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1.
We investigated the relationships between starch concentrations and activities of starch synthetic enzymes in sago palms (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) under acid sulfate and mineral soil conditions. Plants grown naturally that had reached their maturated stage were sampled. We found that the growth in acid sulfate soil is lower than that in mineral soil and that starch granules were larger and there was more amylase activity in acid sulfate soil than in mineral soil. Lower amylase activity in mineral soil could eliminate the degradation of starch, making the smaller granules suitable for storing large amounts of starch in a limited space inside cells.  相似文献   

2.
为了探讨多胺提高小麦抗旱性的机理,以两个抗旱性不同的小麦品种(豫麦48,抗旱性较弱;洛麦22,抗旱性较强)为材料,研究了亚精胺对短期渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片渗透调节物质含量以及脯氨酸代谢的调控效应。结果表明,渗透胁迫下,两个小麦品种幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量增加,且抗旱性较强的洛麦22增加幅度显著大于抗旱性较弱的豫麦48;脯氨酸代谢关键酶Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)和Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸还原酶(P5CR)活性增强,且洛麦22的P5CS活性增强幅度大于P5CR。但渗透胁迫处理对两个品种鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)活性影响不大。外源亚精胺处理则进一步提高了渗透胁迫下脯氨酸、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量以及P5CS和P5CR活性,且对抗旱性较弱的豫麦48效应较明显,但对两个品种的OAT活性基本没什么影响。这些结果表明,外源亚精胺处理能通过提高脯氨酸合成代谢谷氨酸途径的关键酶P5CS和P5CR的活性促进脯氨酸和可溶性糖的积累,从而提高小麦幼苗的保水性,增强其抗旱性,对抗旱性较弱的小麦品种的效果更加明显。  相似文献   

3.
The cultivar and environmental variation of beta -amylase activity was studied using two barley cultivars with contrasting growth properties. There was a significant difference in beta -amylase activity between the two cultivars used, 92-11 being significantly higher than Xiumai 3. A significant variation in beta -amylase activity was detected between grains at different positions within a spike. The two cultivars showed the same pattern, with top grains showing the highest and bottom ones the lowest activities. The relative difference within a spike varied between the cultivars, with 92-11 being larger than Xiumai 3. Both seeding rate and timing of N application dramatically affected the beta -amylase activity. With N application at the booting stage, beta -amylase activity increased, mainly due to the significantly increased beta-amylase activity in the topmost grains. The bottom grains showed a lower response to timing of N application. The variation in protein content and grain weight between cultivars and among the various treatments was also examined. The possible influence of these factors on beta -amylase activity are discussed.  相似文献   

4.
为探讨灌浆前期高温对六倍体小黑麦籽粒淀粉积累及其相关合成酶活性的影响,以4个春性小黑麦品种（系）为材料,在开花后5~14 d于田间搭建温棚进行高温胁迫,对其籽粒淀粉积累动态、淀粉合成相关酶活性进行了研究。结果表明,开花后5~14 d高温胁迫导致小黑麦千粒重和容重均显著下降,其中,千粒重下降5.95%~20.47%,容重下降3.33%~9.49%;籽粒中的总淀粉、支链淀粉与直链淀粉含量均显著降低,依次下降6.84%~17.97%、7.70%~24.60%及2.27%~7.17%,直/支链淀粉比有所升高,但差异不显著。在高温胁迫期间,小黑麦籽粒中与淀粉合成相关的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPP）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）、淀粉分支酶（SBE）及淀粉去分支酶（DBE）活性均较对照有所上升,高温胁迫结束后,AGPP、SSS、DBE的活性均较对照有所下降。推测灌浆前期高温胁迫导致灌浆中后期小黑麦籽粒中淀粉合成相关酶活性的下降是籽粒中淀粉含量降低以及千粒重、容重下降的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
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6.
木薯内源ABA含量与块根淀粉积累关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以淀粉含量不同的木薯品种‘辐选01’和‘华南124’为材料,通过测定木薯内源脱落酸(ABA)含量、淀粉积累过程中的关键酶活性以及淀粉积累量,探讨ABA含量与块根淀粉积累的关系。结果表明:不同淀粉含量的木薯品种其内源ABA含量存在差异,尤其在生育后期表现尤为明显;淀粉含量高的品种叶片、茎秆和块根的ABA含量、块根腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPpase)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)及淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性高于淀粉含量低的品种;结果表明,叶片ABA含量与块根的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)及淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性呈极显著正相关,与蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性呈显著正相关。茎秆ABA与腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPpase)呈显著正相关,与可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)以及淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性呈极显著正相关;块根ABA含量与块根腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPpase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性呈极显著正相关,与蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性呈现正相关,与块根淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性呈极显著负相关。茎叶、块根ABA含量与块根淀粉积累均呈现极显著正相关。可见,木薯内源ABA在块根淀粉积累中有重要调节作用。本研究为高产、高淀粉木薯品种的选育与栽培提供理论支持和实践指导。   相似文献   

7.
Protein concentrates and starches were prepared by a wet extraction process from five dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. The protein contents ranged from 69.7–76.4%. Concentrates prepared from dehulled beans under similar conditions had higher protein contents (80.6–87.9%). Each additional washing of the concentrates with distilled water increased their protein content. However, the protein recovery progressively decreased. The yield of starch ranged from 48.0–51.1% of the starting material. The solubility of bean proteins was minimal at pH 4.0, and under alkaline conditions, it was influenced by the tannin contents of the concentrates. Protein concentrates had lower trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amylase inhibitory activities as well as lower phytic acid and tannin contents compared to whole bean flours.  相似文献   

8.
The characteristic of proteins, starch and pectic substances in cotyledons of two bean cultivars varying in cooking time were determined to investigate their possible contribution to bean cooking quality. Both cultivars showed the same enthalpies of starch gelatinization but different protein denaturation enthalpies. The proportion of hot water soluble pectins was higher in Michigan, the cultivar with the lower cooking time, than in Ojo de Cabra, the cultivar with the higher cooking time. These results were not due to differences in pectin methylation or in the ratio of monovalent to divalent cations in the tissue, suggesting that in fresh beans the β-elimination reaction is not the sole or predominant route of thermal pectin degradation. Overall, this study indicates that varietal differences in bean cooking quality may be reflections of the rate of pectin loss during soaking/heating and that the thermal properties of starch and protein fractions seem to have a minor contribution. Researchers involved in this study propose that in fresh beans, the thermal pectin loss results from a two step mechanism: pectin enzymic breakdown during the bean soaking followed by thermal solubilization rather than β-elimination during the bean heating.  相似文献   

9.
测定匍匐茎内淀粉酶活力是否存在及其变化是鉴定马铃薯匍匐茎内是否有淀粉合成发生的途径之一。本研究以不同成熟期马铃薯品种、不同生长时期匍匐茎为试验材料,测定其淀粉酶活力。数据分析表明:早熟品种匍匐茎较早表现较高淀粉酶的活性,其后随着匍匐茎的生长逐渐平稳或下降,晚熟品种匍匐茎较晚出现淀粉酶的活性,其后随着匍匐茎的生长逐渐升高;就同一成熟期品种而言,从匍匐茎基部至顶端其淀粉酶活力逐渐上升;研究结果表明,匍匐茎生长期间其内部存在淀粉的生物合成,不同成熟期品种匍匐茎生长不同时期和不同部位淀粉酶活力存在差异。  相似文献   

10.
采用恒温培养箱,在黑暗条件下进行发芽试验,观察杂草稻中胚轴伸长的动态过程,分析杂草稻中胚轴伸长过程中籽粒淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量的变化及相互关系。结果表明,黑暗条件下发芽后1d到3d,杂草稻中胚轴伸长非常慢,发芽后4d到5d中胚轴伸长加快,发芽后7天中胚轴伸长逐渐停止,其最终长度显著长于辽粳294。杂草稻发芽过程中,籽粒α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量均呈逐渐上升趋势。可溶性糖含量与α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性均呈极显著正相关。中胚轴伸长长度与籽粒α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量也均呈极显著正相关。杂草稻发芽初期淀粉酶活性增强,促进了籽粒中淀粉水解为可溶性糖,为中胚轴伸长生长提供了物质和能量基础。  相似文献   

11.
The chemical composition, including the proximal composition, cyanide and amino acid concentrations of leaves and root tissues, as well as the starch and sugar concentrations of root peel and parenchyma, of low-(M Col 113), intermediate-(M Col 22 and the hybrid CM 342-170) and high-(M Col 1684) cyanide-containing cassava cultivars at four plant ages (6, 8, 10 and 12 months) is presented. The local cultivar (M Col 113) showed lower leaf and root parenchyma dry matter contents, lower crude fiber and crude protein levels in root peel, a higher sugar content and lower cyanide concentration in root tissues, than the other three cultivars (M Col 22, CM 342-170 and M Col 1684). Most of the parameters studied were affected by the cultivar as well as by plant age. Less variability was observed for all criteria in the root parenchyma than in the leaves and root peel. The sulfur-containing amino acids were low in all tissues analyzed and a high concentration of arginine was found in the root tissue samples. The cyanide concentration of root parenchyma was less variable than that of leaves and root peel; the cultivar M Col 1684 showed a higher cyanide concentration in the parenchyma (900 to 1000 mg/kg DM) than the other three cultivars, which ranged from 100 to 200 mg/kg DM. The local cultivar (M Col 113) was the only one in which the cyanide concentration in leaves was higher than that of the root peel. The hybrid CM 342-170 produced roots with the highest dry matter and starch concentrations.  相似文献   

12.
Eriobotrya plants are known to have significant amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, and exhibit a strong antioxidant activity. Experiments were conducted to examine variation in the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities in the leaves of 11 Eriobotrya species (Tibet loquat, Daduhe loquat, Hengchun loquat, Taiwan loquat, Oak leaf loquat, Bengal loquat, Fragrant loquat, Guangxi loquat, Obovate loquat, Big flower loquat, and common loquat, the last species include two materials, one is a cultivar ‘Zaozhong 6’, another is a wild tree). In these species, ‘Zaozhong 6′ loquat is a cultivar. The leaf extracts of ‘Tibet’, ‘Obovate’, ‘Taiwan’, ‘Bengal’ and ‘Hengchun’ loquats exhibited significantly higher contents of total flavonoids and total phenolics, compared with those of other species. Of these 11 species, the highest contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids were observed in ‘Tibet’ and ‘Obovatae’ loquats, respectively. The significantly stronger antioxidant abilities assessed by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power were obtained in the leaf extracts of ‘Taiwan’, ‘Tibet’, ‘Bengal’, ‘Oak leaf’, ‘Hengchun’ and ‘Obovate’ loquats, compared with the other species. In addition, significant correlations were found between the contents of total phenolics or flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity/reducing power. This work indicates that the leaf extracts of the wild Eriobotrya species, ‘Tibet’, ‘Obovatae’, ‘Taiwan’, ‘Bengal’, ‘Oak leaf’ and ‘Hengchun’ loquats, exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, and significantly stronger antioxidant activities, compared with the cultivated species, ‘Zaozhong 6′ loquat, which suggests that these wild species have a better utilization value.  相似文献   

13.
Coloured potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) rich in anthocyanins are gaining increasing interest on the markets, mainly due to beneficial health effects. Potato varieties containing colour pigments are therefore utilized more and more in actual breeding programmes. In this study, 10 purple-fleshed potato cultivars were compared in their resistance to soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pc) with 10 white/yellow-fleshed potato cultivars. The results revealed that coloured potato cultivars exhibited on average better resistance to soft rot than white/yellow-fleshed potato cultivars. On tuber halves of purple-fleshed cultivars, the extent of rotting caused by Pc was on average 28.6% lower than on white/yellow-fleshed cultivars. The greater resistance of coloured potatoes coincided with the presence of anthocyanins, higher concentrations of soluble phenols and elevated polyphenol oxidase activity in tuber tissue. These three components were significantly correlated with the extent of rotting caused by Pc. However, coloured and white/yellow-fleshed cultivars were not very different in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activity. There were also no significant differences in concentrations of dry matter, starch, crude protein and glycoalkaloids. Key findings reveal that total soluble phenols and anthocyanins contributed crucially to resistance expression in tuber tissue of coloured potato cultivars.  相似文献   

14.
Amylase activity and qualitative changes in amylase isoenzymes as a function of barley seedling age were investigated in 10 Brazilian barley cultivars. All cultivars showed few isoenzymes in early germination. An increase in general activity ensued in the following days when new isoenzymes were detected and those already observed since early germination had their activity increased. All cultivars disclosed increase in amylase activity until the third or fourth day of germination. Some cultivars maintained this high activity until the last day analysed. Other cultivars presented a decrease in activity in the fifth or sixth day. No electrophoretic pattern or allelomorph responsible for a higher amylase activity were detected. Beta -amylase activity was always superior to alpha -amylase activity. High beta -amylase activity was already observed on the second day of germination while alpha -amylase activity began to increase only from the third day on. The results obtained suggest that, at least for the cultivars analysed, there is a high general amylase activity around the fourth day of germination, indicating that germination could stop at this moment, ensuring that hydrolitic enzyme activity required in the brewing process is met. Beta -amylase was lightly correlated with diastatic power (r=0·565) but no correlation was observed between alpha -amylase and diastatic power (r=-0·128), or neither betweenalpha - and beta -amylase with malting quality (r=0·153 andr =−0·348, respectively). These results indicate that beta -amylase activity in barley grains, more than alpha -amylase, can be a good predictor of diastatic power.  相似文献   

15.
为探索不同温光型专用小麦籽粒淀粉的积累规律及其与植株生长状况的关系,在大田条件下,以2类温光型和3种筋型的小麦品种为材料,研究花后旗叶的生理特性和籽粒淀粉及组分积累情况。结果表明,旗叶中叶绿素含量在灌浆前期(0~21d)维持较高,后期迅速下降,但2个弱筋型品种下降速度缓慢;半冬性品种旗叶中可溶性蛋白含量均大于弱春性品种,而丙二醛(MDA)含量小于弱春性品种,差异均达极显著水平(P0.01)。不同筋型籽粒淀粉组分和总淀粉的积累动态以弱筋型品种最具优势,其直链淀粉含量均在花后14d进入快速增长期,支链淀粉和总淀粉含量在花后28d仍在持续增加,最终以半冬性弱筋品种的籽粒产量和淀粉产量最高(P0.01)。灌浆前期(0~21d),叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量与直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量呈显著和极显著的相关性(P0.01,P0.05);灌浆后期(21~28d),与直链淀粉的相关性不显著,而叶绿素含量与支链淀粉含量的相关性增大。由此可见,旗叶维持较高的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量,较低的丙二醛含量在灌浆前期有利于直链淀粉的积累,后期有利于支链淀粉的积累。  相似文献   

16.
甘薯抗薯瘟病的水杨酸与活性氧的代谢变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究不同抗性甘薯品种受薯瘟病菌侵染后水杨酸(SA)和活性氧(ROS)的代谢变化.结果表明,感染薯瘟病菌12 h后甘薯叶片中SA含量增加,增加量与品种抗性呈正相关;接菌后过氧化氢(H2O2)含量增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,抗病品种变化幅度大于感病品种;接菌后抗病品种提高了与产生H2O2相关的酶过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,而感病品种与此相反,积累H2O2的能力下降,影响系统获得抗性(SAR)的建立.  相似文献   

17.
春小麦籽粒淀粉和蛋白质积累与底物供应的关系   总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19  
利用产量和蛋白质含量不同的三个春小麦品种,在盆栽条件下,研究了籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉和蛋白质积累与可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量变化的关系。结果表明,开花后5～20 d三个品种籽粒可溶性糖含量急剧下降,对应时期的淀粉含量快速上升,后期当可溶性糖含量回升时,其相应淀粉含量下降或增加的幅度很小。籽粒游离氨基酸含量随着灌浆进程渐次降低,品种间蛋白质含量的变化与游离氨基酸的变化一致。所有品种淀粉积累速率变化呈抛物线型变化,高产中蛋白品种的淀粉积累速率最高。进一步认为,可溶性糖作为淀粉合成的底物向淀粉的转化可能更多地依赖于籽粒利用和合成能力的大小,而蛋白质积累更多地直接依赖供应源。  相似文献   

18.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):113-118
Abstract

Two Bupleurum falcatum cultivars, which originated from Jeongseon, Korea and Kumamoto, Japan were grown for two years to clarify the dry matter (DM) production, efficiency for solar energy utilization (Eu) and saikosaponin a,c and d contents in Fukuoka, Japan. Aerial parts, root and total DM production differed with the cultivar both in the first and second years. Generally, DM production correlated with leaf area index, and there was a significant relationship between total DM and Eu in the plants of the first year in both cultivars. High Eu was observed at the flowering stage in both cultivars in both years. The maxium Eu was 1.02-1.23% in the first year and 1.16-2.09% in the second year. Total saikosaponin content was higher in the first year than in the second year. Although the total saikosaponin content was higher in Jeongseon cultivar than in Kumamoto cultivar in the second year, no difference betweeen the two cultivars was observed in the first year. We concluded that annual cultivation with a high saikosaponin content was preferable for the high yield of saikosaponin.  相似文献   

19.
大豆硝酸还原酶活力与硝态氮含量的关系   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
大豆植株主茎硝酸盐含量从基部向上逐渐增加,营养生长期和开花盛期,近幼生茎下段茎节间硝态氮含量较高,结荚期以后幼生茎段硝态氮含量较高。大豆品种间硝态氮含量和硝酸还原酶活力有明显的差异。吉林20号硝态氮含量和硝酸还原酶活力较高,而大白眉较低。大豆品种间内源基质硝酸还原酶活力差异和外源基质硝酸还原酶活力差异结果是一致的。内源基质硝酸还原酶活力和外源基质硝酸还原酶活力都与幼生茎段硝态氮含量呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

20.
The full utilization of legumes as human food is limited by a deficiency of sulfur amino acids, low protein digestibility, low methionine bioavailability and the presence of anti-nutritional factors. A new cultivar ofPhaseolus vulgaris (Carioca 80) has 56.8% available methionine, compared with 29.3% availability in the parent cultivar Carioca. The total methionine content, denaturing gel electrophoretic patterns of methionine-containing proteins, and the percentage of phaseolins (the major storage proteins in Phaseolus) relative to the total protein are similar in the two cultivars. Although the digestibility of the two cultivars is similar, the increased biological value of Carioca 80 may indicate that there are differences in overall bean composition that affect protein hydrolysis and utilization. We suggest the tentative explanation that this is due to differences in the distribution of methionine in the methionine-containing proteins of the two cultivars.  相似文献   

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