共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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[目的 ]研究不同配置缓冲带对径流水中磷素截留效果的影响,为选择适宜太湖河岸缓冲带和有效治理富营养化提供参考。[方法 ]以7块大小为20 m×40 m的太湖人工林河岸缓冲带为研究对象,比较不同宽度(15、30、40 m)、不同植被类型(‘南林95’杨、中山杉林、‘南林95’杨-中山杉混交林)、不同林分密度(400、1 000、1 600株·hm-2)的河岸缓冲带对径流水中总磷和可溶性磷的截留效果的差异。[结果 ](1)冬季缓冲带对径流水中总磷和可溶性磷的拦截效果明显优于春季缓冲带;缓冲带对径流水中可溶性磷的截留率显著高于总磷。(2)不同的河岸缓冲带对宽度的需求不同。对于中山杉林、混交林、400和1 000株·hm-2的杨树林而言,15 m宽的河岸缓冲带基本能满足截磷需求;1 600株·hm-2的杨树林需要40 m以上的河岸缓冲带宽度才能满足对磷的截留要求(3)对于中山杉林和杨树林缓冲带而言,林分密度为400株·hm-2的缓冲带对径流水中总磷和可溶性磷的截留效果最好。(4)中山杉林缓冲带对径流水中磷素... 相似文献
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为更好地了解不同宽度和密度人工林河岸缓冲带对径流水中磷的截留效果,减少污染物进入水体,减缓太湖农业面源污染,以流域6块大小为20 m×40 m的中山杉与杨树人工林河岸缓冲带为研究对象,分析不同宽度(15、30和40 m)和不同林分密度(400、1 000和1 600株·hm-2)的河岸缓冲带对径流水中总磷与可溶性磷的截留效果。结果表明:(1)不同的人工林河岸缓冲带具有不同的优化宽度,15 m宽的中山杉林缓冲带和30 m宽的杨树林缓冲带基本能满足截留磷的要求。(2)不同林分密度中山杉林缓冲带对总磷和可溶性磷的平均截留率分别表现为:1 000株·hm-2>400株·hm-2>1 600株·hm-2和1 600株·hm-2>1 000株·hm-2>400株·hm-2;林分密度为400株·hm-2的杨树林缓冲带对总磷平均截留率最高,为87.97%;林分密度为1 600株·hm-2 相似文献
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以山西沁河源头将台林场为试验地点,在自然草皮和营造的人工草皮上,进行了不同植被、不同缓冲带对化肥的削弱试验.结果表明:植被带对化肥营养物质削弱作用显著;不同植被类型、不同植被宽度对不同的化肥种类消弱作用不同;在复合肥试验中,对各营养物质的消减达15%～33.3%,在硫酸钾试验中对各营养物质的消减达20%～99.3%. 相似文献
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植物护坡及其生态效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河道生态系统中的河岸侵蚀和滨水缓冲带建设倍受关注。本文以上海市浦东新区机场镇的生态河道示范工程为例,探讨了以生态修复和稳定坡岸为目标的植物护坡技术在生态河道坡岸修复中的应用及其生态效应。在不同河段分别采用了全系列生态护坡、土壤生物工程护坡和复合式生物稳定等三类植物护坡技术。通过对工程实施后3年（2004～2006年）来的生态监测发现,护坡植物生长良好,新生枝叶和根系的护坡作用明显,土壤抗剪强度明显增加,河岸土壤侵蚀得到有效控制,坡岸的结构稳定性增强;同时河岸生境得到改善,本地植物快速恢复,生物多样性增加,河岸植物群落结构由单一结构向复杂结构转变,生态稳定性逐渐增强。生态河道的植物坡岸修复技术可以在我国各类坡岸的生态修复和边坡稳定中广泛运用。 相似文献
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漓江流域森林植被景观恢复与规划研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
分析漓江流域森林植被的景观生态问题，探讨流域森林植被景观恢复的技术和途径，包括源头森林植被景观、农田森林景观和河岸森林景观可能的规划措施和方法，指出地带性植被景观的恢复是漓江流域风景区的森林恢复唯一正确选择。 相似文献
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The creation of riparian forest buffer zones for water quality management in agricultural landscapes takes land out of production,
incurring an economic loss for the landowner. However, planting and harvesting techniques, such as those employed in indigenous
systems of tropical agroforestry, can enhance riparian forest buffer strips with economically viable species. This kind of
riparian forest buffer can be harvested and generate income from otherwise unproductive tracts of land. This practice would
make the implementation of riparian forest buffers more acceptable to farmers, by generating income while helping to improve
water quality. The present project provides an economic model for the harvest of non-timber products (fruits, nuts and ornamentals)
from riparian forest buffer zones in the Chesapeake Bay region. Potential gross income from harvest is calculated to demonstrate
the feasibility of this strategy. Given certain assumptions, the gross income can amount to $60,934.30/ha/year.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Nutrient Attenuation in Agricultural Surface Runoff by Riparian Buffer Zones in Southern Illinois,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrients in overland flow from agricultural areas are a common cause of stream and lake water quality impairment. One method
of reducing excess nutrient runoff from non-point sources is to restore or enhance existing riparian areas as vegetative buffers.
A field scale study was conducted to assess the ability of remnant giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.) and forest
riparian buffer zones to attenuate nutrients in agricultural surface runoff from natural precipitation events. Two adjacent,
10.0 m wide riparian buffers were instrumented with 16 overland flow collectors to monitor surface runoff for nitrate, ammonium,
and orthophosphate. Measurements were taken at 3.3 m increments within each buffer. The forest buffer significantly reduced
incoming dissolved nitrate-N, dissolved ammonium-N, total ammonium-N, and total orthophosphate masses in surface runoff by
97, 74, 68, and 78 , respectively within the 10.0 m riparian buffer. Nutrient reductions within the cane buffer were 100 for
all three nutrients due to relatively high infiltration rates. Significant reductions of total ammonium- N and total orthophosphate
were detected by 3.3 m in the cane buffer and at 6.6 m in the forest buffer. Results suggest that both giant cane and forest
vegetation are good candidates to incorporate into riparian buffer restoration designs for southern Illinois as well as in
other regions within their native range with similar climatic and physiographic conditions. 相似文献
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Eucalypt plantations are expanding rapidly in Australia, and their value for native fauna requires investigation. The relative conservation value of young eucalypt plantations was investigated through assessment of avifauna richness, abundance and composition using transect surveys incorporating point counts in five broad habitat types—dryland forests, riparian forests, dryland plantations, riparian plantations, and riparian pastures (strips of riparian vegetation surrounded by pastures). A total of 73 species were recorded during formal surveys. Species richness and abundance were comparable among all habitat types except dryland plantations, which supported fewer species and in lower numbers. The avifauna assemblage differed according to broad habitat types. Forest habitats (dryland and riparian) harboured more forest- and woodland-dependent species, and a greater abundance of nectarivores and insectivores. Riparian plantations supported a similar number of forest- and woodland-dependent species to forest habitats, but also retained some open-country species. Riparian pastures had the highest cumulative species richness, reflecting a diverse mix of forest- and woodland-dependent birds and open-country species. It was the preferred habitat type for granivores and vertebrate eaters. Dryland plantations were dominated by common species and omnivores, and supported fewer forest- and woodland-dependent birds, insectivores and frugivores compared with other habitat types. The presence of riparian strips increased avifauna diversity and abundance in plantations and pastures to a greater extent than predicted by the proportional area of riparian habitat. The importance of riparian habitats needs to be recognised and incorporated into management policies if biodiversity conservation is to be an objective of plantation establishment. 相似文献
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Sara A. Berges Lisa A. Schulte Moore Thomas M. Isenhart Richard C. Schultz 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(1):97-110
In response to concern about the loss of ecosystem services once provided by natural riparian systems, state and federal agencies
have established incentive programs for landowners to convert sensitive lands from agricultural to conservation uses. Enhancement
of wildlife habitat, while identified as a function of such systems, has often been of secondary importance to soil conservation
and water quality objectives. Though greatly important, little consideration has been given to how specific species will respond
to the design and management of riparian buffers or other conservation lands. This study compared avian communities within
a chronosequence of riparian buffers established on previously cropped or pastured land with those of the nearby matrix land
cover types (row crop fields and an intensively grazed pasture). The riparian buffers consisted of native grasses, forbs,
and woody vegetation established at three different times (2, 9, and 14+ years prior to survey). At each site, 10 min point
counts for breeding birds were conducted using 50 m fixed radius plots, which were visited eight times between May 15 and
July 10, 2008. A total of 54 bird species were observed over all of the study sites. The re-established riparian buffers in
this study had higher bird abundance, richness, and diversity than the crop and pasture sites. These results suggest that
re-establishing native riparian vegetation in areas of intensive agriculture will provide habitat for a broad suite of bird
species, but that specific species will reflect successional stage, horizontal and vertical vegetative structure, and compositional
diversity of the buffer vegetation. These results emphasize the importance of matching buffer design and management to species
requirements if the objectives are to attract specific target species or species groups. 相似文献
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The production-oriented agricultural system of Midwestern United States has caused environmental problems such as soil degradation and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution of water. Riparian buffers have been shown to reduce the impacts of NPS pollutants on stream water quality through the enhancement of riparian zone soil quality. The objective of this study was to compare soil-water infiltration in a Coland soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquoll) under multi-species riparian buffer vegetation with that of cultivated fields and a grazed pasture. Eight infiltration measurements were made, in each of six treatments. Bulk density, antecedent soil moisture, and particle size were also examined. The average 60-min cumulative infiltration was five times greater under the buffers than under the cultivated field and pasture. Cumulative infiltration in the multi-species riparian buffer was in the order of silver maple > grass filter > switchgrass. Cumulative infiltration did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) among corn and soybean crop fields and the pasture. Soil bulk densities under the multi-species buffer vegetation were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than in the crop fields and the pasture. Other measured parameters did not show consistent trends. Thus, when using infiltration as an index, the established multi-species buffer vegetation seemed to improve soil quality after six years.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Understory plant biomass, species richness and canopy openness were measured in six-year old hybrid poplar riparian buffer
strips, in the understory of two unrelated clones (MxB-915311 and DxN-3570), planted along headwater streams at three pasture
sites of southern Quebec. Canopy openness was an important factor affecting understory biomass in hybrid poplar buffers, with
lower understory biomass observed on sites and under the clone with lower canopy openness. Although tree size was an important
factor affecting canopy openness, relationships between total stem volume and canopy openness, for each clone, also support
the hypothesis of a clonal effect on canopy openness. Understory biomass and canopy openness as low as 3.6 g m−2 and 7.6% in 1 m2 microplots were measured under clone MxB-915311 at the most productive site. This reduction of understory plant growth could
compromise important buffer functions for water quality protection (runoff control, sediment trapping and surface soil stabilisation),
particularly were concentrated runoff flow paths enter the buffer. On the other hand, tree buffers that maintain relatively
low canopy openness could be interesting to promote native and wetland plant diversity. Significant positive relationships
between canopy openness and introduced species richness (R
2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) and cover (R
2 = 0.51, p < 0.001) were obtained, while no significant relationship was observed between canopy openness and native (wetland) species
richness and cover. These results suggest that planting riparian buffer strips of fast-growing trees can rapidly lead to the
exclusion of shade-intolerant introduced species, typical colonisers of disturbed habitats such as riparian areas of pastures,
while having no significant effect on native (wetland) diversity. Forest canopy created by the poplars was probably an important
physical barrier controlling introduced plant richness and abundance in agricultural riparian corridors. A strong linear relationship
(R
2 = 0.73) between mean total species richness and mean introduced species richness was also observed, supporting the hypothesis
that the richest communities are the most invaded by introduced species, possibly because of higher canopy openness, as seen
at the least productive site (low poplar growth). Finally, results of this study highlight the need for a better understanding
of relationships between tree growth, canopy openness, understory biomass and plant diversity in narrow strips of planted
trees. This would be useful in designing multifunctional riparian buffer systems in agricultural landscapes. 相似文献
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本文对两期遥感图像进行解译，并在GIS支持下提取露水河林业局主要河流两岸各缓冲区森林资源信息，经分析得到各类地物在1985年及1999年的变化趋势。结果表明：在河流沿岸对森林的采伐强度1999年较1985年明显减小，整体生态环境较1985年有所改善。在缓冲区1，2，3除中龄针叶林大幅度增加外，其它地物类型面积均减少，由此可以看出，在这三个缓冲区内针叶林得到了较好的恢复。在缓冲区4内，中龄针叶林、成熟针叶林、成熟阔叶林形成一个林龄梯队，有利于森林生态系统的稳定与功能的发挥，十五年间缓冲区4受到的干扰相对较小。湿地数量在四个缓冲区内均有所减少，虽然在缓冲区4内森林生态系统恢复的较好，但湿地面积仍有所减少，说明保护及恢复湿地资源是一件非常艰巨的任务，必须引起高度重视。图5表2参12。 相似文献
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Matthew R. Kluber Deanna H. Olson Klaus J. Puettmann 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(4):529-535
Over the past 50 years, forested landscapes of the Pacific Northwest have become increasingly patchy, dominated by early successional forests. Several amphibian species associated with forested headwater systems have emerged as management concerns, especially after clearcutting. Given that headwater streams comprise a large portion of the length of flowing waterways in western Oregon forests, there is a need to better understand how forest management affects headwater forest taxa and their habitats. Mitigation strategies include alternatives to clearcutting, such as harvests that remove only part of the canopy and maintenance of riparian buffer strips. Our study investigates effects of upland forest thinning coupled with riparian buffer treatments on riparian and upland headwater forest amphibians, habitat attributes, and species-habitat associations. Amphibian captures and habitat variables were examined 5–6 years post-thinning within forest stands subject to streamside-retention buffers and variable-width buffers, as well as unthinned reference stands. We found no treatments effects, however, our results suggest that ground surface conditions (e.g., amount of rocky or fine substrate) play a role in determining the response of riparian and upland amphibians to forest thinning along headwater streams. Distance from stream was associated with amphibian abundance, hence retention of riparian buffers is likely important in maintaining microclimates and microhabitats needed for amphibians and other taxa. Moderate thinning and preservation of conditions in riparian and nearby upland areas by way of variable-width and streamside-retention buffers may be sufficient to maintain suitable habitat and microclimatic conditions vital to amphibian assemblages in managed headwater forests. 相似文献