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HNPC-C9908[2-（4-甲氧基-6-甲硫基嘧啶-2-基）氨基甲酰基氨基磺酰基苯甲酸甲酯]是国家南方农药创制中心湖南基地研制成功的具有自主知识产权的一种新型磺酰脲类除草剂,主要用于小麦田各种阔叶杂草和一些禾本科杂草的防除。以蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick为对象, 研究了HNPC-C9908对藻类的毒性效应及其致毒机理。实验结果表明,HNPC-C9908对蛋白核小球藻生长具有明显影响,在低浓度(1 mg/L)时具有刺激藻细胞生长的作用,高浓度(＞25 mg/L)时表现出明显的抑制作用,其对蛋白核小球藻生长的96 h-EC50值为29.12 mg/L。参照国家有关建议评价标准, HNPC-C9908对蛋白核小球藻属于低毒。同时,HNPC-C9908对蛋白核小球藻叶绿素含量也有影响。藻细胞叶绿素含量随药剂浓度的增加而下降,表现出良好的剂量-效应关系。在HNPC-C9908作用下,蛋白核小球藻细胞中可溶性蛋白质含量和两种清除活性氧自由基的关键性酶——超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有明显的变化,低浓度时表现出应激性上升,而高浓度时明显受到抑制,其对藻细胞可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD和POD活性的96 h-IC50值分别为26.27、15.25和13.76 mg/L, 说明SOD和POD活性的降低是HNPC-C9908的存在使蛋白核小球藻产生过量活性氧自由基进而引起膜脂过氧化及细胞膜伤害的原因之一。 相似文献
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新杀虫剂HNPC-A9908对蛋白核小球藻生长的毒性效应研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
研究了肟醚类杀虫剂HNPC-A9908 对蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa生长的毒性效应,结果表明,HNPC-A9908对蛋白核小球藻细胞生长具有一定的抑制作用,其抑制程度与药剂浓度呈正相关。当以丙酮为溶剂时,HNPC-A9908对蛋白核小球藻的96 h-EC50值为3.14 mg/L,以乙酸乙酯为溶剂时为25.2 mg/L。参照国家有关建议评价标准,HNPC-A9908对蛋白核小球藻属于低毒。此外,HNPC-A9908对蛋白核小球藻的光合色素含量也具有一定的影响,其中以对叶绿素a的影响最大。 相似文献
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天然除草活性化合物研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
综述了近年来国内外从天然产物中开发具有除草活性化合物的研究概况,着重介绍一些可能具有除草剂开发潜力的植物和微生物源化合物,并对生物除草剂的发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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化合物的除草活性筛选是开发新除草剂的最初和最重要的阶段。为准确地评价化合物的活性和提高试验的重复性和可靠性，在进行试验时必须考虑到试材、剂量、方法、条件及环境条件等的一致性。 相似文献
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对羟基苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶抑制剂筛选方法研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对羟基苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶(HPPD)是植物体正常生长所必需的质体醌和生育酚生物合成路径中的关键酶,已成为当前最重要的除草剂作用靶标之一。发展快速、可靠的HPPD抑制剂筛选方法对研究小分子化合物与HPPD之间的相互作用,以及开展基于靶酶结构的新型HPPD抑制剂设计均具有重要意义。结合HPPD的结构和功能,文章从生物分析的角度分别就高效液相色谱、同位素标记、偶联法、电化学及简易筛选模型等方法在HPPD抑制剂筛选中的运用进行了总结,并对发展HPPD抑制剂的高通量筛选方法进行了展望。 相似文献
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为明确虫害诱导水稻脂氧合酶OsRCI-1的生化特性,通过构建水稻脂氧合酶OsRCI-1重组蛋白原核表达体系,对重组蛋白催化条件进行优化,并研究小分子化合物对OsRCI-1活性的影响。结果表明,缓冲液pH和反应温度都能影响水稻OsRCI-1蛋白的催化活性,当缓冲液pH为7.0时催化活性最佳,为169.9 mol·mg~(-1)·min~(-1);在检测的20~50℃反应温度范围内,在25℃和45℃时出现2个催化活性高峰,分别为68.2 mol·mg~(-1)·min~(-1)和70.4 mol·mg~(-1)·min~(-1)。利用建立的OsRCI-1活性检测体系筛选出4种小分子化合物,即水杨苷异羟肟酸、水杨酸、叔丁基对二苯酚和茉莉酸,均对水稻OsRCI-1活性具有调控作用,抑制中浓度依次为0.12、418.67、232.84、2 747.19μmol/L。表明本试验所建立的靶向水稻脂氧合酶活性化合物鉴定体系可用于活性小分子化合物的快速、高通量筛选。 相似文献
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G.M.L.W. Kroes E. Sommers W. Lange 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):561-568
Two types of in vitro seedling tests were developed to evaluate resistance in flax (Linum usitatissimum) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini. In the first test a solid medium was used. The second test was based on a liquid medium. Disease severity was assessed after three weeks, using the observed reduction of plant length as a scale. Both methods proved to be useful for screening for resistance, for evaluating race specificity of resistance and for studying symptomatology. The solid medium method proved to be the more accurate for the screening, but the liquid medium method was much less time- and labour-consuming. The results of the tests were significantly correlated with observations under field conditions. 相似文献
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The use of Chlorella for biological estimation of atrazine in soil The use of a Chlorella culture in well-defined experimental conditions permits the estimation of atrazine bioactivity in soil without preliminary extraction. The determination was made with a non-absorbant material (sand). In this way, atrazine concentrations of 0.10 μg g?1 of sand could be detected and from 0.45 μg g?1 of sand determined accurately. Examples of applications are given for soils of very different composition. Comparison with the oat-seedling method shows that the method proposed gives results of similar magnitude. 相似文献
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Leena Tripathi John Odipio Jaindra Nath Tripathi Geoffrey Tusiime 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(1):9-19
The banana Xanthomonas wilt disease (BXW) has threatened the livelihood of millions of farmers in East Africa. Use of resistant varieties is the
most cost-effective method of managing this bacterial disease. A reliable and rapid screening method is needed to select resistant
banana varieties. An in vitro screening method was developed for early evaluation of Xanthomonas wilt resistance using small tissue culture-grown plantlets. Eight cultivars of banana were screened with sixteen isolates
of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum using this method. There were significant differences (P < 0.0001) in susceptibility among the various banana cultivars tested, whereas no significant difference (P = 0.92) in pathogenicity was observed between the pathogen isolates. The cv. Pisang Awak (Kayinja) was found to be highly
susceptible and Musa balbisiana resistant. Nakitembe was found to be moderately resistant while cvs Mpologoma, Mbwazirume, Sukali Ndiizi, FHIA-17 and FHIA-25
were susceptible. The susceptibility of these cultivars was further tested in vivo by artificial inoculation of potted plants
with similar results. This study shows that an in vitro screening test can serve as a convenient, cheap and rapid screening
technique to discriminate BXW-resistant from BXW-susceptible banana cultivars. 相似文献
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Six sulphonyl derivatives of polychlorobenzenes and 15 sulphonyl derivatives of diphenyl ethers were tested as potential algaecides against two species of algae, Chlorella fusca and Anabaena variabilis. The most algaecidal compounds were the nitrophenyl sulphonylphenyl ethers and the chloronitrophenyl sulphonylphenyl ethers, some of which compared well with the known herbicide nitrofen by the screening method used. 相似文献
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Selection of biological control agents for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases in the field 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
I.M.B. Knudsen J. Hockenhull D. Funck Jensen B. Gerhardson M. Hökeberg R. Tahvonen E. Teperi L. Sundheim B. Henriksen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(9):775-784
Different screening methods for selection of biological control agents (BCAs), for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases, are discussed. The shortcomings of laboratory methods focused on mechanism of action are discussed and we conclude that these methods should be used with caution if candidates with multifactorial or plant mediated mechanisms of control are to be obtained. In vitro screens may be useful for specific groups of microorganisms, thus, screens for antibiotics may be relevant for Streptomyces spp., and promising results have been obtained using soil plating or precolonized agar methods to screen for mycoparasitism and competitive saprophytic ability. Experience with screening in the Nordic programme Biological control of seed borne diseases in cereals is summarized. Research in the four participating countries – Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark – followed the same paradigm: that of obtaining antagonists, well adapted to different Nordic environments, and developing them as effective BCAs. Potential antagonists were isolated from different sources and in planta screening methods were developed in order to optimize selection of antagonists effective against a range of seed borne pathogens. Screens in the laboratory or greenhouse were followed by screening in the field. The different screening procedures are compared and evaluated. 相似文献
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The pathogenicity of Phytophthora cambivora to Mission almond seedlings was confirmed by twig inoculation in situ. An excised twig assay using four isolates of P. cambivora showed almond cvs Mission and Chellaston to be susceptible, whereas peach cv. Nemaguard, which is commonly used as a rootstock for almond, was resistant. P. cambivora isolates 179 and 108, the most and least aggressive, respectively, were selected for further studies. The excised twig assay was modified for screening micropropagated shoots in vitro for response to P. cambivora. Defoliated shoots were placed upright in agar medium colonized with the fungus, and development of necrosis was assessed over a period of 2-3 days. Shoots of Chellaston developed extensive necrosis and those of Nemaguard developed little necrosis, whereas shoots of hybrid selections from peach x almond crosses were generally intermediate in response. This method permits rapid and efficient screening of large amounts of material, and would be a useful adjunct to conventional almond breeding programmes. 相似文献
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文中从古尔班通古特沙漠采集的沙样中,运用96孔板有限稀释法分离出两种形态各异的微藻物种GTD8A1和GTD9C2,形态学初步鉴定分别为绿藻门小球藻目和环藻目。利用GenBank中绿藻门不同科属种类序列的18S核糖体RNA基因保守区和28S核糖体RNA基因保守区分别设计18S rDNA特异性引物和5.8S rDNA-ITS区特异性引物。以自行设计的18S rDNA特异性引物与5.8S rDNA-ITS区特异性引物分别对以上两个物种进行PCR和测序后,经blastn比对,系统发育树及遗传距离分析,结果表明GTD8A1可能与Chlo-rella sp.MBIC10595为同一个物种,GTD9C2可能为Desmodesmus multivariabilis种内的一个变种。 相似文献
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Philion Vincent Carisse Odile Paulitz Timothy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(5):441-452
As part of an ongoing research project on biological control of apple scab, this study presents a novel approach for the in vitro selection of potential antagonists of the saprophytic phase of Venturia inaequalis. A collection of forty-two fungal isolates were tested for their in vitro ability to degrade apple leaf tissue, inhibit pseudothecia, and ascospore production. The inhibition of ascospore production cannot always be linked reliably with leaf degradation or the evaluation of pseudothecia production. Consequently, ascospore production was retained as the most useful screening parameter. Six isolates proved to significantly reduce the ascospore production of Venturia inaequalis. Two were as effective as Athelia bombacina, a previously reported antagonist of pseudothecia formation and inhibited over 98% of the ascospore production. These new organisms are now available for future field tests. Future selections from a large collection of fungal and bacterial saprophytes can now be based on a reliable and simple in vitro screening method. 相似文献
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应用稻苗离体叶片法筛选水稻纹枯病新农药活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用水稻离体叶片法测定了农药对水稻纹枯病的活性。结果表明,该法与“植株法”比较有很好的相关性,具有占用空间小、温湿度容易控制、快速、准确等优点,适合于大量化合物的筛选试验。 相似文献
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针对防治玉米瘤黑粉病药剂的筛选，建立了一套应用酶标仪室内快速筛选的方法。采用含药的马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基 (PDB) 进行筛选，初始孢子培养浓度为106个/mL，在摇床中于28 ℃、200 r/min下培养16 h后测定光学密度 (OD) 值，最佳OD值测定波长为590 nm。应用该方法对戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、丙环唑和氟唑环菌胺5种杀菌剂进行筛选，结果表明:戊唑醇和氟唑环菌胺对玉米瘤黑粉病致病菌玉蜀黍黑粉菌有明显的抑制作用，其EC50值均为0.03 mg/L。本研究建立的酶标仪快速筛选方法检测过程快速准确，重复性好，是一种值得推荐的检测方法，可为田间试验提供参考。 相似文献