共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
日粮碳水化合物结构对山羊瘤胃内环境参数及微生物组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的山羊为试验动物,以纯淀粉和纤维素为底物,利用人工瘤胃体外培养法,通过产气量、纤维素的降解率、瘤胃液氨氮浓度,瘤胃液pH值,微生物蛋白含量这5个指标的测定,评价日粮碳水化合物结构(NSC/SC,淀粉∶纤维素)为100∶0、70∶30、50∶50、30∶70、0∶100的5种组合对瘤胃发酵及微生物蛋白产量的影响。结果表明:随着体外培养时间的延长,培养底物中的碳水化合物随着NSC水平的降低,累积产气量不断降低,瘤胃液pH值不断提高,原虫占瘤胃微生物的比重不断升高。在NSC/SC值为30∶70时,纤维素的降解率和微生物蛋白产量达最高。瘤胃液氨氮浓度随着底物中NSC水平的降低变化不显著,但在培养后2h各组的氨氮浓度都达到最大值,随后便随着培养时间的延长而逐渐降低。 相似文献
2.
以3只瘘管羊作为瘤胃液供体,用体外法研究可溶性淀粉和纤维素与滤纸纤维不同NSC/SC水平组合的体外发酵规律。底物使用可溶性淀粉与纯纤维素、可溶性淀粉与滤纸纤维,NSC/SC比例为:100∶0、70∶30、50∶50、30∶70、0∶100。结果表明:不同的NSC/SC水平组合比较,以70∶30组发酵状态最佳;滤纸纤维较纤维素总体发酵水平为低。 相似文献
3.
体外培养不同淀粉与纤维素比例底物对瘤胃发酵微生物影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以3只装有瘘管的山羊作为瘤胃液供体,用体外培养法研究不同淀粉与纤维素比例对瘤胃微生物的影响。底物使用可溶性淀粉与纯纤维素、可溶性淀粉与滤纸纤维,底物比例设计为100∶0、70∶30、50∶50、30∶70、0∶100。结果表明:不同底物以30∶70的比例组的36小时纤维素降解率和微生物产量最高;同一底物的不同比例组则随时间点的推移,分别在8,16,24,24,24小时出现最大微生物产量,而后逐渐下降;另外,不同底物引起了微生物的区系及微生物体内的N素分配的变化;微生物真蛋白产量(因变量)与个数(自变量)有如下线性回归关系:细菌Y=0.05 0.104X(R=0.837);原虫Y=0.008 0.389X(R=0.988)。微生物真蛋白(因变量)与底物的NSC/SC比值(自变量)的回归关系:细菌Y=0.241 0 0.085 5X-0.037 1X2 0.002 9X3(R=0.739 7);原虫Y=0.227 6 0.085 3X-0.038 0X2 0.003 0X3(R=0.737 0)。 相似文献
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5.
以3头体重为25.0±3.5kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的山羊为试验动物,以玉米、豆粕、酪蛋白和羊草按粗精比不同配制的五种等氮但不同NSC/SC(A:0.46、B:0.75、C:1.28、D:2.26、E:7.87)水平的日粮为底物,采用人工瘤胃体外培养法,评价NSC/SC水平对山羊瘤胃发酵及微生物蛋白产量的影响。试验表明:随NSC比例的增加,培养液的pH值、氨氮浓度均呈下降趋势,从0.46组到7.87组下降趋势显著(P0.05);原虫和细菌蛋白产量先上升后下降,在NSC/SC为1.28时达最大值,与其余各组差异显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)。 相似文献
6.
为了解人工瘤胃模拟装置发酵内环境变化规律,将新鲜采集的牛瘤胃液按比例按比例加入到人工瘤胃模拟装置中,分组发酵培养6 h、12 h、18 h和24 h后,分别测定pH及发酵产气量,并提取不同培养时长瘤胃液样本总DNA,使用Miseq2×300 bp平台对样本16S rRNA基因V3～V4、18S rRNA基因V4区扩增产物测序,进行微生物宏基因组学分析。结果表明：随着发酵时间延长,瘤胃pH不断下降,发酵总产气量整体呈上升趋势,且12 h内呈现显著性变化(P<0.05);针对瘤胃发酵液中原核型微生物和真核型微生物类群进行的宏基因组测序结果分析表明,发酵培养12 h的样本中微生物物种丰度及群落多样性指数处于较高水平,与0 h发酵样本差异显著(P<0.05),且随培养时间延长,群落多样性整体呈下降趋势,普雷沃菌属的物种丰度最高,均毛属为瘤胃纤毛虫优势种属。值得注意的是,瘤胃液中尚存在许多未被鉴别分类,且相对丰度较高的微生物,需要进一步研究。 相似文献
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以3只瘘管山羊为瘤胃液供体,研究体外培养条件下不同纤维素水平底物对微生物的分离获得率及DNA提取率的影响。底物可溶性淀粉与纯纤维素比例设计为：100：0,70：30,50：50,30：70,0：100。结果表明：总微生物分离获得率与DNA提取率随底物纤维素含量的增加,总体上呈现下降趋势;分离获得率为53．29％,总微生物DNA提取率为51．0％;细菌DNA的提取率（45．4％）显著低于原虫DNA的提取率（56．1％）（P〈0.05）;所提得DNA片段在20kb以上,PCR扩增效果较好,适合于后续研究的分子操作。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(9)
本试验旨在研究饲粮不同直链/支链淀粉比例对断奶羔羊瘤胃细菌、瘤胃发酵及其上皮乳头形态特征等的影响,为羔羊饲粮配制提供数据支持。试验采用单因子随机区组设计,选取27只体重相近的健康湘东黑山羊断奶羔羊,随机分为3组(每组9头),分别饲喂直链/支链淀粉比例为0.263、0.611及1.833的试验饲粮。试验期共35 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:除瘤胃液中性木聚糖酶活性、瘤胃上皮乳头宽度及瘤胃固相内容物栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌的数量外,瘤胃液其他酶活性、瘤胃上皮乳头高度与表面积、瘤胃发酵特性及瘤胃内容物细菌组成不受饲粮直链/支链淀粉比例的影响(P0.05)。当饲粮直链/支链淀粉比例提高至1.833时可显著提高断奶羔羊瘤胃液中性木聚糖酶活性(P=0.009)及瘤胃上皮乳头宽度(P=0.010),显著降低瘤胃固相内容物栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌的数量(P=0.010)。结果提示,适当提高饲粮直链/支链淀粉比例有益于断奶羔羊瘤胃微生物酶活性与瘤胃乳头发育。根据本研究结果,断奶黑山羊饲粮中直链/支链淀粉比例为0.611时较为适宜。 相似文献
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瘤胃原虫对细菌的吞食作用是降低瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成量的重要因素。提高瘤胃内容物的稀释率可以减少原虫对细菌的吞食作用及微生物的维持能量需要,因而瘤胃水平衡对于瘤胃微生物区系、瘤胃发酵及微生物蛋白质的合成量有重要影响。本研究进行了以下几方面的工作:(1)研究瘤胃内水的来源与去路及影响水平衡的因素,探讨根据瘤胃水平衡测定绵羊唾液分泌方法;(2)研究瘤胃内灌注人工唾液对瘤胃液体平衡、瘤胃发酵及微生物蛋白质合成的影响;瘤胃液稀释率与微生物蛋白质合成之间的关系。(3)探讨在生产实际中,调控瘤胃水平衡 相似文献
10.
本试验利用3头瘤胃瘘管山羊提供瘤胃液,以淀粉、纤维素、酪蛋白为底物进行体外培养,研究花生油、菜油、玉米油和豆油等对瘤胃发酵产气及微生物活力状况的影响。结果表明:培养液36 h总产气量在20.61～39.67mL,除花生油组与对照组差异不显著外(P>0.05),其他油脂组都显著低于对照组(P<0.05);随着培养时间的延长各组产气量呈现波动变化。培养液总脱氢酶以豆油组最高,显著高于对照组;并依次显著高于玉米油、花生油、菜籽油等组(P<0.05)。另外,培养液原虫DNA、细菌DNA、微生物DNA、原虫/细菌区系比例的均值与对照组,以及油脂组间差异都不显著(P>0.05),但随着培养时间的延长,微生物DNA在各时间点都以豆油与玉米油组的较高;原虫DNA一般在16 h达到最高,而细菌DNA则在8 h或16 h最高,并显著高于1 h或4 h的量(P<0.05、P<0.01),且各个试验组在培养过程中随时间的动态变化模式也不尽相同。总体看来,不同油脂对瘤胃微生物体外产气及区系动态变化的影响不同。 相似文献
11.
本文以4只瘤胃瘘管山羊为试验动物,研究碳水化合物结构对山羊瘤胃发酵、原虫种群结构及吞噬速率的影响。设置精粗比为10∶90、30∶70、50∶50、70∶30的4种日粮(A、B、C、D组),其干物质中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)分别为54.87%、44.23%、33.72%、23.23%。采用4×4拉丁方设计,使用荧光标记细菌技术测定原虫吞噬细菌的速率。结果表明:日粮结构影响瘤胃发酵,以B组微生物活力较强、NDF降解率较高、pH也相对稳定;原虫吞噬速率与日粮NDF含量间呈三次方曲线关系(Y=-0.183065X2-0.003092X3+467.117113,R2=0.86795)。吞噬速率与细菌(原虫)密度呈负(正)相关关系,方程为Y=445.514-3.078X1+1.864X(2R2=0.839、Y为吞噬速率;X1和X2为细菌和原虫密度)。日粮结构显著影响原虫种群结构,内毛虫和等毛虫随NDF含量降低而增高,而双毛虫和头毛虫则相反。内毛虫与双毛虫和头毛虫的吞噬速率分别为361.9、606.3个/h和607.5个/h,种属间差异显著,但不同种属吞噬速率随日粮结构变化的趋势基本一致。综上所述,日粮结构可以引起瘤胃发酵状态的改变,从而影响原虫种群结构和吞噬速率。 相似文献
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Gengzhi Ding Ying Chang Liping Zhao Zhenming Zhou Liping Ren Qingxiang Meng 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):24
Live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) constitutes an effective additive for animal production; its probiotic effect may be related to the concentrate-to-forage ratio (CTFR). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of S. cerevisiae (SC) on fiber degradation and rumen microbial populations in steers fed diets with different levels of dietary concentrate. Ten Simmental × Local crossbred steers (450 ± 50 kg BW) were assigned to a control group or an SC group. Both groups were fed the same basal diet but the SC group received SC supplementation (8 × 109 cfu/h/d through the ruminal fistula) following a two-period crossover design. Each period consisted of four phases, each of which lasted 17 d: 10 d for dietary adaptation, 6 d for degradation study, and 1 d for rumen sample collection. From the 1st to the 4th phase, steers were fed in a stepwise fashion with increasing CTFRs, i.e., 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10. The kinetics of dry matter and fiber degradation of alfalfa pellets were evaluated; the rumen microbial populations were detected using real-time PCR. The results revealed no significant (P > 0.05) interactions between dietary CTFR and SC for most parameters. Dietary CTFR had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on degradation characteristics of alfalfa pellets and the copies of rumen microorganism; the increasing concentrate level resulted in linear, quadratic or cubic variation trend for these parameters. SC supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) affected dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation rates (cDM, cNDF) and NDF effective degradability (EDNDF). Compared with the control group, there was an increasing trend of rumen fungi and protozoa in SC group (P < 0.1); copies of total bacteria in SC group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Additionally, percentage of Ruminobacter amylophilus was significantly lower (P < 0.05) but percentage of Selenomonas ruminantium was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the SC group. In a word, dietary CTFR had a significant effect on degradation characteristics of forage and rumen microbial population. S. cerevisiae had positive effects on DM and NDF degradation rate or effective degradability of forage; S. cerevisiae increased rumen total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and lactate-utilizing bacteria but reduced starch-degrading and lactate-producing bacteria. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对活体外瘤胃发酵和烟酸、烟酰胺合成的影响。以4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦阉公牛作为瘤胃液供体,选用淀粉、微晶纤维素、酪蛋白3种成分配制成相同粗蛋白质水平(13.5%,DM)和不同精粗比(30:70、50:50、70:30,DM)的3种纯合日粮作为发酵底物。应用人工瘤胃体外产气量法进行培养发酵并测定产气量、挥发酸及发酵液中烟酸、烟酰胺含量的变化。结果表明,提高日粮精粗比可极显著降低发酵液pH、乙酸/丙酸摩尔比、乙酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01),显著降低氨态氮浓度(L,P<0.05),但却极显著增加72 h产气量、总挥发酸浓度、丙酸和丁酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01)。随日粮精粗比的提高,瘤胃发酵液中总烟酸(烟酸+烟酰胺)、烟酰胺浓度在24和48 h均呈线性增加(L,0.050.10)。由此得出,日粮精粗比可改变活体外瘤胃发酵模式和影响瘤胃微生物合成总烟酸和烟酰胺,且随日粮精粗比的上升,瘤胃合成总烟酸、烟酰胺的数量呈线性增加趋势。 相似文献
14.
Mohammad Mobashar Jürgen Hummel Ralf Blank Karl‐Heinz Südekum 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):17-28
In this study, the relative contribution of different microbial groups to ruminal metabolism was investigated for different diets. The rumen microbial cultures included whole rumen fluid, fungi + protozoa, bacteria + protozoa, protozoa and bacteria + fungi and were established by physical and chemical methods. Gas production, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonium production were measured at 24 hr in in vitro incubations using the Hohenheim gas test (HGT) procedure. Seven donor animal diets with different concentrate‐to‐roughage ratios (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 70:30BC (BC = NaHCO3), 90:10 and 90:10BC) and five HGT diets (C:R: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 90:10) were formulated. Incubations in the HGT were always based on inoculum from sheep diets with the respective C:R ratio. Gas and ammonium production increased (p < 0.001) as a result of a gradual increase in concentrate proportion of the diets. In general, SCFA production followed the same trend. Whole rumen fluid and bacteria + fungi produced approximately 50% higher gas volume than protozoa and fungi + protozoa fractions, whereas gas production with bacteria + protozoa was at an intermediate level. Coculture of protozoa either with bacteria or with fungi produced more ammonium. Populations without bacteria were characterized by a particularly high acetate/propionate ratio. Although an interaction between microbial group and diet was observed for several variables, no clear direction could be established. Manipulating rumen fluid by selectively suppressing specific rumen microbial groups may be a helpful tool in elucidating their role in nutrient degradation and turnover in vitro. 相似文献
15.
不同粗精比日粮对绵羊小肠中瘤胃微生物蛋白质利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用4只装有瘤胃瘘管、十二肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的去势(公母各半)萨福克羊体重平均为(45.5±5.2)kg,在不同粗精比日粮条件下 ,研究瘤胃细菌、纤毛虫体蛋白质在小肠内的利用率。结果表明 :到达十二指肠的瘤胃细菌和纤毛虫的量 ,随日粮中精饲料水平的提高而显著减少(P<0.05)。与此相反 ,过瘤胃饲料蛋白质的量则显著增加(P<0.05)。小肠内的细菌利用率显著受日粮变化的影响 ,而纤毛虫利用率则不易受日粮影响且显著地高于细菌的利用率(P<0.05)。小肠内被吸收的细菌和纤毛虫对微生物氮的贡献率在全试验组中平均为50 %。 相似文献
16.
本文旨在研究添加可溶性淀粉对降解后的白酒糟体外发酵特性的影响,并确定影响发酵的最佳结构性碳水化合物(SC)与非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的比例.采用黄孢原毛平革菌发酵白酒糟20 d,以降解其木质素含量.在体外发酵各组中添加可溶性淀粉使SC/NSC比分别为1.66、2.06、2.46、2.86、3.26和3.66.每组设5个重复.结果表明,通过黄孢原毛平革菌发酵,白酒糟中酸性洗涤木质素的含量降低了16.4%(P＜0.01),而粗蛋白质含量提高了6.04%(P＜0.01).在体外发酵试验中,随着可溶性淀粉添加量的增加,累计产气量显著增加(P＜0.01).增加可溶性淀粉添加量改变SC/NSC比可显著影响微生物蛋白(MCP)、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和氨氮(NH3-N)浓度(P＜0.01).通过SC/NSC比(x)与MCP(y)的回归分析(y=-0.826x2+3.947x+1.189)得出,体外发酵最佳SC/NSC比为2.39.添加可溶性淀粉提高了丙酸在TVFA中的比例(P＜0.05),而降低了乙酸与丙酸比例(P＜0.05).由结果可知,添加可溶性淀粉可提高降解后白酒糟的消化率,并得出体外发酵最佳SC/NSC比为2.39. 相似文献
17.
不同纤维素与淀粉比率等氮纯化底物瘤胃发酵微生物蛋白质合成量 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用持续动态瘤胃模拟装置 (RSI)研究了 6种不同纤维素和淀粉比率 (C S) :0 .14、0 .44、0 .94、1.92、4.75、15 .76,等氮 ( 14.2 2 % ,风干物质基础 )纯化底物养分瘤胃发酵微生物组分及微生物蛋白质合成量。结果显示 :微生物有机物中氮的含量MN MOM在 5 5 0 %～ 6 64 %之间 ;微生物有机物中RNA含量 (RNA MOM ,% )不受日粮C S影响(P >0 0 5 ) ,仅发现微生物氮含量受到日粮碳水化合物比率影响 (P <0 0 5 )。 72小时发酵后 ,瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成效率与底物纤维素和淀粉比率成乘幂负相关关系 :MN RDN =0 .764 9(C S) - 0 .1 0 6 3,n =6,R =- 0 .93 1;MN FOM(g kg) =2 3 .88(C S) - 0 .0 988,n =6,R =- 0 .881。结果表明 ,在瘤胃可利用氮相同条件下 ,微生物蛋白合成效率取决于适宜的底物结构性碳水化合物和非结构性碳水化合物比率 相似文献
18.
A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
J B Russell J D O'Connor D G Fox P J Van Soest C J Sniffen 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(11):3551-3561
The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a kinetic submodel that predicts ruminal fermentation. The ruminal microbial population is divided into bacteria that ferment structural carbohydrate (SC) and those that ferment nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). Protozoa are accommodated by a decrease in the theoretical maximum growth yield (.50 vs .40 g of cells per gram of carbohydrate fermented), and the yields are adjusted for maintenance requirements (.05 vs .150 g of cell dry weight per gram of carbohydrate fermented per hour for SC and NSC bacteria, respectively). Bacterial yield is decreased when forage NDF is < 20% (2.5% for every 1% decrease in NDF). The SC bacteria utilize only ammonia as a N source, but the NSC bacteria can utilize either ammonia or peptides. The yield of NSC bacteria is enhanced by as much as 18.7% when proteins or peptides are available. The NSC bacteria produce less ammonia when the carbohydrate fermentation (growth) rate is rapid, but 34% of the ammonia production is insensitive to the rate of carbohydrate fermentation. Ammonia production rates are moderated by the rate of peptide and amino acid uptake (.07 g of peptide per gram of cells per hour), and peptides and amino acids can pass out of the rumen if the rate of proteolysis is faster than the rate of peptide utilization. The protein-sparing effect of ionophores is accommodated by decreasing the rate of peptide uptake by 34%. Validation with published data of microbial flow from the rumen gave a regression with a slope of .94 and an r2 of .88. 相似文献
19.
Effect of α-cyclodextrin-allyl isothiocyanate on ruminal microbial methane production in vitro 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Zeenat Ara LILA Nazimuddin MOHAMMED Shuhei KANDA Toshihiko KAMADA Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(4):321-326
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of α‐cyclodextrin‐allyl isothiocyanate (CD‐AI) on ruminal microbial methane production and rumen fermentation of corn starch, soluble potato starch or hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) by mixed rumen microorganisms. Diluted rumen fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐AI (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g/L). The pH of the medium was unchanged by CD‐AI in all substrates. The molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased with a corresponding decrease in acetate : propionate ratio (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids and butyrate were increased (P < 0.05). Ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Except with soluble potato starch, numbers of protozoa were unchanged after 6 h. As concentration of CD‐AI increased from 0 to 3.2 g/L, fermentation of corn starch, soluble potato starch and hay plus concentrate resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) methane production of 49–100% (6 h) and 14–100% (24 h); 39–100% (6 h) and 16–100% (24 h); and 45–100% (6 h) and 17–100% (24 h), respectively. When hay plus concentrate was used as substrate, methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) with 0.8 g/L of CD‐AI after 6 h. Excluding the lower dose level (0.4 g/L) of CD‐AI, digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of hay plus concentrate was decreased (P < 0.05) after 24 h. A suitable level of CD‐AI could therefore be used as a supplement to inhibit methane production and improve rumen fermentation without detrimental effects on fiber digestion. 相似文献