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1.
《中国家禽》2015,(22)
以信号转导和转录激活子5b(STAT5b)基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术检测STAT5b基因在京海黄鸡、边鸡、尤溪麻鸡和AA鸡4个群体中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),并与京海黄鸡繁殖性状的相关性进行研究。结果表明,就STAT5b基因P1位点而言,在4个鸡群体中检测到6种基因型(DD、DE、DF、EE、EF、FF)。克隆测序发现,与DD基因型相比EE和FF基因型中存在2个突变(A9221G、T9401C)。就P2位点而言,在4个鸡品种中检测到3种基因型(GG、GH和HH),克隆测序发现,与GG基因型比较HH基因型有3个突变(C11159T、T11183C和T11252C)。最小二乘分析结果显示,DF基因型的京海黄鸡300日龄产蛋数显著高于EE基因型的京海黄鸡个体(P0.05),其他性状基因型间无差异(P0.05);GG基因型京海黄鸡300日龄体重显著高于GH基因型的京海黄鸡个体(P0.05),其他性状基因型间无差异(P0.05)。单倍型分析产生8种单倍型,10种单倍型组合。单倍型组合H1H3和H1H8京海黄鸡个体300日龄产蛋数最多;单倍型组合H1H7京海黄鸡个体300日龄蛋重最大;H1H1单倍型组合京海黄鸡个体300日龄体重最高。因此,推测STAT5b基因P1、P2位点对京海黄鸡繁殖性状有一定影响。 相似文献
2.
自从Lake(1972)首先探讨了不同个体间精子的耐冻性问题以来,已有许多作者对鸡冷冻精液受精率的遗传特性作了大量的研究。Sexton(1978)发现具有较高受精率公鸡的冷冻精液。使用不同的冷冻程序依然有较高的受精率。Mitchell(1977)等和Armah和Backland(1983)估测了鸡冷冻精液的遗传力,证明了精子抗冻能力的遗传性。Lado-Gorzowska(1976)比较了不同品种公鸡精液抗冻能力的差异,重型品种(白洛克、 相似文献
3.
根据鸡MC4R mRNA和看家基因β-actin mRNA序列,分别设计1对引物,以半定量RT-PCR法研究不同品种鸡肾上腺中MC4R基因mRNA表达水平,并分析了其与屠宰性状间的相关关系。结果表明,京海黄鸡公鸡MC4R基因在肾上腺中的表达水平显著高于尤溪麻鸡公鸡(P<0.05);京海黄鸡公鸡的胴体重、胸肌重、腿肌重与MC4R基因在肾上腺中表达水平存在极显著相关(P<0.01);尤溪麻鸡公鸡的胴体重与MC4R基因在肾上腺中表达水平存在极显著相关(P<0.01),胸肌重、腿肌重与MC4R基因在肾上腺中表达水平存在显著相关(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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本研究以京海黄鸡为试验素材,将鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫攻毒后的京海黄鸡群体分成抗性组和易感组,以非攻毒的京海黄鸡为对照组,比较分析了血清抗氧化酶、白细胞介素细胞因子和一氧化氮等10个抗性指标。结果显示,3组间一氧化氮(NO)以及γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的含量比较差异显著(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。抗性组NO、CAT和SOD含量显著或极显著地高于易感组,而抗性组IFN-γ含量与易感组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。公母鸡间比较只有公鸡组NO含量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明NO、CAT、SOD和IFN-γ可以作为抗性指标用于鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病抗性评价和选育研究。 相似文献
5.
京海黄鸡GH基因与生长、屠体性状的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验将生长激素(GH)基因作为影响鸡生长、屠体性状的候选基因,以京海黄鸡为材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术对京海黄鸡的GH基因的5个外显子进行SNPs检测和基因型分析,探讨GH基因的多态性与鸡生长、屠体性状之间的关系.在GH基因外显子4上发现突变位点,表现为3种基因型,分别为AA、AB和BB基因型.统计结果显示,公鸡的活重、脾重、肝重、头重、脚重、腺胃重、肌胃重、腿肌重和半净膛重在不同基因型间呈现差异显著(P<0.05),AA基因型最高.母鸡的脾重、肝重、脚重在不同基因型间差异显著,其余性状在各基因型间差异均不显著(P>0.05).这表明该基因可能调控鸡生长、屠体性状的主效基因或与控制生长、屠体性状的主基因连锁,可以将该突变位点作为京海黄鸡进行生长、屠体性状筛选的候选分子辅助标记. 相似文献
6.
本研究旨在探讨肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因多态性与鸡繁殖性状间的相关性。以378只京海黄鸡为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP技术研究MyoG基因外显子的多态性。运用最小二乘法分析这些突变位点形成的基因型与京海黄鸡繁殖性状间的相关性。结果表明,MyoG基因外显子1上存在1个G102A突变,外显子3上存在1个T36C突变,分别形成基因型AA、AB、BB和CC、CD、DD。关联分析结果显示,基因型AA、AB和BB在京海黄鸡繁殖性状上无显著差异（P＞0.05）;基因型CC和DD在京海黄鸡开产体重上存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,在其余性状上各基因型差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。因此,推测MyoG基因对京海黄鸡的繁殖性状无显著影响,为探索鸡育种过程中的标记辅助选择提供参考资料。 相似文献
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根据鸡MC4R mRNA和看家基因β-actin mRNA序列,分别设计1对引物,以半定量RT-PCR法研究不同品种鸡肾上腺中MC4R基因mRNA表达水平,并分析了其与屠宰性状间的相关关系。结果表明,京海黄鸡公鸡MC4R基因在肾上腺中的表达水平显著高于尤溪麻鸡公鸡（P＜0.05）;京海黄鸡公鸡的胴体重、胸肌重、腿肌重与MC4R基因在肾上腺中表达水平存在极显著相关（P＜0.01）;尤溪麻鸡公鸡的胴体重与MC4R基因在肾上腺中表达水平存在极显著相关（P＜0.01）,胸肌重、腿肌重与MC4R基因在肾上腺中表达水平存在显著相关（P＜0.05）。 相似文献
8.
《中国家禽》2015,(2)
本试验旨在研究京海黄鸡IGFBP-3基因第7内含子多态性及其对京海黄鸡生长和产蛋性能的影响。采用PCR-SSCP技术和DNA测序技术对京海黄鸡IGFBP-3基因第七内含子进行多态性检测,并将检测到的SNP与京海黄鸡部分经济性状进行关联分析。结果显示,该位点属于中度多态信息含量位点;χ2适合性检验表明该位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。关联分析结果显示,AG型个体的开产体重显著高于AA型和GG型个体(P0.05)。AA型和GG型个体的300日龄产蛋数和66周龄产蛋数显著高于AG型个体(P0.05)。由此初步推断G/A突变对京海黄鸡生长和繁殖性能有一定的影响,该座位对产蛋数显示负的显性效应,生产上可以用作种鸡产蛋数选育的候选分子标记进行选种。 相似文献
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为探讨Smad3基因作为京海黄鸡生长性状遗传标记的可能性,本研究以京海黄鸡为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法对Smad3基因的第6和第7外显子进行SNPs检测,并分析其对京海黄鸡生长性状的影响。结果表明:京海黄鸡Smad3基因中有2个位点存在多态性,即第6外显子第53424碱基的T/C转换和第7外显子第54959碱基的C/G颠换,分别命名为g.TC53424和g.CG54959;在g.TC53424位点形成AA和AB2种基因型,在g.CG54959位点形成TT、TM和MM 3种基因型;AB基因型个体8周龄体重显著高于AA基因型个体(P0.05),且AB型为优势基因型,基因型频率为0.533;而TT、TM和MM 3种基因型个体的各周龄体重差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果提示,检测到的Smad3基因单核苷酸突变对京海黄鸡生长性状有一定影响,但不适合作为京海黄鸡生长性状的有效遗传标记。 相似文献
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本试验旨在分析钙调素(Calmodulin,CAM)基因启动子区域碱基多态性与京海黄鸡产蛋性状和鸡蛋蛋壳质量性状间的关系。采用PCR-SSCP法检测京海黄鸡CAM基因启动子区域碱基多态性。结果表明:京海黄鸡CAM基因启动子区域有3个SNPs(G326A、A327G、C366T),PCR扩增产物SSCP出现6种基因型:AA、AB、AC、BB、BC和CC。AA基因型个体的300日龄产蛋数和66周龄产蛋数显著高于BB型个体(P<0.05)。AA型个体的蛋壳强度和蛋壳重显著小于AB、BB、AC和BC型个体(P<0.05)。CAM基因座对京海黄鸡300日龄蛋重、蛋型指数、蛋壳强度和壳重百分率的主效应指数(MEI)均大于3%。初步推断CAM基因座可能是影响京海黄鸡产蛋数和蛋壳质量性状重要候选基因。 相似文献
11.
Pooled semen samples from 12 groups of mature commercial broiler breeder roosters were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter. Each of the 12 groups was comprised of eight individuals and was sampled weekly for five consecutive weeks. Once a day, roosters were allowed to have a restricted amount of feed after the semen samples were collected by abdominal massage. This feeding schedule reduced the amount of fecal contamination in and around the vent as well as in the semen sample. For replications 1, 2, and 3, the numbers of Campylobacter-positive groups were 8, 5, and 5, respectively, out of 12. For replications 4 and 5, 6 of 8 and 6 of 11 groups were positive, respectively. Only two groups were positive for Campylobacter at all sampling times, two groups were negative each time, and eight groups produced variable results. Also, fecal droppings, external swabs of the genitalia, and semen samples were taken from individual roosters between 49 to 65 wk of age. Of the total 275 semen samples collected, 9.47% contained naturally occurring Campylobacter, whereas 9.6% of 114 fecal droppings and 7.9% of the 114 genital swabs were positive. Levels of the organism present in the fecal samples ranged from 1.0 to 4.2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g with an average of 2.9 log CFU/g feces. For semen, the levels ranged from as low as enrichment recovery only to as high as 3.1 log CFU/ml of semen with an average of 1.2 log CFU/ml. For swabs of genitalia, the levels of Campylobacter were so low that recovery was achieved only through enrichment. These data suggest that rooster semen may serve as a vehicle for transmission of Campylobacter to the reproductive tract of the hen and subsequently to the fertile egg. 相似文献
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Buhr RJ Musgrove MT Richardson LJ Cox NA Wilson JL Bailey JS Cosby DE Bourassa DV 《Avian diseases》2005,49(4):577-581
We previously reported the recovery of Campylobacter (naturally colonized) from the ductus deferens of 5 of 101 broiler breeder roosters, and four of those five positive roosters had previously produced Campylobacter-positive semen samples. Those results prompted further evaluation to determine if inoculation route influenced the prevalence or level of Campylobacter contamination of semen, the digestive tract, or reproductive organs. Individually caged roosters, confirmed to be feces and semen negative for Campylobacter, were challenged with a marker strain of Campylobacter jejuni either orally using 1.0 ml of a diluted cell suspension (log(10)4.3 to 6.0 cells), by dropping 0.1 ml of suspension (log(10)5.3 to 7.0 cells) on the everted phallus immediately after semen collection or by dip coating an ultrasound probe in the diluted cell suspension (log(10)4.3 to 6.0 cells) and then inserting the probe through the vent into the colon. Six days postinoculation, individual feces and semen samples were again collected and cultured for Campylobacter. Seven days postinoculation, roosters were killed, the abdomen aseptically opened to expose the viscera, and one cecum, one testis, and both ductus deferens were collected. The samples were then suspended 1:3 (weight/volume) in Bolton enrichment broth for the culture of Campylobacter. Samples were also directly plated onto Cefex agar to enumerate Campylobacter. Campylobacter was recovered 6 days after challenge from feces in 82% of samples (log(10)4.1 colony-forming units [CFU]/g sample), 85% of semen samples (log(10)2.9 CFU/ml), and on the seventh day postchallenge from 88% of cecal samples (log(10)5.8 CFU/g sample). Campylobacter was not directly isolated from any testis sample but was detected following enrichment from 9% (3/33) of ductus deferens samples. Roosters challenged with Campylobacter orally, on the phallus, or by insertion of a Campylobacter dip-coated ultrasound probe were all readily colonized in the ceca and produced Campylobacter-positive semen and feces on day 6 after challenge. The low prevalence of recovery of Campylobacter from the ductus deferens samples and failure to recover from any testis sample suggests that semen may become Campylobacter positive while traversing the cloaca upon the everted phallus. The production of Campylobacter-positive semen could provide a route in addition to fecal-oral for the horizontal transmission of Campylobacter from the rooster to the reproductive tract of the hen. 相似文献
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The goal of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of macrophages in rooster semen and to investigate their impact on the spermatozoa quality. Ross 308 breeder males (n = 30) with no evidence of genital tract infections were used to determine the concentration of macrophages using fluorescently conjugated acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (AcLDL). Subsequently, the roosters were divided into two groups on the basis of semen macrophage concentration, and semen quality was compared in two heterospermic samples. We applied computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA) system to determine motility parameters. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to evaluate occurrence of apoptotic and dead spermatozoa. Spermatozoa fertility potential was examined after intravaginal artificial insemination of hens. Eighteen roosters (control group) contained 0.2–3% of macrophages within spermatozoa population and ten roosters (macrophage group) had 10–15% of macrophages. Males from macrophage group had lower (p < 0.05) motility parameters (total and progressive movement, velocity curved line) and increased concentration of dead spermatozoa detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy (p < 0.001 and p ? 0.05, respectively). Differences (p < 0.05) between fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry in results on spermatozoa apoptosis and viability were observed. No significant difference was found between groups in fertility of spermatozoa. In conclusion, the higher presence of macrophages in rooster semen may have a negative effect on some parameters of rooster spermatozoa evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, our study suggests that flow cytometry allows more precise examination of spermatozoa viability and apoptosis in a very short time compared with the fluorescent microscopy. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2004,13(1):44-47
At 45 wk of age, 99 roosters housed in individual cages were tested for avian leukosis-J strain virus (ALV-J); 32 tested positive and 67 tested negative. These roosters were fed a restricted diet to maintain weight to primary breeder specifications. Individual semen and ceca samples were analyzed for presence and level of Campylobacter. Population levels of Campylobacter in semen and ceca of ALV-J individuals were 3.5 times higher than negative birds. Controlling viruses such as ALV-J may be an important part of limiting colonization of broiler breeders by organisms such as Campylobacter. 相似文献
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试验通过开展快慢羽群体的鉴定,并对比其在羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能方面的差异,旨在为北京油鸡种鸡选育和科学养殖提供数据支持。选用北京油鸡纯系公鸡,出雏时,按照主翼羽与覆主翼羽的羽长差值将其分为快慢羽亚群,其中快羽包括K1（主翼羽长于覆主翼羽>5 mm）和K2（主翼羽长于覆主翼羽2~5 mm）,慢羽包括M1（主翼羽与覆主翼羽等长或主翼羽长于覆主翼羽<2 mm）和M2（主翼羽短于覆主翼羽）和M3（主翼羽未长出）。1~7日龄每隔1 d测量1次主翼羽与覆主翼羽羽长,7~42日龄每隔1周测量1次;1~8周龄每周测量体重,9~18周龄每隔1周测定体重;10周龄时,观测公鸡全身羽毛发育情况;47周龄时,测定公鸡常规精液品质性状、精子动力学参数、受精率及孵化率。结果显示,快羽公鸡占北京油鸡公鸡总数的11.60%,慢羽占88.40%,慢羽又以M2型为主,有少量M1型和M3型。育雏育成期（1~18周）北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡各周龄体重均无显著差异（P>0.05）。在育雏育成期,慢羽公鸡主翼羽和覆主翼羽生长均慢于快羽公鸡。其10周龄时,背部和腿部羽毛生长完全的鸡的比例仅为44%,且不同类型的慢羽公鸡的比例也不一,其中等长型或微长型慢羽最高,超过90%,未长出型慢羽最低,仅为17%左右。47周龄时快羽鸡和慢羽鸡的常规精液品质无差异,但是快羽公鸡精子直线性显著高于慢羽鸡（P<0.05）,直线速率高于慢羽公鸡（P=0.06）,快羽北京油鸡公鸡受精率显著高于慢羽公鸡（P<0.05）,且入孵蛋孵化率和受精蛋孵化率有高于慢羽公鸡的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。本研究结果表明,快慢羽北京油鸡公鸡的羽毛生长和繁殖性能有一定差异,需要加强慢羽公鸡羽毛发育缓慢原因和鉴定方法的研究,也需加强慢羽公鸡精液品质选育。 相似文献
16.
Birds obtained by embryo engineering are used to study embryo development and to produce transgenic birds. As this method of producing birds still generate strong emotions of the public opinion head ornaments, testes and semen characteristics of sex chimera roosters were examined to check whether they differ from chickens obtained by non‐manipulated methods. Measurements of head ornaments, testes and semen were correlated with each other. Semen quality factor (SQF) was calculated, as well as the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral traits (wattles and testes). Positive correlation was found for comb width and wattle length and comb thickness and sperm concentration. Semen characteristics and FA did not exceed the level encounter in other chicken lines. Results obtained indicate that germline chimeras are similar in appearance of secondary sexual traits, and semen and testes characteristics to chickens produced in non‐manipulated way. 相似文献
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为探究本交笼养模式中与公鸡遗传贡献率相关指标的特性及公母配比,本实验选取2种本交笼模式,一种为大型本交笼(Ⅰ型),单笼饲养100只种鸡,公母配比为1:9;一种为小型本交笼(Ⅱ型),单笼饲养50只种鸡,公母配比为1:9。其中Ⅰ型本交笼选取2笼作为重复,Ⅱ型本交笼选取4笼作为重复。通过基于28个微卫星遗传标记的亲缘鉴定技术度量本交笼中种公鸡遗传贡献率并对公母配比进行研究,同时检测公鸡血清激素水平及精液品质。结果表明:在2种本交笼中,各组内公鸡间遗传贡献率差异显著;在Ⅱ型本交笼中,剔除1只低遗传贡献率的公鸡,公母配比由1:9提高到1:11,种蛋受精率差异不显著;公鸡遗传贡献率与公鸡精液品质、血清中促卵泡素及三碘甲状腺原氨酸相关系数分别为0.79、0.8与-0.8。 相似文献
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20.
Hiett KL Siragusa GR Cox NA Buhr RJ Musgrove MT Stern NJ Wilson JL 《Avian diseases》2003,47(2):406-414
Campylobacter is considered to be the leading bacterial etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Evidence implicates poultry as a major source of the organism for human illness; however, the pathways involved in Campylobacter contamination of poultry flocks, horizontal transmission and/or vertical transmission, remain unclear. Recent evidence implicates breeders as a potential source for Campylobacter contamination of the subsequent broiler offspring. In this investigation, Campylobacter isolated from feces, cloacal swabs, ceca, semen, and vas deferens of 12 breeder broiler roosters were genotyped by both flagellin A short variable region (flaA SVR) DNA sequence analysis and repetitive element (rep)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In 9 of 12 roosters, Campylobacter was isolated from multiple sites sampled. Comparison of multiple isolates obtained from individual roosters revealed variable results. In five of the nine roosters, all Campylobacter isolated demonstrated closely related flaA SVR DNA sequences as well as rep-PCR patterns; isolates from these roosters were collected from both the gastrointestinal and the reproductive tracts or from the gastrointestinal tract alone. The remaining four roosters had Campylobacter that were distinct by both typing methods. Isolates from two of these four roosters originated from both the gastrointestinal and the reproductive tracts. Isolates from the remaining two roosters originated from only the reproductive tract. Comparisons of all Campylobacter isolates recovered from a distinct sample type within either the reproductive tract or the gastrointestinal tract (feces, semen, cloaca, vas deferens, or ceca) were quite diverse. No relationship between the genotypes and the sample type could be ascertained. Further investigation is needed to determine the route of contamination and if the presence of Campylobacter within the rooster leads to contamination of the broiler offspring via the fertilized egg. 相似文献