非常有价值的。通过与其它预测方法比较,发现该模型能够很好地光滑样本数据以及能够较好地发掘知识,有较高的预测精度和推广应用价值。 相似文献
20.
基于神经网络的稻纵卷叶螟长期预测 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为了利用神经网络强大的学习能力、非线性处理能力和预测能力,根据其建模的基本原理对江苏省通州市稻纵卷叶螟赶蛾资料进行了处理分析,建立了该地神经网络长期预测模型。结果表明：只考虑预报量的神经网络模型三年的总预测准确率达８８．８％;而考虑气象因素的神经网络模型三年各项的预报准确率则高达１００％。从而说明了利用神经网络模型进行害虫预测是可行的。 相似文献