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[目的]研究二倍体野生棉与四倍体栽培棉间的遗传亲缘关系,进一步探索各棉种间的起源与进化.[方法]以5个二倍体基因组的代表种B1(异常棉)、C1(斯特提棉)、E2(索马里棉)、F1(长萼棉)以及G1(比克氏棉)的基因组DNA(gDNA)为探针,以2个四倍体栽培种(陆地棉中棉所16、海岛棉新海7号)有丝分裂中期染色体为靶DNA,进行了基因组原位杂交(Genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)分析.[结果]以B1、E2和F1gDNA为探针时,杂交信号主要分布在2个栽培种较长的13对A亚组染色体上;各产生3对较强的GISH-NOR信号,其中1对分布在较长的A亚组上,2对分布在较短的D亚组上,其GISH-NOR信号强度与分布情况与以D基因组棉种为探针时相似.说明二倍体B、E、F基因组与四倍体棉A亚基因组具有较高的同源性,亲缘关系更近.这一点与它们的地理分布情况相符;而它们基因组中的45S rDNA重复序列与二倍体D基因组的45SrDNA重复序列同源性较高.C1和G1中以gDNA为探针时,杂交信号分布在2个栽培种全部26对染色体上,无法区分开A或D亚组染色体,都有3对较强的GISH-NOR信号.这一现象与D基因组拟似棉(D6) gDNA为探针的GISH相似,表明二倍体C和G基因组与四倍体棉的A和D亚基因组均具有较高的同源性,或者C和G基因组同时含有A基因组(或其他非洲棉基因组)和D基因组成分,进一步证实了其基因组成分的杂合性;而它们基因组中的45S rDNA重复序列同属D基因组类型.[结论]这些发现可为棉花杂交育种和棉属起源与演化研究提供有用信息. 相似文献
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《棉花学报》2017,(1)
【目的】研究二倍体野生棉与四倍体栽培棉间的遗传亲缘关系,进一步探索各棉种间的起源与进化。【方法】以5个二倍体基因组的代表种B1(异常棉)、C1(斯特提棉)、E2(索马里棉)、F1(长萼棉)以及G1(比克氏棉)的基因组DNA(gDNA)为探针,以2个四倍体栽培种(陆地棉中棉所16、海岛棉新海7号)有丝分裂中期染色体为靶DNA,进行了基因组原位杂交(Genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)分析。【结果】以B1、E2和F1gDNA为探针时,杂交信号主要分布在2个栽培种较长的13对A亚组染色体上;各产生3对较强的GISH-NOR信号,其中1对分布在较长的A亚组上,2对分布在较短的D亚组上,其GISH-NOR信号强度与分布情况与以D基因组棉种为探针时相似。说明二倍体B、E、F基因组与四倍体棉A亚基因组具有较高的同源性,亲缘关系更近。这一点与它们的地理分布情况相符;而它们基因组中的45S rDNA重复序列与二倍体D基因组的45S rDNA重复序列同源性较高。C1和G1中以gDNA为探针时,杂交信号分布在2个栽培种全部26对染色体上,无法区分开A或D亚组染色体,都有3对较强的GISH-NOR信号。这一现象与D基因组拟似棉(D6)gDNA为探针的GISH相似,表明二倍体C和G基因组与四倍体棉的A和D亚基因组均具有较高的同源性,或者C和G基因组同时含有A基因组(或其他非洲棉基因组)和D基因组成分,进一步证实了其基因组成分的杂合性;而它们基因组中的45S rDNA重复序列同属D基因组类型。【结论】这些发现可为棉花杂交育种和棉属起源与演化研究提供有用信息。 相似文献
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比克氏棉色素腺体形态建成与棉酚代谢特性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】对比克氏棉(G.bickii Prokh)种子形成过程和种子萌发过程中的色素腺体形态建成特点、色素腺体与棉酚含量的动态关系及其分子机理进行探究。【方法】以比克氏棉为材料,进行组织切片观察、棉酚含量测定并分析对种子萌发期色素腺体形成及棉酚合成基因的表达谱。【结果】比克氏棉在种胚形成过程中,子叶上形成大量色素腺体原,并在种子萌发后12 h形成腔体结构,转换成成熟的色素腺体;比克氏棉种胚形成过程及种子萌发过程中均未检测到棉酚,但从种子萌发12 h开始可以检测到较低含量的棉酚。种子萌发期色素腺体形成及棉酚合成相关基因表达谱分析结果表明,GoPGF基因在比克氏棉种子萌发12 h的子叶上表达量较高,与比克氏棉色素腺体形成有关;法尼基焦磷酸合成酶(FPS)基因在种子萌发24 h的子叶上表达量较高,可能与棉酚向子叶色素腺体转运有关;CYP706B1基因在种子萌发0 h较高,HMG1基因在种子萌发0 h、36 h和48 h的子叶上表达量均较高,说明这两个基因与种子萌发后色素腺体腔的形成有关,并参与棉酚的贮运;杜松烯合酶基因(CAD1-A)和HMG2基因与比克氏棉色素腺体形成无密切关系。【结论】种子萌发后的12 h为比克氏棉子叶色素腺体形态建成的关键时期,且色素腺体的形态建成与棉酚出现的时间具有同步性。GoPGF、FPS、CYP706B1、HMG1参与色素腺体的形成及棉酚的转运。 相似文献
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亚洲棉、比克氏棉和海岛棉种间杂种的合成及性状研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用（亚洲棉×比克氏棉）Ｆ１双二倍体为母本与海岛棉的不同色素腺体基因型进行杂交，获得（亚洲棉×比克氏棉）×海岛棉种间杂交三种杂种（简称（亚×比）×海三种杂种，下同）．（亚×比）×海三种杂种植株整体性状似海岛棉亲本，但营养生长旺盛，植株高大，并兼有三个亲本的一些形态特性。（亚×比）×海三种杂种花粉高度不育，但雌配子部分可育。海岛棉的不同色素腺体基因型对（亚×比）×海三种杂种的色素腺体在现有较大的影响，其中Ｇｌ２Ｇｌ２Ｇｌ３Ｇｌ３所产生的（亚×比）×海三种杂种，其种子尚有少量色素腺体，但植株为正常色素腺体类型；而ｇｌ２ｇｌ２ｇｌ３ｇｌ３所产生的（亚×比）×海三种杂种虽种子无色素腺体，但植株为少色素腺体类型，Ｇｌｅ２对（亚×比）×海三种杂种的色素腺体的影响与ｇｌ２ｇｌ２ｇｌ３ｇｌ３相同，只是杂种植株色素腺体的减少现象是更明显。此外，本文对比克氏棉子叶色素腺体延缓发生性状的遗传及其转育途径和技术进行了讨论。 相似文献
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利用RAPD分子标记技术对棉属24个种进行了种质资源遗传多样性研究,并用棉属近缘植物杨叶肖槿为参考对照,旨在从DNA分子水平上进行亲缘关系鉴定和系统分类。在40个RAPD引物中筛选出多态性高的引物26条,多态性条带比率为2l.0%。使用NTSYS-pc（Version 2.00）软件,及Jaccard’s相似系数UPGMA法进行聚类,表明材料之间存在较大的遗传多样性,对20个二倍体棉种进行遗传相似系数比较,说明旱地棉和绿顶棉、澳洲棉之间的亲缘关系最远;对异源四倍体棉种与A和D染色体组棉种的遗传相似系数比较结果表明,异源四倍体棉种与A染色体组中的草棉和亚洲棉,相似系数都较高,说明在四倍体棉种演化过程中草棉和亚洲棉起的作用是等比例的;异源四倍体棉种与雷蒙地氏棉的遗传相似系数显著高于与其他参试的D染色体组棉种,证明异源四倍体棉种的D染色体组供体种为雷蒙地氏棉,并支持异源四倍体棉种单系统发育起源学说,A染色体亚组的草棉或亚洲棉与D染色体亚组的雷蒙地氏棉两者杂交和染色体加倍后形成原始的异源四倍体棉种,并随着地理和遗传的趋异而分化形成不同的四倍体棉种;RAPD分子标记聚类结果与传统的分类结果基本相符,说明RAPD分子标记资料可用于棉属植物的分类和系统发育研究。 相似文献
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棉属具有丰富的种质资源,将抗病性从野生棉转移到陆地棉中,以此提高陆地棉抗病性是一条理想的育种途经。本研究通过陆地棉和C组野生澳洲棉远缘杂交获得杂种F1,对其进行染色体加倍,将加倍的异源六倍体再与B组野生绿顶棉杂交,产生陆地棉、澳洲棉、绿顶棉的异源四倍体杂种。异源四倍体杂种继承了亲本的部分性状,同时也产生了如蔓生等特异性状;该杂种减数分裂后期染色体不能均等分离,四分体时期有多分体和微核出现;SSR结果发现,该杂种不仅具有三个亲本的特征条带,并且产生了新的重组成分。本研究不仅为该异源四倍体杂种不育提供了直接原因,也为进一步探讨有效的育性恢复方法及棉花新种质创制提供了依据,同时为利用野生棉资源控制棉花黄萎病育种探索培育了中间材料。 相似文献
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四倍体栽培棉与二倍体野生棉杂种PMC-FISH研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首次将PMC-FISH（花粉母细胞荧光原位杂交）技术应用于四倍体栽培棉与二倍体野生棉杂交所形成的三倍体杂种棉F1中,成功的鉴定了目标染色体中的单价体、双价体、多价体,还发现在非目标染色体上有星状和片段状的杂交信号。在以A组棉基因组DNA作为探针的PMC-FISH中,分别对三倍体杂种棉F1及其母本四倍体栽培棉的减数分裂中期I的染色体构型进行了鉴定。结果显示,四个三倍体杂种棉F1的减数分裂时期染色体的构型分别是：陆地棉(AD)1×雷蒙德氏棉（D5）为1IIIaad + 1IIaa + 4IIad + 7IIdd + 5Ⅰa + 7Ⅰd;海岛棉(AD)2×旱地棉（D4）为1Ⅴaaaad +1IIIadd + 2IIad + 8IIdd + 6Ⅰa + 5Ⅰd;陆地棉(AD)1×澳洲棉（C3）为2IIIadd (adc or acc) + 1IIaa + 9Ⅰa + 4IIcc (dc or dd) + 14Ⅰd (c);陆地棉(AD)1×南岱华棉（C1-n）为：1IIaa + 1IIad (ac)+ 10Ⅰa + 6IIcc (dc or dd) + 13Ⅰd (c)。然而,两个四倍体棉染色体的构型都是13IIaa + 13IIdd。上述结果还显示, AD×D的两个杂种组合中,二价体多,单价体少,AD×C的两个杂种组合中,二价体少,单价体多;并且AD×D型杂种中A亚组染色体单体的数目比其在AD×C型杂种中的更少。这说明,与C染色体组相比较,D染色体组与四倍体棉种的亲缘关系更近。同时,我们的结果也证明PMC-FISH技术在分析三倍体杂种棉F1的亲缘关系中起着不可取代的作用。 相似文献
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CHEE Peng W 《棉花学报》2008,(Z1)
The cultivated Gossypium A genome diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum and the allotetraploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense share common morphology for various floral traits,which offers an ideal system in which to investigate genetic mechanisms that differentiate diploid and tetraploid genomes.For example,knowing how a single phenotype behaves in the diploids,and comparing the same trait with different dosage effects in the tetraploids,may provide a means to study inter- and intra-genomic interactions in the polyploid genome. 相似文献
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Research in Tissue Culture of Diploid Cotton Species 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Diploid cotton species provide parental (ancestral) species for tetraploid cultivars and are the key germplasm resources for cotton genetic improvement. In addition, diploid cotton species supply excellent materials for mutant library construction and functional genomics. Diploid cotton species originated from Asia- Africa, America, Oceania regions with rich genetic diversity. The tissue culture research mainly involves regeneration of plant organs and cell culture, protoplast culture, somatic culture and fusion. The regenerated plants have been obtained in Gossypium klotzschianum, G. gossypioides, G. arboreum, G. davidsonii, G. raimondii, G. stocksii, G. nelsonii, G. bickii, etc. Among them, regenerated plants in shoot tip culture were only obtained in G. arboreum, G. bickii. Regenerated plantlets in protoplast culture were obtained in G. klotzschianum, G. davidsonii. Interspecific hybrids between G. hirsutum and diploid cotton of G. klotzschianum, G. stocksii and G. bickii were obtained, respectively. The tissue culture systems of diploid cotton were different from each other, and the strategy is similar to that in woody plants. This paper summarized the progresses in related researches and discussed the future research. 相似文献
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Gossypium species (+49) represent a vast resource of genetic diversity for improvement of cultivated cotton.To determine intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity and relationships,we employed 30 RAPD random detainer primers on twenty eight cotton accessions from 2 diploid cultivated species (G.arboreum,G.herbaceum) and 2 tetraploid cultivated species (G.hirsuturn,G.barbadense). 相似文献
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Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
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Variations of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from three of the four cultivated species of cotton (Malvaceae); Gossypium barbadense L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Gossypium arboreum L. and its synonym Gossypium nanking Meyen., were analyzed. Using specific set of primers, the whole circular cpDNAs from the four test species were amplified.
These were subsequently digested with the use of seven restriction enzymes. The amplified fragments of the whole cpDNAs of
the diploid cultivated cotton G. arboreum and its synonym G. nanking did not show any differences. However, the allotetraploid cultivated cottons G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, showed some fragment length differences directly visible after amplification and two types of restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP), the first appeared as slightly lengthened bands and the other as gain or loss of a restriction site.
The results also showed that the chloroplast genomes of the allotetraploid cultivated cottons are highly similar to the diploid
cultivated cottons tested in terms of length and digestion patterns. The detected amplified length differences, RFLPs and
the restriction sites can be considered as species specific markers for the allotetraploid cultivated cottons, which could
be a useful tool for future studies of the cpDNA of the genus Gossypium L. 相似文献
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ZOU Mei-juan PENG Ren-hai WANG Kun-bo WANG Chtm-ying SONG Guo-li LIU Fang LI Shao-hui ZHANG Xiang-di WANG Yu-hong 《棉花学报》2008,(Z1)
We report in this paper primary studies on interspecific species of cotton vis GISH (genomic in situ hybridization).We use interspecific triploid hybrids (F1 from hybridization of allotetraploid cultivated species with diploid A,D,or C genome species) and two cultivated tetraploids to study the chromosome paring during meiosis of pollen mother cellls (PMCs) and to estimate the consequences on synapsis between these three subgenomes after synthetic polyploid formation. 相似文献