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1.
花生衣约含16％粗蛋白、21％粗脂肪、12％粗纤维和40％无氮浸出物。本试验探讨了花生衣用于生长肥育猪日粮中的营养价值。试验用36头校正体重为21.6公斤的生长肥育猪,分别喂给含0％、10％和20％花生衣的日粮。试验结果表明,含花生衣越多,则猪摄入饲料量越大,料肉比越差,而增重却越少。凡喂给含20％花生衣日粮的猪,其平均日增重比对照组低15％(P<0.05),饲料摄入量高23％(P<0.01),单位增重消耗饲料量多31％(P<0.01)。另用9头平均体重为17.7公斤的阉猪采用3×3拉丁方设计进行消化试验和氮平衡试验。试验 相似文献
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试验研究了育肥猪对色氨酸的需要量。选用了24头杂种猪并进行单独饲养。将试验猪划分为6个组。对照组日粮含粗蛋白18％,试验组日粮含粗蛋白12％,日粮主要由缺乏色氨酸的玉米和大麦组成。对照组口粮以谷物和大豆为主,含有0.34％蛋氨陵、0.65％蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、1.17％赖氨酸、0.75％苏氨酸。1～5试验组日粮中的色氨酸分别为0.119、0.133、0.153、0.173和0.205％,对照组日粮(指第6组)含色氨酸0.230％。试验结果表明:1～6组各组猪日平均增重分别为109克、 相似文献
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和允壁 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》1983,(3)
使用36头平均体重17公斤的猪评价生长期(17～54公斤体重)日粮中的蛋白质水平和添加赖氨酸对54公斤体重之后的增重速度和效率的影响,以及对95公斤体重时的胴体性能的影响。在生长期喂给含14％粗蛋白并添加赖氨酸的日粮的猪,与喂给含16％粗蛋白日粮的猪表现出相同的生长速度。而喂给含14％粗蛋白日粮的猪的生长性能则比上述两组差。在肥育期,喂给不用试验日粮的所有猪的增重均相似。所有各组圈养猪平均体重达54公斤左右时,日粮粗蛋白水平一律转为13％。在生长期喂给含14％粗蛋白而在54公斤体重后改喂含13％粗蛋白(14→13％)的猪,比喂给 相似文献
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<正> 淀粉浆水(含渣)是玉米提取淀粉后的剩余物与水的混合物。由于其内含蛋白质、醣、脂肪及粗纤维等多种营养成份,因此,可作为猪的补充饲料。但玉米提取淀粉的工艺流程,需加0.25％～0.3％的亚硫酸浸泡,部份残留在漂洗淀粉的浆水中,使淀粉浆水具有一定的毒性。为了证实淀粉浆水的毒性确系由亚硫酸引起,我们用淀粉浆水及含亚硫酸 相似文献
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为探讨菜饼和稻谷日粮中添加复合酶制剂饲喂生长肥育猪的效果,进行了两次饲养试验。结果指出:1.菜饼—玉米日粮中添加0.1％复合酶喂育肥猪,增重加快3.3％,饲料效率提高8.4％,饲料成本降低6.25％,加酶改善了菜饼喂猪的饲用效果;2.含17％稻谷日粮添加0.05—0.1％复合酶喂18—35千克猪多增重11.9％,少耗料3.3％,加酶提高了生长猪日粮中稻谷的饲用价值;3.在生长猪日粮中,添加0.1％复合酶增重速度较快,添加0.075％复合酶饲料报酬较高,添加0.075—0.1％复合酶经济效益较好。 相似文献
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《浙江畜牧兽医》2019,(6)
为促进科学养猪和安全型无抗肥育猪配合饲料的推广,本试验选用96头体重在65 kg左右的杜大长三元杂交肥育猪作为试验猪,按单因子试验设计进行试验,试验组饲喂安全型无抗肥育猪用饲粮,对照组饲喂含抗仔猪用饲粮,研究了安全型无抗肥育猪料对生长肥育猪生产性能和经济效益的影响。结果表明:饲喂安全型无抗肥育猪料的肥育猪平均日增重比喂含抗仔猪料的略高,但差异不显著(P0.05);头均日采食量和料重比显著高于含抗仔猪料组,但头均毛利则增加45.74元。结果表明,在肥育猪阶段采用仔猪料"一料到底"与按阶段用料即用无抗肥育猪料饲养肥育猪相比,虽能达到满意的增重效果,极显著降低料重比,但增重成本明显偏高,经济效益明显不佳,且存在抗生素残留等安全隐患。 相似文献
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用127头生长肥育猪做了3项饲养试验,用以考察饲粮中含0-40％草粉对试猪生产性能和胴体性状的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照组比较,饲粮含5-15％的草粉并不显著降低试猪生长速度;(2)饲喂草粉导致胴体瘦肉率增加和消化道尤其是大肠容积增加。实验表明:高比例光叶紫花苕草粉的主要限制因素是猪只采食量。根据实验结果可以认为在生长猪饲粮中添加10-15％,育肥猪15-25％的光叶紫花苕草粉是适宜的。 相似文献
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本试验通过138d的饲养试验,主要对日粮中添加粗制甘油对生长猪生产性能、屠体品质、肉质以及组织结构的影响进行研究。本试验中使用的粗制甘油含有84．51％的甘油、11．95％的水、2．91％的氯化钠和0．32％的甲醇。在仔猪断奶后8d,96头（48头去势公猪和48头母猪,平均体重为7．9＋0．4kg）试验猪被随机分成24栏（4头／栏）,并在试验前调配好仔猪体重和性别的差异。试验日粮是在玉米-大豆粉基础日粮中分别添加5％和10％粗制甘油构成,并随机安排到各栏舍进行饲喂。在本试验中,日粮是自由采食,并确保每个日粮处理在能量、氯化钠、赖氨酸．以及其他氨基酸符合理想氨基酸模式等方面都相同。在试验过程中,每隔一周对各日粮处理组的试验猪和日粮进行称重,记录数据用于计算ADG、ADFI以及G：F值。在试验结束时,使用实时超声波对所有试验用猪进行扫描,随后在商用屠宰厂进行屠宰。在屠宰时采集试验猪的血液样本用于测定血浆生化指标,采集肾、肝脏和眼睛等组织样品用于测定甲醛毒性对组织损伤作用的评定。屠体经过一晚的冷冻后,采集试验猪的背腰肉用于测定其肉质、感官和必需脂肪酸的分析。试验结果表明,试验用猪的生长状况、采食量和G：F值并不受日粮处理的影响。日粮处理对第十肋骨处背膘、眼肌面积、肌间脂肪含量、肉质以及感官评定值没有显著影响。与不添加粗制甘油日粮处理相比,日粮中添加5％和10％的粗制甘油,其背腰肉的极限pH值较高（P=0．06）。必需脂肪酸随着日粮的处理的不同有略微的不阿,与不添加粗制甘油的处理组和添N5％粗粗制甘油的处理组相比,添加10％粗制甘油的日粮组的试验猪中,眼肌脂肪酸中亚油酸的含量较少（P〈0．01）,二十碳五烯酸的含量较多（P=0．02）。试验结果同样表明,日粮处理对血浆代谢物和组织器官的损伤没有显著影响。本次试验证实,试验猪采食含有高达10％粗制甘油的日粮对其生产性能、屠体品质、肉质和组织结构没有显著影响。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664