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河岸沙丘粒度分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙丘沉积物粒度特征分析是研究风沙地貌过程的主要内容之一。通过野外实地考察与测量,并沿盛行风向对西辽河平原西部响水河两岸的河岸沙丘进行样品采集,经室内激光粒度仪测试,研究河岸沙丘的粒度分布规律。结果表明:1响水河东岸沙丘粒径粗于西岸沙丘。东岸沙丘由迎风坡脚到背风坡中下部粒径总体变细,从两侧坡脚到丘顶分选性逐渐变好。西岸沙丘由两侧坡脚到丘顶粒径变细,偏度趋于正偏,分选均较好。河流砂最细,其平均粒径总体细于东、西岸沙丘砂,分选性好于东岸沙丘,差于西岸沙丘。2东岸沙丘受河流与风力作用可以从较深地层获取沙源,西岸沙丘主要受风力作用从较浅地层获得沙源。 相似文献
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塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙物质粒度特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
本文对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙粒、丘间地沙粒进行了粒度分析。结果表明,沙垅以极细沙为主,平均粒径３．０６Φ,沙粒从沙垅迎风侧到背风侧逐渐变细。沙丘沙比丘间地沙分选好,沙垅背风侧比迎风侧分选好。沙粒属极负偏,偏度－０．２２,丘间地沙比沙丘沙更趋向负偏。峰度１．３８,属尖峰态。粒径与偏度和峰度成正相关,分选和偏度成良好负相关。沙丘沙以单峰态为主,累积频率曲线为２～３段式,丘间地以双峰态为主,累积频率曲线为３～４段。大尺度地形对沙粒段式没有影响,对各段组分含量相对大小有影响。 相似文献
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塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙龙表面沙物质粒度特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙粒，丘间地沙粒进行了粒度分析。结果表明，沙垅以极细沙为主，平均粒径３．０６φ，沙粒从沙垅迎风侧到背风侧逐渐变细。沙丘沙比丘间地沙分选好，沙支背风侧比迎风侧分选好。沙粒属极负偏，偏度－０．２２，丘间地沙比沙丘沙更趋向负偏。峰度１．３８，属尖峰态。粒径与偏度和峰度成正相关，分选和偏度成良好负相良。沙丘沙以单峰态为主，累积频率曲线为２￣３段式，丘间地以双峰态为主，累 相似文献
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敦煌月牙泉景区沙丘表面沙物质的粒度特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
结合风况和蚀积监测数据,系统分析月牙泉南侧线性沙丘、北侧金字塔沙丘表面沙物质粒度特征及其环境指示意义。结果表明:(1)线性沙丘SW坡面以风蚀为主,NE坡面以风积为主,由此导致NE坡面表面沙物质较SW坡面细、分选性好。(2)月牙泉北侧金字塔沙丘SW坡面以风蚀作用为主,沙物质粒径最粗,分选最差。NW坡面也是主要的风蚀面,但由于靠近绿洲防护林,底部以风积为主。E坡面以风积作用为主,沙物质粒径最细、分选最好。(3)从风场、粒度和蚀积变化监测结果来看,对月牙泉危害最大的是南侧线性沙丘NE坡面的积沙。金字塔沙丘SW坡面中部的持续积沙也会对月牙泉构成潜在的威胁。因此,为了更好的保护月牙泉这一自然奇观,应该加强景区周边环境监测与管理。 相似文献
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策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带不同植被沙丘表面风沙沉积物粒度特征分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带不同植被类型下沙丘表层风沙沉积物粒度分布特征进行研究,探讨不同荒漠植被类型下风沙沉积物的沉积规律。结果表明:胡杨、骆驼刺、柽柳、花花柴灌丛沙堆表层沉积物粒级组成均以极细砂(57.20%-60.37%)为主,其次为极粗粉砂(18.47%-21.34%)和细砂(16.56%-19.03%),骆驼刺灌丛沙堆表面整体风沙沉积物平均粒径最细(84.06μm),胡杨沙堆表面整体沙物质平均粒径最粗(88.88μm)。四种植被沙堆表面沙物质的分选性总体上在中等-较好水平,分选系数介于1.44-2.02之间,胡杨沙堆表层沙物质的偏度值在顶部附近属于极负偏,骆驼刺、柽柳、花花柴灌丛沙堆表面沙物质均为负偏。峰度值介于0.95-1.51之间,胡杨沙堆顶部附近及骆驼刺沙堆表层沙物质主要属于窄峰态,柽柳、花花柴沙堆表面沙物质属于中等峰态。沙物质平均粒径与偏度值呈极显著正相关性(p<0.01),沙物质的分选系数与峰度值呈极显著正相关性,沉积物粒度特征空间差异主要受物源、植被高度、冠型、疏透度等因素影响。 相似文献
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克里雅河流域沉积物的粒度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
克里雅河流域由普鲁至米萨来,冲积沙粒径向细递减;沙丘沙一般粗于下伏沙,而冲、洪积下伏地层上的沙丘风成沙则细于下伏沙;高大沙丘粒级组合主要受就近沙源影响。用累计百分数和粒级的φ值作图,求得φ_1、φ_5、φ_(16)、φ_(25)、φ_(50)、φ_(75)、φ_(84)、φ_(95)等8个数值,输入计算机获得最大粒径、中值粒径、平均粒径(M_z)、标准离差(σ_1)、偏度(S_(K1))、峰态(K_G)等值。 相似文献
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阿拉尔-和田沙漠公路机械防沙体系内风沙沉积的粒度特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对阿拉尔-和田沙漠公路沿线机械防沙体系内外地表风沙沉积物进行了系统采样,运用沉积物的粒度分析方法,以流沙区为对照,对比分析了沙漠公路机械防沙体系中阻沙区和固沙区内风沙沉积物的粒度特征。研究发现:(1)从流沙区到阻沙区,再到固沙区,风沙沉积物的粗砂、中砂含量逐渐降低,极细砂、粉砂含量逐渐增加,阻沙区内风沙沉积物的平均粒径减小了31.0%,固沙区内风沙沉积物的平均粒径减小了47.2%。(2)流沙区、阻沙区和固沙区内蠕-跃截点的平均值分别为1.296Φ、1.647Φ、2.188Φ,跃-悬截点的平均值分别为3.893Φ、4.089Φ、4.292Φ,各运动组分的截点均向细端偏移,并且各运动组分的含量也发生了变化,阻沙区和固沙区内蠕移组分含量分别降低了2.378%、5.837%,悬移组分含量分别增加了4.26%、4.294%。(3)固沙区沙粒的分选性最好,偏度SK的平均值为-0.059,表现为近对称,峰态KG为0.939-0.987,表现为中等峰态。 相似文献
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塔克拉玛干沙漠大气降尘粒度特征——以塔里木沙漠公路沿线为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选择塔里木沙漠公路沿线典型下垫面,通过连续野外定点观测、室内粒度分析等手段,研究塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地与复合纵向沙垄区不同地貌部位近地表大气降尘的粒度特征及其空间分异规律.结果发现:沙漠公路沿线大气降尘的平均粒径在3.28Φ～3.47Φ之间,以细砂、极细砂为主,粒径分布呈双峰态,表明降尘来源的多样性.沿线不同下垫面降尘中粒径＜50μm的细粒物质组成差异明显,位于沙漠北部和中部开阔的垄间区是沙尘的潜在源地.复合纵向沙垄区不同地貌部位的降尘细粒物质组成(粒径＜50μm)差异明显,垄间区降尘中的细粒物质含量最高.非尘暴降尘较之尘暴降尘偏细,粉砂和黏土含量更多,分选性更差.大气沉降颗粒的粒度分形维数可以从整体上反映出颗粒物的粒度分布和级配特征,是描述大气沉降颗粒物粒度特征的重要指标. 相似文献
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新疆和田河流域柽柳沙堆表面沙物质粒度特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
柽柳沙堆是新疆和田河流域常见的一种风积生物地貌类型,通过对65个柽柳灌丛沙堆表面325个沉积物样品的粒度进行统计分析.结果显示:柽柳灌丛沙堆表面沉积物主要为粉砂质砂,平均粒径为3.46φ(90.87 μm),属于极细砂的范围;在柽柳沙堆不同地貌部位沉积物的粒级呈现出有规律的变化,明显区分出粗粒组分和细粒组分,两者以4φ(63 μm)为分界线;柽柳沙堆顶部的沉积物粒径最细;迎风坡各部位的粒径比背风坡相应部位的粗,分选比其差.柽柳沙堆流场特征的风洞模拟实验表明,柽柳沙堆表面沉积物粒度的有规律变化为沙堆形态、气流和植物共同作用的结果. 相似文献
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Grain-size characteristics of linear dunes on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake,northwestern China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In order to clarify the formation mechanism of linear dunes on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake, northwestern China, we analyzed the grain-size and sorting parameters of the dune and interdune sands. The surface sands(0–30 mm) from the dune base to the crest of both flanks and interdune corridors were sampled along transects from upwind to downwind through the dune field. The results indicated that the grain-size distribution differed at different positions between and within the dunes. The frequency curve for dune sands mainly showed a bimodal distribution, while the interdune sediments showed a trimodal distribution. The grain size distribution of the linear dunes showed a finer crest pattern, i.e. the crests were composed of sands that were generally finer, better sorted than those of base sands. In addition, at the dune field scale, the dune crest sands were tending to become much finer but sorting became worse along the downwind transects. However, the grain-size parameters of sediments in the interdune corridors showed no clear pattern. The results demonstrated that the grain size and sorting parameters exhibited a systematic change not only at the individual scale but also at the dune field scale. Our results quantitatively estimate the limited role of cohesive sediments on the formation of linear dune under unidirectional wind regime. More attention should be paid to a long-term wind regime observation, internal sedimentary structures and their formation ages. 相似文献
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简单横向沙丘表面物质组成、气流分布及其在动力学过程中的意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对简单横向沙丘的形态特征、气流、表面以及被输移的沙物质组成的观测和分析表明 ,沙丘形态特征和表面物质组成的分异是导致沙物质在迎风坡坡脚不能沉积并向下风向输送的主要原因。对沙丘背风坡气流观测表明 ,在沙丘背风坡贴近地面的一定高度气流仍能保持一定的强度 ,其输沙方向与沙丘走向近似于垂直 ,并有相当强的输沙能力 ,但其作用被限制在背风坡范围内 ,这对保持沙丘形态有重要的作用。在野外风沙观测中气流的湍流和波动被忽略 ,平均风速并不能完全反映野外气流的性质。在低 -中强度风沙活动过程中 ,被输送的沙物质的粒度组成与下垫面物质有明显的差异 ,被输送沙物质的平均粒径小于下垫面沙平均粒径 ,输沙过程是一典型的随机过程。特定区域内 ,一定粒径范围内的沙物质不断被堆积而形成沙丘 ,经过一系列的动力学过程 ,最终形成处于动态平衡的区域沙丘地貌分布格局 相似文献
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Aeolian transport over a developing transverse dune 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The spatial and temporal changes in aeolian transport over a dune are fundamental factors that control the morphology of the dune.In the present study,we obtained direct field observations of aeolian transport over a developing transverse dune at the Shapotou Aeolian Experiment Site in the southeastern part of China’s Tengger Desert.The transport rate versus wind speed relationship is complicated over a developing dune compared with the relationships over flat surfaces and over dunes that are in equilibrium with the wind.We obtained trend lines for transport rate over the transverse dune versus distance.The transport rate generally increased from the toe to the crest above the stoss slope,but the difference in transport rate between the crest and the toe was smaller than those that have been proposed for taller dunes.The crest/toe ratio for transport rates therefore seems to depend greatly on dune height.Flux density profiles for different points above the dune at different wind speeds were well described by the exponential decay law,as has been proposed for saltation flux density profiles.Coefficients in the flux density profile function can be defined in terms of the transport rate and wind speed.However,the dependence of relative decay rate with height and average saltation height on wind speed was weaker than that observed in a wind tunnel and above a flat surface.The preliminary results obtained in this study require more evidence from field observations to fully describe aeolian transport above developing dunes. 相似文献
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Grain size distribution at four developmental stages of crescent dunes in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Although scientists have performed many studies on crescent (barchan) dunes in the Taklimakan Desert,few studies reported the changes in grain size at different development stages of crescent dunes.In order to evaluate the changing trends of surface sediment grain size with dune development,we investigated the grain size characteristics at four developmental stages (oval sand pile,shield dune,incipient crescent dune and mature crescent dune) of crescent dunes by measuring the morphology of sand dune and observing the near-surface wind regime.The dunes have developed in a wide inter-dune corridor between high compound longitudinal ridges in China's Taklimakan Desert.The surface sediments at four developmental stages of the crescent dunes were primarily composed of fine sands,followed by very fine and medium sands.Mean grain sizes ranged from 2.8 to 3.1 φ,with a unimodal distribution.The sands were moderately well-sorted,their distribution varied from platykurtic to very platykurtic,and symmetrical or skewed towards the fine particles.From oval sand piles through shield and incipient crescent dunes to mature crescent dunes,incipient grain size gradually increased,particles became finer,sorting became better,kurtosis and skewness increased.Grain sizes on the surface layer became coarser upwards from the toe of the windward slope and then became finer towards the bottom of the leeward slope.We found that the coarsest particles at different positions at the four developmental stages were different.The coarsest particles were distributed at the top of the oval sand piles and shield dunes,versus at the middle of the windward slope of the incipient and mature crescent dunes.Correlations between the mean grain size and other grain size parameters showed that as mean grain size became finer,sorting became better and kurtosis became wider,but skewness changed only slightly.In addition,grain size variation in the surface sediments correlated with the movement speed of the dunes in the study area.In the open ground among tall-complex longitudinal ridges in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert where aeolian environment is characterized by comparatively strong wind and unsaturated sand flow,faster dune movement corresponded to coarser grain size. 相似文献
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The dynamical processes of a typical linear dune including morphological features, dune ridge swing range and crest height were investigated at different monitoring periods in the hinterland of Tengger Desert. The results indicated that the development of linear dune depends on not only the northwesterly prevailing wind, but also the winds from northeast and southwest. The dune ridge swayed along its fundamental strike and took on an eastward movement gradually. The original dune strike was NW70° on August 3, 1994, and then changed to NE15° on April 21, 2001. The dune crest increased by 1.8 m longitudinally, which manifested strong wind-blown sand activities in this region. Wind erosion frequently occured at the bottom of sand dune, while sand accumulation appeared on its mid-upper section. The mean wind erosion depth was 25 cm on the bottom of linear dune and the height difference of the control points on the dune's ridge was 1.13 m. Although the linear dune swayed laterally, the horizontal displacement of its ridge moved eastward 5.8 m averagely. The swing range of the dune crest line is very distinct, with a maximum value of 13.2 m. The highest site on the K-profile swayed on both sides of the dune ridge and the heights were 19.88 m at the control point K5, 19.61 m at K6 and 19.05 m at K7, respectively. The results indicated that the lateral swing of the linear dune was distinct under the northwesterly wind and it moved toward east gradually. 相似文献
16.
Underlying terrain strongly influences dune formation. However, the impacts of underlying terrain on the dune formation are poorly studied. In the present research, we focused on dunes that formed in the alluvial fans and dry salt flats in the Qaidam Basin, Northwest China. We quantified the dunes' sediment characteristics on different types of underlying terrain and the terrain's effects on the surface quartz grains by analyzing grain-size distribution, soluble salt contents and grain surface micro-textures. Results showed that barchan dunes were dominated by medium sands with a unimodal frequency distribution, whose peak corresponded to the saltation load. Linear dunes were mainly composed of fine sands with a bimodal frequency distribution, whose main peak represented the saltation load, and whose secondary peak represented the modified saltation or suspension load. Sand was transported from source area by running water (inland rivers) over short distances and by wind over relatively longer distances. Thus, quartz grains had poor roundness and were dominated by sub-angular and angular shapes. Surface micro-textures indicated that dune sands were successively transported by exogenic agents (glaciation, fluviation and wind). Soluble salt contents were low in dunes that developed in the alluvial fans, which represented a low-energy chemical environment, so the grain surface micro-textures mainly resulted from mechanical erosion, with weak micro-textures formed by SiO2 solution and precipitation. However, soluble salt contents were much higher in dunes that developed in the dry salt flats, which indicated a high-energy chemical environment. Therefore, in addition to micro-structures caused by mechanical erosion, micro-textures formed by SiO2 solution and precipitation also well developed. Our results improve understanding of the sediment characteristics of dune sands and the effects of underlying terrain on dune development in the Qaidam Basin, China. 相似文献
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全新世科尔沁沙地环境演变的初步研究 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
胡孟春 《干旱区资源与环境》1989,(3)
本文通过科尔沁沙地沙丘剖面及孢粉组合特征的分析研究,建立了该地区风沙活动期和风沙稳定期节律,恢复了风沙稳定期原始自然景观为疏林草原。 相似文献
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古尔班通古特沙漠边缘春秋季沙丘水分状况初步研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
古尔班通古特沙漠边缘植被破坏严重,沙丘活化明显,是新疆干旱区植被恢复的重点地区之一,当地降水稀少,其沙丘的水分状况便成为植被生存和恢复过程的关键条件,为掌握古尔班通古特沙漠边缘流动沙丘和固定沙丘不同部位的水分状况,从2003年3月到10月植物生长期内利用中子仪进行连续监测的结果表明:沙丘含水量月变化与月降水量分布相一致;流动沙丘0-30cm的含水量低于固定沙丘,而其它各层都高于固定沙丘;流动沙丘含水量从上部到下部依次升高,而固定沙丘则并无此规律;流动沙丘中部和下部稳定湿沙层处在距沙丘表面60cm以下,且厚度超过100cm,固定沙丘稳定湿沙层只存在于沙丘中部距沙丘表面60~150cm深度范围内,其厚度不超过100cm。 相似文献