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1.
Numerous attempts have been made to develop angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from various sources of food protein. Generally chicken leg bones are discarded after industrial chicken meat processing without any substantial benefit. In previous studies, chicken leg bone proteins were hydrolyzed by various enzymes and the results demonstrated that Alcalase hydrolysates have considerable ACE inhibiting activities. In this study, the best ACE inhibitory hydrolysate (A4) (which was derived from chicken leg bone protein by Alcalase after 4 h incubation) was orally administrated (50 mg/kg bw) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) to investigate its antihypertensive effects. After oral administration of A4, a maximal reduction activity of about 26 mmHg was found at 4 h and maintained to 8 h. Moreover, SHRs treated with A4 (50 mg/kg bw/day) for eight weeks exhibited a reduction in systolic blood pressure, which is as significant as the effects of Captopril ( P  < 0.05). These results suggested that chicken leg bones have a high potential for utilization to develop ACE inhibitors as potential food ingredients intended to alleviate hypertension.  相似文献   

2.
In order to produce angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for application in functional food, chicken bones were gathered from a meat processing factory and then hydrolyzed with Alcalase, pepsin and trypsin for 12 h. The hydrolysates were lyophilized, stored at ?80°C and tested experimentally every 2 h for pH value, peptide content, degree of hydrolysis (DH), electrophoresis and activity of ACE inhibitor. The hydrolysates of Alcalase had the highest peptide content and DH. The components of more than 66 kDa had disappeared in hydrolysates of Alcalase and trypsin after 2 h of hydrolysis. The hydrolysates of Alcalase were more active in inhibiting ACE, especially when hydrolyzed at 4 and 8 h, and also had low IC50 values of 1.960 and 0.945 mg/mL. According to the results of DH and electrophoresis, the higher activity of ACE inhibitor is assumed to be derived from the low molecular peptides in hydrolysates of Alcalase. Chicken leg bone has a high potential to be utilized to develop ACE inhibitory peptides as a potential ingredient of functional food intended to alleviate hypertension.  相似文献   

3.
This study aims to identify peptides with angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in hydrolysate from chicken leg bone protein hydrolyzed with alcalase for 4 h (A4H). The hydrolysate has demonstrated potent in vitro ACE inhibitory activity, and has been shown to attenuate the development of hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A4H is competitive for ACE and was separated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a gel filtration column (Superdex Peptide HR 10/30). The results show that A4H is a mixed non-competitive inhibitor. Eighteen fractions were detected after separation of A4H, and most of them showed ACE inhibitory activity. Five fractions with strong ACE inhibitory activities (above 50%) were labeled from A to E. In addition, there were 10 peptides, consisting of 5–10 amino acid residues that were identified from fraction D that exhibited the strongest ACE inhibitory activity. Three of the identified peptides corresponded to peptides derived from collagen type I and chicken muscular protein. It is revealed that A4H has several peptides that possess ACE inhibitory activities.  相似文献   

4.
The purposes of this research were to use fig protease for texture tenderizing, and to inhibit angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) action and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) formation of meat. Liberated peptides by the enzymatic action of fig protease in processing meat and free amino acids were determined and ACE inhibitory activity was assayed. Meat treated with fig protease became tender as indicated by shear force value (SFV) which was half of those of non‐fig treated meat during storage even at 5°C. Liberated peptides, free amino acids and GABA increased while extremely low levels of Glu were detected after storage. The optimal temperature of fig protease against meat was 80°C. However, the activity of fig protease decreased after pre‐heating more than 40°C. High ACE inhibitory activity of a mixture of fig and meat was found around 80°C, and the value corresponded to the amount of liberated peptide. A lot of liberated peptides were found at 60–80°C and pasterization of meat product becomes convenient to produce peptides. Production of ACE inhibitory peptides and GABA can be expected as the healthy functional meat product such as antihypertensive activity and improve brain function.  相似文献   

5.
以绵羊乳酪蛋白为原料,采用中性蛋白酶水解制备生物活性肽,研究酶解时间对酶解产物水解度和血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制率的影响,利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对水解产物进行分析和鉴定,筛选具有潜在ACE抑制作用的生物活性肽.结果表明:酶解时间达到300 min时,水...  相似文献   

6.
To search for a novel angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide, porcine skeletal troponin was hydrolyzed with pepsin. This hydrolysate showed ACE inhibitory activity, and was applied to various kinds of chromatography to separate an active peptide. Analysis using a protein sequencer identified this peptide as RMLGQTPTK (9mer). This sequence was estimated to occur at the 44–52 position of troponin C, and its 50% inhibitory protein concentration (IC50) was 34 µM. RMLGQTP (7mer), a partial peptide of 9mer, showed activity with an IC50 of 503 µM. RP‐HPLC analysis of a reaction mixture of 9mer and ACE showed that 9mer was slowly hydrolyzed by ACE. On the other hand, 7mer was rapidly hydrolyzed by ACE. Activity of 9mer was reduced as its hydrolysis by ACE proceeded. To estimate the resistance of 9mer to digestive proteases after oral administration, it was reacted with pepsin, α‐chymotrypsin, or trypsin. In each of these reaction mixtures, a significant amount of 9mer remained as a substrate after digestion. Remaining ACE inhibitory activity was close to that of 9mer. These results suggest that 9mer might not be digested after oral administration, because of its relatively high resistance to digestive proteases. Therefore, 9mer might be expected to work well in vivo as an ACE inhibitor.  相似文献   

7.
为了研究绵羊抗菌肽NK-Lysin主要活性区的生物学功能,试验设计并合成了3对功能区多肽片段,并利用径向扩散试验和最小抑菌浓度对其抗菌活性进行检测,分析了合成多肽对鸡血红细胞的毒性作用,筛选出抗菌效果最好的多肽对沙门氏菌攻毒的雏鸡进行治疗,检测其治疗效果。结果表明,合成多肽对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌具有抑制活性,多肽片段长度、多肽C-端有无酰胺化及多肽内的二硫键是否成环对多肽的抗菌活性均有影响;筛选出的2个多肽在治疗雏鸡沙门氏菌攻毒的过程中能够明显降低死亡率,对雏鸡心脏、肝脏、肾脏的病理损伤也明显小于对照组。本研究结果为绵羊抗菌肽NK-Lysin作为候选抗菌药物的开发奠定了基础。  相似文献   

8.
In order to study the biological function of the main active region of sheep antimicrobial peptide NK-Lysin, three pairs of functional domain peptide fragments were designed and synthesized the antibacterial activity was detected by radial diffusion test and minimal inhibitory concentration. We analyzed the toxic effects of chicken red blood cells and screen the best peptides for treatment chicken challenged by Salmonella pullorum in this study. The rusults showed that synthesized peptides were inhibitory to Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum. Fragment length of peptides, C-terminal amidation and peptide inner loop were essential to antibacterial activity. Two of synthesized peptides were used to treat chichen challenged by Salmonella pullorum which obviously decreased the mortality of chicken. The pathological damage of heart,liver,kidney were less than that of control group. This study laid a foundation for the development of the sheep NK-Lysin peptides as candidate antimicrobial agents.  相似文献   

9.
目的：观察牦牛乳酪蛋白降血压肽对应激性高血压大鼠（stress induced hypertensive rats,SIHR）和正常Wistar大鼠的降压效果,并与降压药物厄贝沙坦（irbesaran）和卡托普利（Captopril）的作用效果进行比较。方法：采用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶水解制备牦牛乳酪蛋白降血压肽,分别以20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg和60 mg/kg剂量的牦牛乳酪蛋白降血压肽一次灌胃,每隔2 h测量SIHR收缩压（SBP）,连续测量8 h;长期实验持续6周,每天60 mg/kg一次灌胃,每隔1周测量SBP一次。结果：SIHR给予牦牛乳酪蛋白降血压肽后,血压均显著下降（P〈0.05）,并均在灌胃后3-6 h达最低,血压下降最大幅度为（27±5.13）mmHg,呈现一定的量效关系;而正常大鼠给予牦牛乳酪蛋白降血压肽后血压无显著变化,服用厄贝沙坦和卡托普利后血压则保持显著下降的趋势。长期灌胃牦牛乳酪蛋白降血压肽可使SIHR血压明显下降（P〈0.05）,并且降压效果稳定。结论：牛乳酪蛋白降血压肽对SIHR有明显的体内降压效果,长期服用可稳定血压,对正常大鼠血压无明显影响。  相似文献   

10.
发酵乳经乳酸菌发酵水解后含有丰富的多肽类物质,发酵乳源生物活性肽不仅具有丰富的营养价值,还具有抗氧化、降血压、抗菌等多种生物功能.本文综述发酵乳中多种功能生物活性肽,阐明乳酸菌蛋白酶导致的生物活性肽多样性,解析抗氧化肽、抗高血压肽、抗菌肽和其他功能活性肽的作用机制、多肽序列及构效关系,最后介绍了生物活性肽的序列鉴定与功...  相似文献   

11.
In order to reconstruct the system for identification of short antigenic peptides, the chicken BF2 gene of Chinese Sanhuang (SH) chicken line was linked to the beta(2)m gene via (G4S)3, a linker encoding a 15-amino acid glycine-rich peptide, by splicing overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR). The MBP-BF2-(G4S)3-beta(2)m fusion protein was expressed and purified in a pMAL-p2X/E. coli TB1 system. The purified MBP-BF2-(G4S)3-beta(2)m protein was cleaved by Factor Xa protease, and further purified by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. The conformation of the BF2-(G4S)3-beta(2)m protein was determined by circular dichroism (CD). In addition, the refolded BF2-(G4S)3-beta2m protein was used to bind three predicted nonameric peptides derived from the hemagglutinins of the avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes. The BF2-(G4S)3-beta2m-associated peptides were detected by mass spectrometry. The molecular weights and amino acid sequences of the peptides were confirmed by primary and tandem mass spectrometry analysis, respectively. The results indicate that the secondary structures and predicted three-dimensional crystal structure of BF2-(G4S)3-beta(2)m are similar to those of the monomers of chicken BF2 and beta(2)m. The BF2-(G4S)3-beta(2)m protein could bind two of the three predicted nonamer peptides derived from AIV hemagglutinin. The experimental system demonstrated that the reconstructed BF2-(G4S)3-beta(2)m protein complex can be used to identify nonamer peptides, including T-cell epitopes in chicken.  相似文献   

12.
To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water‐soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207–1989 and 81–369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52 716–136 643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat.  相似文献   

13.
Effects of different chemical additives on peptide composition in ensiled alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were investigated by using gel filtration and determination of N characteristics. The alfalfa silages were prepared untreated (control) or with formic acid, formaldehyde or tannic acid as additives at ensiling. All additives reduced non‐protein N (NPN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) and amino acid N (AA‐N) in the ensiled forage, and the most effective reduction of NPN and AA‐N was observed in the formaldehyde‐treated silages. Peptides in the control silage were mainly dipeptides to peptides with five amino acid residues. Most peptides in the formic acid‐treated silage contained 4–12 amino acid residues. Although most peptides in the formaldehyde‐treated silages contained 4–6 amino acid residues, there was a considerable proportion of peptides with 7–11 amino acid residues. Tannic acid had little effect on peptide size of ensiled alfalfa extract in which most peptides contained 5–6 amino acid residues. Peptide size in formic acid‐treated alfalfa silage was greater than that in the other treatments. Addition of formic acid and formaldehyde not only increased the peptide concentration in alfalfa silage, but enlarged the peptide size.  相似文献   

14.
In general, there is a lack of scientific documentation of nutritional value of marine by‐products. The bone fraction from fish has been regarded as waste. Due to the high mineral content of fish bones, this material can be well suitable as a natural calcium source. In the present study, apparent calcium absorption of different fish bone sources was tested using growing pigs. The experimental diets consisted of boiled salmon frames, or salmon, saithe or cod bones treated with enzymes. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as control. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.7% total calcium of which the added calcium source to be tested contributed about 71% (study 1) and 86% (study 2). Except for the calcium and phosphorus sources, the animals received similar basal diets. Apparent calcium digestibility coefficient was calculated using yttrium as indicator (both studies) and was based on complete collection of faeces and urine (study 2). The experimental design was parallel and cross‐over in study 1 and study 2, respectively. In study 1, piglets getting salmon bone treated with enzymes had significantly higher calcium absorption than piglets getting boiled fish bone or calcium carbonate. Therefore, in the second study only enzymatically treated fish bones were included. The higher calcium absorption from enzymatically treated salmon bone was also found in study 2, but this time not significant. Calcium from boiled salmon bones in study I, and from enzymatically treated saithe and cod bones in study II were absorbed as well as the calcium carbonate control. The results indicate that fish bones may be a useful and well absorbed calcium source. Due to the high mineral content of the bone fraction, salmon bones can be well suitable as a natural calcium and phosphorus source in, for example, food, feed or as supplement.  相似文献   

15.
CMAP27, a novel chicken cathelicidin-like antimicrobial protein   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
  相似文献   

16.
Glucagon‐related peptides, such as glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1, GLP‐2 and oxyntomodulin (OXM), are processed from an identical precursor proglucagon. In mammals, all of these peptides are suggested to be involved in the central regulation of food intake. We previously showed that intracerebroventricular administration of chicken OXM and GLP‐1 significantly suppressed food intake in chicks. Here, we show that central administration of chicken GLP‐2 potently suppresses food intake in chicks. Male 8‐day‐old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used in all experiments. Intracerebroventricular administration of chicken GLP‐2 significantly suppressed food intake in chicks. Plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased by chicken GLP‐2, whereas plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration was significantly increased. Intracerebroventricular administration of chicken GLP‐2 did not affect plasma corticosterone concentration. In addition, the anorexigenic effect of GLP‐2 was not reversed by the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist α‐helical CRF, suggesting that CRF is not a downstream mediator of the anorexigenic pathway of GLP‐2 in chicks. Intracerebroventricular administration of an equimolar amount of GLP‐1 and GLP‐2, but not OXM, significantly suppressed food intake in both broiler and layer chicks. All our findings suggest that GLP‐2 functions as a potent anorexigenic peptide in the brain, as well as GLP‐1, in chicks.  相似文献   

17.
Two types of proteins including blood plasma protein and blood cell protein were isolated from silkie fowl (Gallus gallus) blood and hydrolyzed using alcalase for 0, 2, 4 and 6 h. The blood plasma protein hydrolysate (BPH) and blood cell protein hydrolysate (BCH) were analyzed for pH value, peptide content and antioxidative properties. The significantly higher peptide contents were observed in BPH than that of BCH, which showed that blood plasma protein was more suitable to hydrolysis by alcalase than blood cell protein. Both BPH and BCH showed strong 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating ability. BPH at 4 h of hydrolysis (BPH4) demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant capacity than those treated by alcalase in most of the assays. The BPH4 was separated using ultra‐filtration and assessment of the fractions and indicated that low molecular weight of peptides (< 3 kDa) possessed greater DPPH scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating ability and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation. These results show that BPH has the potential to be ingredients in the food industry as a replacement of synthetic antioxidants.  相似文献   

18.
Hydroxyapatite, a mineral form of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) that gives bones their rigidity, is the major and essential component of bones and teeth in the human and animal body. A suitable ratio of Ca and P is vital for bone growth. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary calcium to available phosphorus ratios (Ca/AP) on bone metabolism and osteoclast activity of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) signalling pathway in piglets. At days 15 and 29, the piglets were assessed for growth performance, blood indicators, cytokines and the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway. Our results showed that piglets fed a dietary Ca/AP ratio of 2:1 increases growth performance and regulates blood indicators and cytokines (parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), vitamin D3 (VD3), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) content). We also demonstrated that this ratio affects hormone secretion and further bone metabolism through the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway of osteoclasts. These results indicate that a suitable dietary Ca/AP ratio is vital for bone growth and reduce the incidence of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, providing a practical basis for the raising of piglets.  相似文献   

19.
为了比较具有凝乳功能的Paenibacillus spp.BD3526来源的金属蛋白酶与基因重组凝乳酶对乳蛋白水解位点的差异,采用BD3526金属蛋白酶和凝乳酶对αs1-酪蛋白(casein,CN)、αs2-CN、β-乳球蛋白(lactoglobulin,Lg)和κ-CN进行酶解,分别对不同时间的酶解产物采用高效液相色谱与四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography of quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)进行分析.结果表明:BD3526金属蛋白酶与凝乳酶在对乳蛋白的水解位点上具有较高的相似性,前者对αs1-CN、αs2-CN、β-Lg和κ-CN水解能力较后者弱,对P1为K(Lys)、R(Arg)且P1'为T(Thr)、F(Phe)和Y(Tyr)间的肽键水解特异性很高,并主要水解K-T (Lys-Thr)、K-F (Lys-Phe)、R-F(Arg-Phe)、R-Y(Arg-Tyr)肽键,水解生成的肽具有血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制、抗菌、免疫调节等功能.  相似文献   

20.
To improve the functional properties of peanut meal protein for wide utilization, hydrolysis was conducted by alcalase. Compared with saline and peanut meal protein, intragastric administration of low molecular weight (<1 kD) peanut meal peptide (PPH I) could significantly prolong swimming time, increase levels of blood sugar, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver glycogen and decrease blood lactate content in mice. Levels of Pro, Leu, Val and His in low molecular weight peanut meal peptides were higher significantly than those in other peanut meal protein hydrolysates. Hydrophobic amino acids, such as Pro, Tyr and His, could perhaps capture free radical and increase antioxidant capacity of peanut peptide and retard fatigue induced by free radical. After separation by HPLC, a primary peptide P1, Pro‐Glu‐Ile‐Glu‐Val, was sequenced. Its N‐terminal was Val, and it was rich in antioxidant amino acid, Pro and Ile. Levels of plasma glucose, NEFA and liver glycogen in PPH I group were higher than those in mice intragastric administration with peptide P1, and the swimming time is longer in PPH I group than in P1 group. So, the high content of P1 was one of the reason why PPH I had high endurance‐enhancing capacity.  相似文献   

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