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1.
霉菌毒素是霉菌在生长繁殖过程中,受环境影响产生的次级代谢产物。霉菌毒素对人和动物来讲,不能被生命体吸收、利用或分解,会产生巨大的类毒性反应。常见的霉菌主要包括:镰刀菌属、曲霉菌属、青霉菌属和麦角菌属等。其产生的毒素主要有:黄曲霉菌毒素、赤霉烯酮族毒素、呕吐毒素、单端孢霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素和麦角毒素等。畜牧业所饲养的畜禽种类,以猪最为敏感,能够造成猪的生长抑制、免疫机能抑制和繁殖性能下降等。尤其对母猪的繁殖性能,造成的危害最为严重。是降低母猪繁殖性能,间接危害新生仔猪品质等重要因素之一。 相似文献
2.
目前,养猪生产的主要能量饲料是黄玉米,其在生产、贮存、加工、运输过程中极易被各种霉菌污染,在饲养中极易造成母猪的繁殖性能下降,特别是玉米赤霉烯酮(F—2毒素)、黄曲霉毒素和脱氧雪镰刀酵毒素引起的成年母猪的子宫肿胀及卵巢萎缩,导致母猪假发情、屡配不孕、流产、死胎率增 相似文献
3.
镰刀菌毒素对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其作用途径 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
镰刀菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenonc,ZEA)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)是普遍存在于饲料中的优势污染霉菌毒素.ZEA具有雌激素样作用,可通过影响颗粒细胞激素的分泌和细胞增殖、干扰卵母细胞减数分裂的正常进行,降低卵母细胞质量,进而影响初情期前母猪的发情和妊娠母猪的繁殖性能.体内、外研究均发现DON具有降低卵母细胞和胚胎发育的能力.尽管没有临床症状,但组织病理学发现,饲喂含高浓度镰刀菌污染的小麦将导致妊娠母猪脾脏和肝脏的损伤,导致胎儿肝糖原升高和线粒体损伤.初情期前的小母猪对浓度DON>ZEA的饲粮较妊娠母猪更为敏感.镰刀菌毒索还会增加泌乳母猪的断奶-发情间隔时间. 相似文献
4.
选择头胎大白母猪,分别饲喂对照日粮（未被霉菌毒素污染,正常饲喂或限饲）、被霉菌毒素污染的日粮和添加0．2％霉可吸被霉菌毒素污染的日粮分别开展了2个试验。检测结果表明,在两个试验中主要污染的霉菌毒素是属于镰刀菌属的呕吐毒素以及少量的15-乙酰呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮。两个试验结果均表明,饲喂污染饲粮的母猪在哺乳期的采食量显著降低（P〈0．05）。饲喂被霉菌毒素污染日粮的母猪,其死胎率显著高于对照和添加霉可吸伊粮的母猪（P〈0．05）。无论是否添加霉可吸,饲喂污染日粮的母猪,其断奶至发情间隔均有延长的趋势（P〈0．1）。通过比较各组间血液氨氮、蛋白质和尿素浓度的差异,饲喂被霉菌毒素污染日粮的妊娠母猪的血液氨氮浓度有升高趋势（P〈0．1）,而添加霉可吸有降低血液氨氮浓度的趋势（P〈0．1）,而各组间血液蛋白质浓度无差异（P〉0．05）。通过比较各组间肌肉组织中蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量,发现限饲母猪在哺乳期肌肉中DNA浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,而蛋白质：DNA比例显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。综上可见,霉菌毒素会影响母猪的繁殖性能,霉可吸可防止这些不利影响的发生,哺乳母猪饲喂霉菌毒素污染日粮产生的代谢效应归因于采食量的降低而非霉菌毒素对蛋白质代谢的直接影响。 相似文献
5.
镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)是多种重要农作物的病原体,不仅可造成农作物产量和品质的严重损失还可在离体培养条件下或植物寄主体内产生一系列被称为镰刀菌毒素的次生代谢产物.这些毒素一方面作为致病因子与镰刀菌对宿主植物的致病力密切相关,另一方面可导致家畜生产性能下降和相关病症的出现,进而影响农业生态系统并对人类健康造成威胁.鉴于镰刀菌毒素对农作物生产的影响及其对家畜和人类的毒性作用,目前已有较多关于镰刀菌侵染粮食作物后产生毒素种类的研究,但关于镰刀菌侵染豆科牧草后产生的毒素种类以及毒素在镰刀菌对豆科牧草致病力方面作用的研究则较少.本文对引起主要粮食和饲料作物病害的常见镰刀菌物种产生的主要毒素,以及这些毒素对植物、家畜和人类的危害进行了综述,并对豆科牧草中镰刀菌毒素的研究前景及意义进行了展望. 相似文献
6.
镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)是多种重要农作物的病原体，不仅可造成农作物产量和品质的严重损失还可在离体培养条件下或植物寄主体内产生一系列被称为镰刀菌毒素的次生代谢产物。这些毒素一方面作为致病因子与镰刀菌对宿主植物的致病力密切相关，另一方面可导致家畜生产性能下降和相关病症的出现，进而影响农业生态系统并对人类健康造成威胁。鉴于镰刀菌毒素对农作物生产的影响及其对家畜和人类的毒性作用，目前已有较多关于镰刀菌侵染粮食作物后产生毒素种类的研究，但关于镰刀菌侵染豆科牧草后产生的毒素种类以及毒素在镰刀菌对豆科牧草致病力方面作用的研究则较少。本文对引起主要粮食和饲料作物病害的常见镰刀菌物种产生的主要毒素，以及这些毒素对植物、家畜和人类的危害进行了综述，并对豆科牧草中镰刀菌毒素的研究前景及意义进行了展望。 相似文献
7.
镰刀菌毒素对动物毒性作用的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
镰刀菌是污染粮食和饲料的主要真菌菌属之一,可产生多种高毒性、低分子量的代谢产物,如玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素等,这些毒素严重威胁动物和人类的健康。摄入镰刀菌毒素可对动物造成多种毒性作用,包括生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肠道毒性、肝肾毒性、细胞毒性及致癌性等。不同类型镰刀菌毒素引起的毒性作用不尽一致,且不同毒素间存在互作效应。为此,本文对单一或混合镰刀菌毒素毒性的研究进展进行了总结和归纳,为镰刀菌毒素的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
8.
镰刀菌产生的镰刀菌毒素是污染饲料的主要毒素之一,对畜禽的健康危害极大,本文就镰刀菌的特征分类、产生毒素的条件及其对动物的危害等进行综述. 相似文献
9.
近来霉菌毒素对猪场造成的危害有所抬头,目前已发现200多种霉菌毒素,其中黄曲霉毒素、烟曲霉毒素(伏马酸)、镰刀菌毒素、T-2毒素和玉米赤霉 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在研究自然霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化能力和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)分布和表达的影响。选择35日龄平均体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪母猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组饲喂含镰刀菌毒素[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON)1.43mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM)5.85 mg/kg]的试验饲粮。预试期7d,正试期35d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了断奶仔猪血清和脾脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.05),显著升高了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。2)镰刀菌毒素使断奶仔猪脾脏白髓区明显变小,红髓区扩张且出现近圆形小空洞,动脉周围淋巴鞘中淋巴细胞数量较少。3)镰刀菌毒素导致断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6阳性细胞主要集中于白髓边缘,且靠近血窦的地方阳性点更多。4)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著升高了断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6mRNA相对表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中镰刀菌毒素显著影响断奶仔猪血清和脾脏抗氧化能力,并通过改变脾脏IL-1β和IL-6的分布和表达,降低脾脏的免疫功能。 相似文献
11.
Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and radiography of cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N S Moise A E Dietze L E Mezza D Strickland H N Erb N J Edwards 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(7):1476-1486
The echocardiographic, ECG, and radiographic findings of sequentially examined cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 7), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n = 8), and hyperthyroidism (HT, n = 20) were compared with those of healthy control cats (n = 11). Cats with DCM were easily differentiated from healthy cats by echocardiography and from cats with HCM and HT by a dilated left ventricle at end-diastole with a mean +/- SD of 2.20 +/- 0.36 cm, reduced fractional shortening (2.9% +/- 3.7%), reduced aortic amplitude (0.07 +/- 0.05 cm), reduced left ventricular wall amplitude (0.09 +/- 0.09 cm), and increased E-point septal separation (0.83 +/- 0.29 cm). The cats with HCM were most consistently recognized echocardiographically by increased left ventricular wall thickness at end-diastole (0.75 +/- 0.12 cm). Some cats with HT had abnormal echocardiograms with left ventricular wall hypertrophy. These cats could usually be differentiated from the cats with HCM because of normal or increased ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, or percentage of thickening of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Left atrial enlargement (left atrial diameter greater than 1.57 cm or left atrium/aorta greater than 1.75) was commonly detected by the echocardiogram in cats with DCM, HCM, or HT. The echocardiogram was helpful in differentiating the type of cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM, or HT) when plain thoracic radiographs indicated that cardiomegaly existed. The ECG may have indicated incorrectly that there was left ventricular enlargement in some cats with HT, and it did not indicate consistently that left ventricular enlargement existed when present in cats with DCM or HCM. The ECG was a poor indicator of left atrial enlargement in all cats. 相似文献
12.
In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum. 相似文献
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14.
O H Stalheim 《American journal of veterinary research》1968,29(7):1463-1468
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16.
JEV、PPV、PRRSV、PRV多联PCR的应用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用 JEV、PRRSV二联 PCR,PPV、PRV二联 PCR以及这 4种病毒 4联 PCR对来自内蒙、广州、广西、天津、北京、吉林病料进行检测 ,共检了 1 4 6份病料。其中 PRRSV阳性 7份 ,PPV阳性 1 2份 ,PRV阳性 2 1份 ,PRV和 PPV混合感染 4份。并对 5份人工接种 JEV小鼠病料检测 ,其中 4份为阳性。随后对部分阳性 PCR扩增产物进行点杂交和核苷酸测序鉴定 ,证实了 PCR扩增准确性。对内蒙 PRRSV阳性扩增带测序结果显示 ,我国流行 PRRSV为美洲型 ,在扩增片段的核苷酸序列上有 3个碱基差异 相似文献
17.
SIV与PRRSV、CSFV、PCV-2和PRV交叉感染的检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用RT-PCR方法对37份疑似猪流感病毒(SIV)感染病料进行了病原学检测。同时,还运用PCR和RT-PCR方法对SIV阳性病料进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)和猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)目的基因片段的扩增。结果,扩增出了SIV特异目的基因片段,且4份病料都为混合感染,感染状况分别为SIV/PRRSV/PRV,SIV/CSFV/PRRSV三重感染,SIV/PCV-2和SIV/PRRSV二重感染。 相似文献
18.
Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks can occur in previously healthy adult layer or breeder flocks. However, it is not clear whether such outbreaks are caused by recent challenge with highly virulent (vv and vv+) strains of MD virus (MDV; i. e., new infection hypothesis) or by exacerbation of an earlier MDV infection (i. e., old infection hypothesis). To discriminate between these hypotheses, adult White Leghorn chickens of laboratory strains or commercial crosses with or without prior vaccination or MDV exposure were challenged at 18-102 wk of age with highly virulent MDVs, and lesion responses were measured. Horizontal transmission was studied in one trial. Challenge of adult chickens, which were free from prior MDV vaccination or exposure, with highly virulent MDV strains induced transient paralysis or tumors in 60%-100% of 29 groups (mean = 91%), and horizontal spread of virus was detected. The magnitude of the response was similar to that induced by challenge at 3 wk of age. In contrast, comparable challenge of adult chickens, which had been vaccinated or exposed to MDV early in life, induced transient paralysis or tumors in 0%-6% of 12 groups (mean = 0. 5%), although some birds showed limited virologic evidence of infection and transmission of the virus to contacts. The MD responses were influenced by the virulence of the challenge virus strain, and to a lesser extent by virus dose and route of exposure. Strong inflammatory lesions were induced in the brain and nerves of adult specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 9-15 days after infection. The low susceptibility of previously vaccinated and exposed groups to challenge at > or =18 wk of age suggests that late outbreaks of MD in commercial flocks are not likely a result of recent challenge alone and that additional factors could be involved. 相似文献
19.
A feild survey was conducted to determine the relationship of herd, season (winter vs. summer), postpartum interval, milk production, age, and gestation length with serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in Holstein cows. Thirteen Michigan dairy herds were visited once in February and August. Single blood samples were drawn from 4 cows per visit in each of early, middle, and late lactation, and dry cow stages. Hormones were quantified by radioimmunoassay.Analysis of variance was performed separately for cases within each stage, with T4 and T3 as dependent variables, herd and season as main effects, and the other appropriate variables recorded as covariates. T4 values tended to be higher in the winter, but differences were not consistently significant. T3 was higher (p<.01) in winter in all groups except early lactation cows, in which the herd-by-season interaction was significant (p<.05). T4 and T3 were positively related to days postpartum and negatively related to daily milk production in early-lactation cows only p<.05). There was a tendency across all groups for an inverse relationship of T4 and T3 with age. T4 and T3 were inversely related to gestation length in dry cows only (p<.05). These data suggest that metabolic events such as impending parturition, initiation of lactation, and negative energy balance with high milk production in early lactation may result in a reduction of T4 and T3 that is independent of seasonal effects in Holstein cows. 相似文献
20.
Aroch I Klement E Segev G 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(1):64-73
Neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity is manifested as an abnormality in cell size or the cytoplasmic content upon examination of Romanowsky-stained blood smears, and is traditionally associated with infection and inflammation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the association of such changes with clinical and clinicopathologic characteristics, diseases, and prognoses in dogs. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity (n = 248) were compared with negative controls (n = 248). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, independent t-tests, nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests, the chi-square trend test, and survival analysis. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity had a significantly higher prevalence of pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, fever, abdominal organomegaly, icterus, melena, and hematuria. Most mean hematologic variables were significantly different between groups. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity had a significantly (P < .05) higher prevalence of leukocytosis, leukopenia, neutrophilia, neutropenia, anemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocalcemia. The prevalence of pyometra, parvovirus infection, acute renal failure, peritonitis, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pancreatitis, septicemia, and neoplastic disorders was significantly higher among these dogs. Case fatality, hospitalization length, and treatment cost were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with neutrophil toxicity. Neutrophil toxicity severity was significantly (P < .0035) and positively associated with neutropenia, and negatively associated with leukocytosis and neutrophilia. A significant trend (P = .05) toward increasing case fatality with an increase of neutrophil toxicity was observed. In the neutrophil toxicity group, dogs with leukopenia (<5.0 X 10(3)/mm3) had a significantly (P < .0001) higher case fatality compared to dogs with normal or high leukocyte counts. We conclude that evaluation of blood smears for neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity provides useful clinical information and can serve as a good prognostic predictor. 相似文献