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黄霉素促进肉牛生长的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本试验应用高、中、低3个剂量（分别为60、45、30mg／头·日）黄霉素添加剂，并设对照组，对160头杂交一代肉牛进行了89天的对比饲养试验。结果表明，在整个试验期间，与对照组相比，高、中、低剂量黄霉素组肉牛的日增重分别提高了10.50％、13．26％和9．99％（P＜0.05）；精料／增重分别降低了9.47％、11．58％和9．12％（P＜0．05）；粗料／增重分别降低了11．48％、15．26％和9．04％（P＜0.05）；饲料／增重分别降低了10．96%、14．40％和9．06％（P＜0．05）；经济效益分别提高了9．72％、25．98％和18.97％（P＜0．05）。中剂量黄霉素组肉牛的增重、饲料转化率以及经济效益均优于高、低剂量黄霉素组；高和低剂量黄霉素组之间增重和饲料转化率无明显差异（P＞0．05）。黄霉素使肉牛的屠宰率和净肉率略有提高，但差异不显著（P＞0．05）。说明黄霉素是一种理想的肉牛饲料添加剂，能明显提高肉牛增重、饲料转化率和经济效益，以中剂量黄霉素效果最好。建议在肉牛生产中应用黄霉素的推荐剂量为45mg／头·日，而且无需预饲期。 相似文献
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文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平硬脂酰乳酸对育肥期肉牛生长性能、血液生化指标及胴体性状的影响。试验将96头平均体重为（333.78±3.31）kg的肉牛随机分为3组,每组32头（8头/重复）。肉牛分别饲喂添加硬脂酰乳酸钠水平为0、5和10 g/kg的全混合日粮,试验为期16 w。结果：5 g/kg硬脂酰乳酸组肉牛0～8 w和9～16 w平均日增重分别显著高于对照组和10 g/kg硬脂酰乳酸组（P＜0.05）。此外,5 g/kg硬脂酰乳酸组肉牛0～8 w饲料报酬显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,而10 g/kg硬脂酰乳酸组肉牛9～16 w饲料报酬最低（P＜0.05）。日粮硬脂酰添加水平对肉牛血清生化指标和大部分胴体性状无显著影响（P＞0.05）。与对照组相比,5 g/kg硬脂酰乳酸组肉牛背膘厚度和眼肌面积分别显著提高7.97%和3.62%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,全混合日粮添加5 g/kg硬脂酰乳酸可以改善肉牛生长后期的饲料报酬,提高眼肌面积和背膘厚度。
[关键词]硬脂酰乳酸|肉牛|生长性能|血液生化|胴体性状 相似文献
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果寡糖对肉鸡生长、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
研究了饲粮中分别添加0、2000、4000、6000mg/kg果寡糖对艾维菌商品代肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响。结果表明：目粮中添加4000mg/kg果寡糖使肉鸡日增重提高了9．53％（P＜0．01），2000、4000mg/kg果寡糖使料重比分别降低了5．09％（P＜0．05）和7．87％（P＜0．05）；4000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数分别增加了257．65％（P＜0．05）和100．00％（P＜0．05），使梭菌数下降了79．36％（P＜0．05）；2000、4000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中乳酸杆菌数分别增加了45．73％（P＜0．05）和67．97％（P＜0．01），使大肠杆菌数分别下降了75．71％（P＜0．05）和71．35％（P＜0．05）；4000和6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸含量分别提高了23．25％（P＜0．05）和26．08％（P＜0．05）、144．36％（P＜0．05）和202．97％（P＜0．01）、47．08％（P＜0．01）和58．31％（P＜0．01）；2000、4000和6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中丙酸含量分别提高了45．27％（P＜0．05）、73．22％（P＜0．01）和89．37（P＜0．01）；4000、6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠上皮黏膜腺窝深度和细胞密度分别提高了22．62％（P＜0．05）和25．72％（P＜0．01）、19．28％（P＜0．05）和23．07％（P＜0．05）。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估马铃薯渣对肉牛生长、屠宰及瘤胃指标的影响。试验将72头育肥期平均重量为（393.13±6.26）kg的肉牛随机分为3组，每组24头，每6头牛作为1个重复，分别饲喂马铃薯渣添加水平为0%、15%和30%的日粮16周。结果：与对照组相比，15%马铃薯渣组肉牛的日增重显著提高11.25%（P＜0.05），而30%马铃薯渣组肉牛的平均日采食量显著降低8.19%（P＜0.05）。15%马铃薯渣组与对照组和30%马铃薯渣组采食量无显著差异（P＞0.05）。此外，由于15%和30%马铃薯渣组饲料效率较对照组显著提高16.19%和12.75%（P＜0.05），使这两组的增重饲料成本较对照组分别显著降低19.77%和24.84%（P＜0.05）。15%马铃薯渣组肉牛的眼肌面积显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），而30%马铃薯渣组肉牛肌肉嫩度显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组肌肉滴水损失显著高于15%和30%马铃薯渣组（P＜0.05），15%马铃薯渣组肌肉蒸煮损失显著高于对照组和30%马铃薯渣组（P＜0.05）。15%和30%马铃薯渣组瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），同时30%马铃薯渣组瘤胃乙酸浓度也显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：虽然添加水平达到30%时降低了肉牛采食量，但综合饲料效率和增重成本，在育肥期肉牛全混合日粮中添加15%～30%马铃薯渣具有经济可行性。
[关键词]马铃薯副产物|肉牛|营养价值|饲养成本 相似文献
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国内外肉牛育肥期增重新方法孙耀华１．添喂稀土法：据报道，在育肥牛日粮中添加１０×１０稀土添加剂饲喂育肥牛，育肥期１０５天，试验组比对照组日增重提高２６．６５％，料肉比降低１２．３％，饲料转化率提高２３．８％。在肉牛日粮中加入０．５％稀土添加剂，育肥期... 相似文献
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选取日龄和体重相似的60头杜长大三元猪，随机分为对照组和试验组，每组30头．组内设3个重复，每重复10头试验猪。对照组仅饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加300μg／kg（以铬计）的吡啶甲酸铬，预试期7d，试验期60d。试验结果表明：在育肥猪日粮中添加300μg／kg（以铬计）的吡啶甲酸铬，可使育肥猪日增重提高5．04％（P〈0．05）。料肉比降低4．01％（P〉0．05）；同时可以使屠宰率和贮存2d的肌总色素两指标分别提高0．91％和0．24％；吡啶甲酸铬可显著提高胴体瘦肉率4．92％（P〈0．05）和眼肌面积5．32cm。（P〈0．05），同时显著降低背膘厚0．35cm（P〈0．05）。吡啶甲酸铬能显著提高育肥猪的日增重并明显降低料肉比。改善育肥猪的胴体品质．因此在育肥猪日粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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杂交优质肉牛屠宰测定 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
选择10－25月龄的二元和三元杂交肉牛共10头进行分阶段育肥，共135d。第一阶段补予能量饲料，第二阶段除补给能量饲料外，添加矿质元素和蛋白质饲料，其它按传统方法饲养，现场测定，屠宰率为55.43%，净肉率为44.77%，肉骨比为4.2:1。大理石花纹评定，特级占20％，优一级占60％，优二级占20％，均达到优质牛肉标准，3头牛的样品实验室分析，嫩度即剪切力值均低于美国规定的3.62kg，达到了优质牛肉的标准，臀肉、背最长肌分析，富含多种氨基酸。 相似文献
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我国黄牛肉用性能研究报告（上） 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究应用秦川牛，晋南牛，延边牛，复州牛，渤海黑牛，科泉沁牛，共１１１头，分栏饲喂，每栏８－１０头，从活重２００千克左右持续育肥至５４０千克左右屠宰，育肥期间，配合饲 和饮水自由采食。 相似文献
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不同月龄杂交肉牛肥育试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]为了观察不同月龄杂交肉用牛的育肥效果.[方法]本试验选择20～21月龄、25～26月龄左右(体重分别为300 kg、350 kg左右)的西杂牛各25头.以玉米青贮秸秆和酒糟为基础粗料,经过3个月的短期集中肥育,研究杂种肉牛肥育效果与牛只不同月龄的关系,近而分析屠宰性能上的效应.[[结论] 果]表明:屠宰率、净肉率、胴体产肉率、肉骨比、剪切值20～21月龄牛﹤25～26月龄牛,眼肌面积、熟肉率20～21月龄牛﹥25～26月龄牛.各项屠宰指标有一定差异.选择2岁以内的架子牛,不仅肉质好,屠宰率高,而且节省饲料,缩短生产周期,显著提高肉牛的经济效益34%.[结论]肉牛育肥具有很好的推广价值. 相似文献
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文章旨在探讨日粮单独或联合补充微量元素铜和硒对肉牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血清抗氧化的影响。试验将平均体重为(389.98±1.67)kg的80只肉牛随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5mg/kg硒,T2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加25mg/kg铜,T3组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5mg/kg硒和以硫酸铜的形式添加25mg/kg铜。饲养试验共进行84d。结果:1.5mg/kg硒组肉牛末重和采食量较对照组分别显著提高了7.36%和38.69%(P<0.05),但料重比较对照组显著降低了17.02%(P<0.05),同时处理组肉牛平均日采食量较对照组分别显著提高15.06%、16.86%和20.08%(P<0.05)。对照组肌肉亚麻油酸含量较铜硒混合组显著提高62.50%(P<0.05)。对照组肉牛血清胆固醇含量也显著高于T1组(P<0.05)。对照组和T3组肌肉胆固醇含量显著高于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,T2和T3组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别显著降低46.42%和62.84%(P<0.05)。T1组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组和T2组分别显著提高10.64%和15.94%(P<0.05),同时对照组血清丙二醛含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高91.45%和73.90%(P<0.05)。结论:日粮补充铜或硒可以改变肉牛脂质代谢,补充硒可以改善肉牛饲料效率、血清抗氧化性能,降低血清和肌肉胆固醇含量。 相似文献
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安格斯牛在大通地区生长发育观测初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以当地黄牛为对照,对胚胎移植后所产的18头(♀8,♂10)安格斯牛在大通县的生长发育情况进行分析。结果表明,初生公犊为29．12 kg,母犊为25．42 kg。3月龄、6月龄、12月龄公犊平均体重分别为108．57 kg、183．59 kg和322．8 kg,比青海黄牛公牛相应月龄分别提高55．2％、67．7％和81．2%;母犊平均体重分别为102．61 kg、171．33 kg和301．61 kg,比青海黄牛牛相应月龄分别提高38．1％、68．4％和79．9％;而且,安格斯牛的体型外貌、体尺均比青海黄牛有明显提高,表现出良好的肉用牛特征。 相似文献
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Estimation of additive and nonadditive genetic variances in Hereford, Gelbvieh, and Charolais by Method R. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Parameters for direct and maternal dominance were estimated in models that included non-additive genetic effects. The analyses used weaning weight records adjusted for age of dam from populations of Canadian Hereford (n = 467,814), American Gelbvieh (n = 501,552), and American Charolais (n = 314,552). Method R estimates of direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent maternal environment, direct dominance, and maternal dominance variances as a proportion of the total variance were 23, 12, 13, 19, and 14% in Hereford; 27, 7, 10, 18, and 2% in Gelbvieh; and 34, 15, 15, 23, and 2% in Charolais. The correlations between direct and maternal additive genetic effects were -0.30, -0.23, and -0.47 in Hereford, Gelbvieh, and Charolais, respectively. The correlations between direct and maternal dominance were -0.38, -0.02, and -0.04 in Hereford, Gelbvieh, and Charolais, respectively. Estimates of inbreeding depression were -0.20, -0.18, and -0.13 kg per 1% of inbreeding for Hereford, Gelbvieh, and Charolais, respectively. Estimates of the maternal inbreeding depression were -0.01, -0.02, and -0.02 kg, respectively. The high ratio of direct dominance to additive genetic variances provided some evidence that direct dominance effects should be considered in beef cattle evaluation. However, maternal dominance effects seemed to be important only for Hereford cattle. 相似文献
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Ahola JK Foster HA Vanoverbeke DL Jensen KS Wilson RL Glaze JB Fife TE Gray CW Nash SA Panting RR Rimbey NR 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(5):1474-1483
A survey was conducted to quantify incidence of Beef Quality Assurance (BQA)-related defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls selling at auction during 2 seasons in 2008. Twenty-three BQA-related traits were evaluated by 9 trained personnel during sales at 10 livestock auction markets in Idaho (n = 5; beef and dairy), California, (n = 4; dairy only), and Utah (n = 1; beef and dairy). Overall, 18,949 unique lots (8,213 beef cows, 1,036 beef bulls, 9,177 dairy cows, and 523 dairy bulls,) consisting of 23,479 animals (9,299 beef cows, 1,091 beef bulls, 12,429 dairy cows, and 660 dairy bulls) were evaluated during 125 sales (64 spring, 61 fall) for dairy and 79 sales (40 spring, 39 fall) for beef. The majority of market beef cows and bulls (60.9 and 71.3%, respectively) were predominantly black-hided, and the Holstein hide pattern was observed in 95.4 and 93.6% of market dairy cows and bulls, respectively. Market cattle weighed 548 ± 103.6 kg (beef cows), 751 ± 176.1 kg (beef bulls), 658 ± 129.7 kg (dairy cows), and 731 ± 150.8 kg (dairy bulls). Most beef cows (79.6%) weighed 455 to 726 kg, and most beef bulls (73.8%) weighed 545 to 954 kg, respectively. Among market beef cattle, 16.0% of cows and 14.5% of bulls weighed less than 455 and 545 kg, respectively, and 63.7% of dairy cows and 81.5% of dairy bulls weighed 545 to 817 kg or 545 to 954 kg, respectively. However, 19.5% of dairy cows and 13.1% of dairy bulls weighed less than 545 kg. Mean BCS for beef cattle (9-point scale) was 4.7 ± 1.2 (cows) and 5.3 ± 0.9 (bulls), and for dairy cattle (5-point scale) was 2.6 ± 0.8 (cows) and 2.9 ± 0.6 (bulls). Some 16.5% of beef cows and 4.1% of beef bulls had a BCS of 1 to 3, whereas 34.8% of dairy cows and 10.4% of dairy bulls had a BCS of 2 or less. Emaciation (beef BCS = 1, dairy BCS = 1.0) or near-emaciation (beef BCS = 2, dairy BCS = 1.5) was observed in 13.3% of dairy cows and 3.9% of beef cows. Among beef cattle, 15.1% of cows and 15.4% of bulls were considered lame. In contrast, 44.7% of dairy cows and 26.1% of dairy bulls were lame. Ocular neoplasia (cancer eye) was observed in only 0.6% of beef cows, 0.3% of beef bulls, 0.3% of dairy cows, and 0.0% of dairy bulls. However, among animals with ocular neoplasia, it was cancerous in 34.4% of beef bulls, 48.0% of dairy cows, and 73.3% of beef cows. In conclusion, numerous quality defects are present in market beef and dairy cattle selling at auction in the Western United States, which could influence their value at auction. 相似文献
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Nelson ML Busboom JR Cronrath JD Falen L Blankenbaker A 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(7):1829-1836
To measure effects of diet on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and beef appearance, 144 crossbred beef steers (333+/-.44 kg) were allotted within weight block (3) to a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. Main effects were grain (barley or corn) and level of potato by-product (PB) (0, 10, or 20% of diet DM). Steers were fed diets containing 83% concentrate (grain plus PB), 10% supplement, and 7% alfalfa on a DM basis for an average of 130 d. Level of PB quadratically affected (P < .10) DM intake and gain such that steers fed 10% PB ate more and gained faster. Corn-fed steers were more (P < .05) efficient (5.8 vs 6.3 kg DM/kg gain) and had more (P < .05) kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (2.2 vs 2.0%) than barley-fed steers. A grain x PB interaction was detected (P < .10) for marbling score, which was minimized in steers fed barley diets (small 0) but maximized in those fed corn diets (small 30) at 10% PB. Diet did not affect beef firmness or beef color score. Barley-fed beef had whiter fat (P < .05) than corn-fed beef (2.6 vs 2.9 on a 1 to 7 scale); however, fat luster score was not affected by diet. Small differences were noted in fatty acid profile, purge, drip loss, and muscle pH. No differences were noted in color measurements due to dietary treatment over 7 d of retail shelf life. Overall, differences were small and probably not biologically important. These results indicate that these diets had minimal effects on beef appearance and carcass characteristics, meat composition, and water retention properties. 相似文献