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1.
在生鱼(Channa argus×C.maculata)商品饲料中分别添加1%、2%的乌贼膏,1%、2%的酵母膏及其混合物(1%乌贼膏+1%酵母膏),饲养初重为(73.91±1.44)g的生鱼8周。结果表明,饲喂不同饲料的生鱼增重率依次为:2%酵母膏组>(1%酵母膏+1%乌贼膏)组>1%酵母膏组>1%乌贼膏组>2%乌贼膏组>对照组,其中1%、2%酵母膏组及其混合组与对照组之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。饲料系数以2%酵母膏组显著低于对照组、1%乌贼膏组、2%乌贼膏组和混合组(P<0.05)。饲料中添加酵母膏使生鱼的肝体比、脏体比、肠体比及肠长比均有不同程度的下降,但脏体比和肠长比在各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料中添加乌贼膏或酵母膏对生鱼背肌的营养组成没有显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加1%和2%的酵母膏,生鱼肠道皱襞的密度和高度明显增加,几乎填满整个肠腔。饲料中添加1%和2%乌贼膏,生鱼的肠壁厚度增加,但肠道皱襞的密度减小,以2%乌贼膏组尤为明显。混合添加组的肠道组织结构特点与单独添加酵母膏组相似。研究结果表明,饲料中添加1%和2%的酵母膏及酵母膏和乌贼膏的混合物(1%+1%)能显著提高生鱼的生长性能和肠道健康状况,添加2%的酵母膏优势更明显。饲料中添加乌贼膏对生长性能的提高不如酵母膏明显,且随着添加量的增加,生鱼生长性能和肠道健康状况有下降的趋势。 相似文献
2.
摄食促进物对凡纳滨对虾生长及血清生化组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过6周的饲养试验,研究了饲料中分别添加3%蔗糖、0.46%香味剂、0.5%酵母膏、0.4%鱼溶浆等4种摄食促进物对初始体重约0.4g凡纳滨对虾生长性能和血清生化组成的影响。结果发现,0.5%酵母膏组增重率、特定生长率最高,但与其它处理组无显著差异(P>0.05);饲料系数0.4%鱼溶浆组最低(P>0.05),日摄食率在0.4%鱼溶浆组达到最高,与其它处理组(除0.46%香味剂组)差异显著(P<0.05);成活率对照组最高,但与其它处理组(除0.5%酵母膏)相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。全虾粗蛋白无显著差异(P>0.05);粗脂肪含量以对照组最低,显著低于其它处理组(P<0.05);3%蔗糖组、0.4%鱼溶浆组灰分含量最低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清总蛋白含量对照组最高,其次是0.5%酵母膏组,两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组胆固醇含量最低,低于0.46%香味剂组,两组间差异不显著(P>0.05),与其它3组相比差异显著(P<0.05);甘油三酯和血糖含量对照组最低。本试验结果表明,添加摄食促进物对凡纳滨对虾生长影响不显著,但添加0.4%鱼溶浆显著影响了对虾的日摄食率,促进对虾摄食。添加摄食促进物能提高脂肪的蓄积,明显降低虾体灰分含量,同时使对虾血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著升高。 相似文献
3.
乌贼膏是水产饲料中优良的诱食剂和营养补充剂,有浓烈的墨鱼腥香味,其氨基酸种类齐全且平衡性好,同时富含高不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是EPA+DHA高达35%,具有重要的营养价值与生理功能。然而,乌贼膏的脂肪、水分含量高且变异性大,易发生氧化变质及蛋白腐败,严重制约了乌贼膏的品质和有效利用。本文就乌贼膏的营养特性及新鲜度作一简述,旨在为饲料企业生产者更全面、合理地认识、把控和使用乌贼膏提供参考。 相似文献
4.
中草药添加剂对中华绒螯蟹生长及生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以河蟹作为研究对象,在蛋白含量为35%与38%的两种基础饲料中分别添加0.5%的中草药,并监测其生长性能及生化指标。结果显示:蛋白含量为38%的2号基础饲料对河蟹的促生长效果最优,中草药添加组对河蟹的生长性能并无显著性作用,但是添加中草药后,显著提高了河蟹的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并降低了碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。试验结果证实,添加中草药饲料可有效地提高河蟹机体的非特异性及抗氧化水平。 相似文献
5.
在饲料中分别添加0.5%和1%的酵母膏,另用1%的酵母膏和1%的棉粕替代2%的鱼粉,配成3种试验饲料,分别命名为酵母膏1、2、3组。以基础饲料和添加0.01%喹乙醇的饲料作为对照,饲养平均初重约为18g的异育银鲫8周。结果表明,酵母膏1组和2组的增重率显著高于对照组,酵母膏3组增重率高于对照组,但差异不显著。试验组增重率与喹乙醇组的差异也不显著。饲料系数和蛋白质效率与增重率结果相一致。在温度变化和抓捕协迫下,摄食含酵母膏的试验组摄食量显著高于对照组,喹乙醇组的摄食量显著低于对照组。此外,喹乙醇组的转氨酶活性也显著高于对照组。酵母膏的促生长作用和抗应激作用可能与其所含丰富的游离氨基酸、核苷酸、β-葡聚糖、甘露寡糖等有关。研究结果提示,酵母膏在异育银鲫饲料中的适宜添加量为0.5%,在协迫因子较多的情况下建议短时间添加至1%。 相似文献
6.
中华绒螯蟹的营养研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
１蛋白质和氨基酸需要关于河蟹蛋白质需要量的研究，国内多数学者是根据河蟹蟹体组织蛋白质的组分，作为设计配合饲料蛋白质组分的主要依据，同时结合河蟹对天然饵料的选择摄食习性，进行试验设计。徐新章等（１９８８）用２０μm～４０μm胶囊饲料饲养蚤状幼体，以蚤状幼体变态为大眼幼体的成活率为分析指标，结果表明，饲料蛋白质的适宜含量为４５％。韩小莲等（１９９１）根据幼蟹体蛋白的氨基酸组成，以贻贝、糠虾、乌贼、玉米蛋白粉、黄豆粉为主要蛋白源，研究指出河蟹从大眼幼体至II期幼蟹饲料蛋白质含量为４５％，幼体蜕皮时间短、… 相似文献
7.
试验旨在研究饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉及补充鱿鱼膏和甜菜碱对黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）摄食和生长性能的影响。试验一：以含30%鱼粉饲料作为基础饲料，然后采用玉米蛋白粉替代基础饲料中10%、15%、20%、30%和40%的鱼粉，配制成6种等蛋等脂的试验饲料，投喂平均体重（105±0.23）g的黄颡鱼8周。结果表明：当鱼粉的替代量达到30%时，黄颡鱼的增重率、摄食率、蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率与对照组相比显著下降23.9%、11.2%、21.1%和22.9%，饲料系数显著升高9.5%（P < 0.5）。试验二：以含30%鱼粉饲料作为基础饲料，玉米蛋白粉替代30%鱼粉为负对照组，在负对照组饲料中分别添加1%鱿鱼膏、2%鱿鱼膏、0.5%甜菜碱和1%甜菜碱，配制成6组等蛋等脂的试验饲料。以6种试验料投喂平均体重（100±0.15）g的黄颡鱼8周。结果表明：鱿鱼膏对摄食低鱼粉饲料黄颡鱼的生长性能和饲料利用没有显著提升效果（P > 0.05），在低鱼粉饲料中添加0.5%甜菜碱后，黄颡鱼的增重率和摄食率较负对照组显著提升33.9%和8.3%，但仍显著低于对照组（P < 0.05），不同甜菜碱添加量组之间没有显著差异（P > 0.05）。综上可知，玉米蛋白粉可替代饲料中20%的鱼粉而不会对黄颡鱼的生长性能和饲料利用产生负面影响，当替代达到30%及以上时会产生负面影响|在饲料中添加0.5%甜菜碱可以改善摄食和饲料利用。
[关键词] 黄颡鱼|玉米蛋白粉|鱼粉替代|鱿鱼膏|甜菜碱 相似文献
8.
本试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同诱食剂对黄颡鱼摄食和生长性能的影响。选取体重为(505.9±15.5)g的黄颡鱼160尾,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组2个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别在对照组日粮基础上添加0.2%虾浆、0.2%DMPT和0.2%甜菜碱,试验期为8周。结果显示,与对照组相比,各诱食剂添加组黄颡鱼日摄食量、终末体重、增重率、特定生长率均显著增高(P0.05),饲料系数则显著降低(P0.05)。虾浆和甜菜碱添加组终末体重显著高于DMPT添加组(P0.05),甜菜碱添加组增重率和特定生长率显著高于DMPT添加组(P0.05),各诱食剂添加组间饲料系数无显著差异(P0.05)。各组间摄食率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:由此得出,本试验条件下,饲料中添加虾浆、DMPT和甜菜碱3种诱食剂均能够促进黄颡鱼摄食和生长性能,虾浆和甜菜碱对黄颡鱼摄食和促生长效果优于DMPT。 相似文献
9.
《饲料工业》2019,(18):42-47
为研究刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)蛋白质营养代谢机制,本实验通过配制高、中、低蛋白质水平的饲料投喂刺参进行养殖实验,利用传统营养与饲料学方法,研究了刺参在不同蛋白质营养条件下生长性能、氮收支方程和机体氨基酸组成的差异。结果表明:刺参摄食11%蛋白水平饲料时特定生长率最高(1.72%/d);刺参摄食蛋白质水平为11%饲料时氮收支方程为100C_N=40.76F_N+20.19G-N+39.05E_N,生长氮占摄食氮比例最大达到20.19%,显著高于1%和21%蛋白水平饲料组。氨基酸分析表明,刺参第一限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸和色氨酸,11%蛋白水平饲料组鲜味氨基酸和总氨基酸最高,11%和21%蛋白水平饲料组必需氨基酸含量显著高于1%蛋白水平饲料组。该成果将为刺参蛋白质营养需要量的确定、生态型营养与饲料的研究与开发提供重要的理论支撑。 相似文献
10.
豆粕和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以初始平均体重为(112.21±0.73)g的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus)为研究对象,进行为期70d的摄食生长试验,研究不同添加水平的发酵豆粕和不发酵豆粕对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响。试验共配制8种等氮等能的饲料,其中以全鱼粉饲料为对照组(饲料1);豆粕取代饲料主要以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,其中,发酵豆粕分别替代17.6%、31.4%、45.1%和60.8%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料2～5),普通豆粕蛋白分别替代17.6%、31.4%和45.1%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料6～8)。结果表明,饲料中不同水平的豆粕替代量对卵形鲳鲹的成活率和摄食无显著影响(P0.05),但当豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到45.1%时,会显著降低卵形鲳鲹的特定生长率、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率(P0.05)。饲料中用发酵豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到60.8%时,也显著降低卵形鲳鲹的增重率、饲料利用率(P0.05)。但是与豆粕替代组相比,在45.1%的鱼粉蛋白替代水平下,发酵豆粕组的增重率和饲料利用率显著高于普通豆粕替代组(P0.05)。 相似文献
11.
1. The nutritive value of squilla meal, which contained 339 g crude protein, 18.6 g ether extract, 72.8 g calcium, 17.2 g phosphorus and 7.13 MJ of apparent metabolisable energy/kg, was examined in 5 experiments with broilers.
2. Squilla meal contained less lysine (3.45 vs 6.74 g/16g nitrogen) and methionine (1.02 vs 1.86/16 g nitrogen) dian fish meal, had a lower protein digestibility coefficient (0.66 vs 0.72) and a lower gross protein value (68% vs 74%).
3. By gradually replacing the fish meal with squilla meal in isocaloric, isonitrogenous broiler diets it was shown that there was a linear decrease in broiler weight gain; efficiencies of food utilisation were also lower at all squilla meal substitution rates. Inclusion of squilla meal in the diets increased intestinal lengths.
4. Addition of a proteolytic enzyme to the diets containing squilla meal restored broiler weight gain and efficiency of food utilisation to that of birds fed on the control diet.
5. Diets containing autoclaved squilla meal resulted in reduced weight gain although efficiency of food utilisation was not affected. 相似文献
12.
E. A. MARTIN 《British poultry science》1998,39(5):612-621
1. Ducklings were given diets with vegetable protein (VP) and 0 or 600 g rice bran/kg; fish meal (60 g/kg) and a phytase (+,-) were added to the diets (VP + AP). An additional 40 g soyabean meal/kg was added to the diet with rice bran (VP ++). Amino acid digestibility and mineral retention were measured in the lower ileum of ducklings killed at 23 d of age. Acid insoluble ash was used as an inert marker. Trypsin and amylase activities were also measured and weights of the pancreas and small intestine recorded at slaughter. 2. Addition of soyabean meal (VP ++) to the diet with rice bran improved growth rate and food intake compared to the diet without (VP) and gave the same food intake and growth rate as the comparable basal diet (VP) without rice bran. Fish meal improved growth rate on the diets without rice bran and improved food intake on this diet (VP + AP). Rice bran depressed growth rate and food conversion ratio (FCR); protein source affected growth rate, food intake and FCR; phytase increased food intake only. There were several interactions. 3. Determined total amino acid composition of the diets appeared to meet the essential amino acid requirements of ducklings. Rice bran depressed the ileal digestibility of virtually all amino acids and phytase had no direct effect, although there were interactions. Fish meal addition to diets with rice bran improved the apparent digestibility of several essential amino acids as well as that of dry matter and crude protein. 4. Ileal retention of some minerals and tibia ash content were reduced by rice bran. Fish meal and phytase inclusion increased P retention and ash in tibia. 5. Higher intestinal trypsin activity and increased pancreas size were seen in ducklings on diets with rice bran compared to those without. Intestinal amylase activity was reduced in ducklings given rice bran, probably because of its low starch content. 6. The stimulating effect of fish meal on duckling performance was probably caused in part by the improvement in the digestibility of some amino acids. The addition of small amounts of minerals in fish meal may have increased mineral retention. Phytase gave benefits anticipated from our previous work, but also improved lysine and threonine digestibility in diets containing vegetable protein only. 相似文献
13.
Mandal TK Parvin N Mondal S Saxena V Saxena AK Sarkar S Saha M 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(2):191-197
Amino acid (AA) levels in plasma and body growth were determined in rats (n20) fed diets with different soya bean meal levels. Free AA in plasma was determined by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. We have used four levels of protein diets like 8%, 15%, 23% and 35% in this trial. Rats which were fed the low-protein (8%) diet with low percentage of soya bean meal were found to be growth-retarded. The body weight gain of high protein group (35%) was lower than that of the 23% groups. In the rats fed with the low-soya bean meal diet, some nonessential AA (NEAA) in plasma like asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid and serine increased, whereas the essential AA (EAA), with the exception of arginine, methionine and valine decreased. Here, plasma EAA-to-NEAA ratios were not correlated to growth and experimental diet. We hypothesize that AA metabolism is associated to changes in growth in rats on different protein intake. This study has showed the sensitivity of body mass gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate of rats to four levels of protein in the diet under controlled experimental conditions. 相似文献
14.
Thirty-six four-way cross (Chester White X Landrace X Large White X Yorkshire) growing barrows and gilts were used to investigate the effects of replacing graded levels of protein from soybean meal with equivalent levels of protein from rubber seed meal in 16% CP semipurified diets on the performance characteristics, hematocrit, plasma metabolites and N utilization of pigs. The first diet (control) was largely cornstarch-soybean meal in which the soybean meal supplied all of the CP. In other diets, rubber seed meal replaced 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively, of the protein of soybean meal in the control diet. Twenty gilts were used in a 28-d growth trial and 16 barrows were used in an 8-d digestion trial (4-d collection). There were no differences (P greater than .05) in ADG, ADF intake and in the feed:gain ratios, even though there was a trend for lower ADG and gain:feed ratio as the level of rubber seed meal increased in the diet. There were no differences in hematocrit, but plasma protein and albumin tended to be depressed when rubber seed meal provided more than 10% of the dietary protein. Apparent digestibilities of GE, DM and N were lower with rubber seed meal at 20% of the protein than with any other diet, but apparent N retained and the percent of digested N retained were not depressed significantly (P greater than .05). Although rubber seed meal protein is of poorer quality than soybean meal protein for growing pigs, at least 10% of dietary protein can be provided by rubber seed meal without adversely affecting growth and N utilization. 相似文献
15.
P. RICHEZ A. REGNIER Y. RUCKEBUSCH 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1980,3(2):121-124
The influence of food intake on the absorption of a water-soluble aspirin, lysine-acetylsalicylate, was examined in six healthy adult mongrel dogs. Single-dose kinetics were determined following ingestion of 90 mg/kg of lysine-acetylsalicylate in dogs either fasted for 12 h or following a standard meal of either dry food or the same meal containing 20% of olive oil. Concurrent intake of food both reduced the serum salicylate concentration for 3 h after administration, and reduced the total amount of drug absorbed as reflected by the area under the plasma concentration/time curve(AUC). The effects were more pronounced following the fatty meal. Data from this investigation suggest that lysine-acetylsalicylate is therapeutically effective, without side effects when taken at the rate of 80 mg/kg at 12 h intervals, during or after feeding rather than before feeding. 相似文献
16.
L.A. RUBIO A. BRENES I. SETIEN G. DE LA ASUNCION N. DURAN M. T. CUTULI 《British poultry science》1998,39(3):354-359
1. Four experiments with growing broiler chickens were carried out to study the effects of the inclusion in their diets of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius ) seed meal on E. coli and lactobacilli counts in crop, ileum and caeca at 3 or 4 weeks of age. 2. Diets were formulated to contain the same amounts of metabolisable energy (12.55 MJ/kg) and protein (210 g/kg). Raw whole (heat-untreated) or dehulled sweet (low in alkaloids) lupin seed meal (400 and 320 g/kg respectively) were used to prepare the lupin-based diets, whose protein content was completed with either defatted soyabean meal or casein. 3. Final body weight and food intake of chickens fed on whole lupin seed meal diets were lower than controls, but gain: food ratios were not different. However, birds given the diet with dehulled lupin seed meal had similar body weight, food intake and gain: food values as those of controls. 4. While E. coli counts were not affected, lactobacilli numbers were consistently increased compared to controls in all intestinal sections of chickens fed on the whole or dehulled lupin-based diets, irrespective of the age of the birds or the presence of soyabean meal or casein in the diet. The lactobacilli species isolated were: Lactobacillus fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. brevis 5. The results suggest that the use of whole or dehulled sweet lupin seed meal in diets for growing broilers might enhance the growth of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria in the gut. 相似文献
17.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平大麻籽粕对生长育肥猪生产性能及猪肉品质的影响。选用体重约35 kg猪216头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复9头猪。在等能等氮条件下,大麻籽粕添加水平为35~60 kg（0,4%、8%、12%）;60～110 kg（0、8%、12%、6%）。结果表明：（1）大麻籽粕的不同添加水平均未显著影响生长肥育猪的日增重、日采食量和饲料利用率（P＞0.05）;（2）不同添加水平的大麻籽粕对猪肉品质的影响不显著（P＞0.05）;（3）肌肉、肝、血清和血浆中均未检出四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚和大麻酚。大麻籽粕作为蛋白质饲料资源,可部分替代豆粕,安全地应用于生长肥育猪生产中。 相似文献
18.
The effects of dietary level of lysine and of level and source of CP on voluntary feed intake, growth performance, plasma free amino acids, and carcass characteristics were investigated in a study involving 60 female and 60 castrated male Large White finishing pigs (from 42 to 101 kg live weight) with ad libitum access to feed. Six treatments were compared according to a 2 x 3 factorial plan, with two levels of lysine (.55 and .65% selected below the recommended levels for both sexes) and three types of CP (N x 6.25) supply: a 13% CP diet based on wheat, peanut meal and soybean meal; a 15.6% CP diet providing the same amino acid pattern as that of the basal diet; and a 15.2% CP diet containing the same levels of essential amino acids as the 13% CP diet, with the addition of glutamic acid as a source of nonessential amino acids. By maintaining a constant amino acid pattern separate changes in dietary lysine and CP levels resulted in a relative independency of their effects on feed intake, growth performance, and body composition. Muscle gain increased with supplementary lysine, with a lower response at the lower CP level (13%). At the same level of lysine (.55 or .65%), increasing protein content from 13 to 15.6% did not affect feed intake, but growth rate was lower and feed/gain was increased, partly because of an additional energy cost resulting from catabolism of excess protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
19.
Adding 3 or 6% crab meal to the diets of turkeys between 1 d and 4 weeks of age resulted in their average body weight being increased by 5.2 or 6.8% and food consumption by 4.2 or 5.8%. Efficiency of food utilisation was not significantly changed. However, the addition of 5% crab meal to the diets of turkeys between 4 and 8 weeks of age resulted in average body weight gain and food consumption being increased by 1.4 and 1.3% respectively (P>0.05).
By adding 5% herring fish meal to the diets of poults from 4 to 8 weeks, body weight gain was increased by 2.0% (0.05<P<0.1), but food consumption was decreased by 2.3% and efficiency of food utilisation was increased by 4.2% indicating that fish meal contains a larger quantity of metabolisable energy than crab meal.
The addition of erythromycin at a rate of 13.5 or 20.4 mg/kg increased body weight gain by 4.5% and efficiency of food utilisation by 4.4% during the period between 4 and 8 weeks of age. No significant interactions among the dietary factors on the measurements studied in these experiments were observed. 相似文献
20.
Food deprivation and feeding of broiler chickens is associated with rapid and interdependent changes in the somatotrophic and thyrotrophic axes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Buyse J Decuypere E Darras VM Vleurick LM Kühn ER Veldhuis JD 《British poultry science》2000,41(1):107-116
1. In several experiments, hormonal changes in the somatotrophic axis, growth hormone (GH) sensitivity to a GH-secretagogue, thyroid hormones and their metabolising enzymes and plasma glucose levels were measured in relation to food deprivation and reinitiation after a single daily meal in 4- to 5-week-old male broiler chickens. 2. Floor-reared male broiler chickens were fed ad libitum or were restricted to a daily food intake of 40 or 45 g per d from the age of 2 weeks onwards. The daily food allowance was consumed in 0.5 h. 3. Food deprivation increased plasma GH concentrations but decreased GH-dependent variables such as plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. Hepatic inner ring deiodinating type III activity was markedly elevated, presumably as a consequence of low hepatic GH receptor numbers, and is thought to be the causal mechanism for the low plasma T3 concentrations. Food intake reversed these variables in a time-related manner. 4. GH pulsatility characteristics, as calculated by deconvolution analysis, revealed profound changes between food restricted and ad libitum fed animals. Chickens deprived of food for about 23.5 h were characterised by an enhanced pulsatile GH release as reflected in the higher GH secretory burst amplitude, GH mass per burst, GH production rate and GH pulse frequency. These variables returned very quickly to normal values after refeeding. 5. In summary these experiments taken together demonstrate very clearly the interdependent and time-related changes of the somatotrophic and thyroid axes upon a single meal in previously food-deprived broiler chickens. 相似文献