共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
对重庆市2005年水稻区域试验64个新组合的主要品质指标及产量性状分析结果表明,我市杂交水稻组合的稻米品质有了较大的提高,垩白粒率和垩白度两项主要品质均已有组合达国颁优质稻米一级标准,54.69%～73.44%的组合胶稠度达国颁优质稻米一、二级标准,但整精米率偏低、垩白粒率较高影响了稻米整体品质的提升.垩白粒率、垩白度与直链淀粉呈极显著的正相关、与粒形呈极显著的负相关,整精米率与垩白度呈显著的负相关;产量与品质性状的整精率、直链淀粉呈显著的正相关.适当增加有效穗、降低穗粒数和穗重,培育穗粒兼顾的组合可协调品质与产量的关系. 相似文献
3.
广西多数早籼品种(组合)的糙米率、精米率、粒长、粒形、糊化温度、胶稠度、蛋白质含量等指标。达到了农业部(NY122-86)二级优质食用稻米标准。但完整米率的达标率偏低,胚乳的垩白程度偏大,垩白粒率偏高,直链淀粉含量偏高,米粒的蒸煮延长性差。今后,早籼稻的品质育种应把提高完整米率,降低直链淀粉含量和提高胚乳的透明度作为品质改良的主攻目标。 相似文献
4.
早籼杂交稻稻米加工品质与外观品质的相关分析和改良途径 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对16个早籼杂交组合稻米的加工品质和外观品质8项指标分析表明，现有早籼杂交稻无一组合的加工品质和外观品质全部指标能达到部颁食用优质米1级或2级标准，主要差距是精米率低、垩白米率高和垩白面积大；整精米率、垩白米率和垩白面积组合间差异较大。通过相关分析看出：糙米率与精米率、整精米率；整精米率与精米率呈极显著正相关，粒长与粒型呈极显著正相关，与垩白面积呈显著正相关；粒宽与粒型呈极显著负相关，与垩白米率呈显著正相关。在优质早籼稻选育中应把降低垩白面积和垩白米率作为主攻目标，对亲本改良首先改良不育系的垩白。 相似文献
5.
以低能氮离子束为诱变源,对同源四倍体水稻品系“IR36-4X”进行离子注入,在其第2代群体内筛选得到了1株具有多胚苗性状特征的突变株(IR36-双)。对该突变株后代的主要农艺性状、多胚苗形态特征和遗传稳定性进行研究表明,突变株系与其原始亲本在主要农艺性状上存在明显差异,前者在株高、穗长、千粒重和结实率等性状上比后者分别下降35.41%、5.08%、15.72%和12.39%。“IR36-双”在双胚苗性状的表现形态上有其特异性,在同一纯合株系的群体内双胚苗的苗位有非完全双苗和完全双苗两种类型。在非完全双苗中又包括单胚轴单胚根双苗和单胚根异胚轴双苗;在完全双苗中可分为正常双苗和异常双苗。在多胚苗材料中,单胚根单胚轴双苗所占的比例相对较大。经过多个世代观察表明,“IR36-双”的多胚苗特性表现出明显的可遗传性。 相似文献
6.
为了明确不同直播方式对早晚兼用双季籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响,该研究以常规早籼稻湘早籼45号和杂交晚籼稻泰优398为材料,进行早晚双季直播种植,比较人工撒直播(AS)和同步开沟起垄精量穴直播(PHDD)对早晚兼用双季直播稻出苗、产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与AS相比,PHDD显著提高供试品种的出苗率,早晚季增幅分别为7.4%～14.2%和6.9%～8.0%;PHDD有利于提高供试品种周年产量,2个品种的增产幅度为3.23%～21.66%,其中湘早籼45号早晚2季增产均显著,泰优398为晚季增产显著;从产量构成因素来看,PHDD下供试品种的产量提高主要与有效穗数、每穗粒数有关;PHDD显著提高湘早籼45号早季的精米率、整精米率和垩白度以及泰优398晚季的垩白粒率,显著降低泰优398早季的整精米率及湘早籼45号晚季的垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量,直链淀粉含量无显著差异;PHDD显著提高泰优398晚季米粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值和最终黏度,显著降低糊化温度。总体来说,PHDD有利于提高优质水稻品种周年产量,主要与穗粒数协调有关,增产途径因品种和季节而异,同时显著改善湘早籼45号早季加工品质及晚季外观品质,降低泰优398的早季加工品质及晚季外观品质,但改善其晚季蒸煮食味品质,PHDD下晚季直播稻稻米品质改善明显。研究结果可为南方双季直播籼稻优质丰产栽培提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
不同生态条件下氮肥优化管理对杂交中稻稻米品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在四川省温江和射洪试验点,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,以‘F优498’水稻品种为试验材料,研究了不同氮肥处理[普通尿素优化施肥、减氮15%优化施肥、增氮15%优化施肥,PASP（聚天门冬氨酸）尿素1次施肥、2次施和优化施肥]对稻米品质的影响。结果显示,温江的碾米品质、外观品质和籽粒粗蛋白含量较优;射洪的峰值黏度和崩解值较高,消减值较低,蒸煮食味品质较好,同时直链淀粉含量较高。随着氮肥的施用,稻米碾米品质、直链淀粉含量和籽粒粗蛋白含量显著提高,崩解值显著降低;同时导致射洪生态点的峰值黏度增加,消减值减少;温江生态点的稻米外观品质变优,峰值黏度减小,消减值增加。较农民经验性施肥处理,普通尿素优化处理和PASP尿素处理提高了直链淀粉含量和籽粒粗蛋白含量,降低了温江垩白粒率和垩白度,改善了外观品质;氮肥优化处理降低了峰值黏度和崩解值,提高了消减值,使稻米蒸煮食味品质变差,同时提高了射洪精米率和温江整精米率。较优化施肥处理,PASP尿素处理降低了两试验点的精米率、整精米率和温江垩白粒率,增加了射洪的垩白粒率和垩白度,使外观品质变差;同时PASP尿素1次施肥和2次施肥处理降低了直链淀粉含量和籽粒粗蛋白含量;PASP尿素优化施肥处理降低了两试验点的峰值黏度、崩解值和温江直链淀粉含量,提高了两试验点的籽粒粗蛋白含量和射洪直链淀粉含量。较优化施肥处理,减氮15%和增氮15%优化施肥处理降低了两试验点的直链淀粉含量、整精米率及温江垩白粒率,增加了射洪垩白粒率和垩白度。与PASP尿素1次和2次施肥相比,PASP尿素优化施肥显著降低了垩白度、峰值黏度和崩解值,增加了消减值和籽粒粗蛋白含量;同时导致射洪生态点的整精米率降低,垩白粒率和直链淀粉含量增加;温江生态点的垩白粒率降低,整精米率增加。综合稻米碾米品质、外观品质、淀粉RVA、直链淀粉含量和籽粒粗蛋白含量的关系,射洪PASP尿素2次施肥处理稻米综合品质较好,温江优化施肥处理稻米综合品质较好。 相似文献
8.
粳稻粒位间淀粉RVA谱特征与其它品质性状的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确RVA谱特征值在评价稻米品质中的作用,本文选用不同穗型水稻为材料,按照穗部位置分为27个粒位,研究了不同粒位上淀粉RVA谱特征与其它品质性状的关系。结果表明碾米品质中的整精米率和粒长与峰值黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值3个特征值有极显著正相关关系。外观品质中的垩白率、垩白度和营养品质中的总蛋白质含量、清蛋白含量、醇溶蛋白含量、谷蛋白含量、脂肪酸含量都与峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值呈极显著负相关,与消减值极显著正相关;球蛋白含量则表现相反规律。蒸煮食味品质中的食味值、直链淀粉含量和胶稠度与峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值3个特征参数呈极显著正相关,与消减值呈极显著负相关,尤其是与峰值黏度和崩解值2个参数的相关系数较大。淀粉RVA谱特征值能密切反映稻米品质的好坏,穗下部二次枝梗籽粒的峰值黏度和崩解值的大小可以作为优质粳稻辅助选择的首选指标。 相似文献
9.
氮肥对稻米垩白及蒸煮食味品质特性的影响 总被引：84，自引：2，他引：84
利用稻米品质特性不同的 7个粳稻品种 ,研究了氮肥对稻米垩白率、理化特性及淀粉谱特性的影响。结果表明 ,随着氮肥施用量的增加 ,稻米垩白率和直链淀粉含量逐渐降低 ,胶稠度变短 ,蛋白质含量提高 ,而在稻米淀粉谱特性中除糊化开始温度略提高外 ,其余特性均降低或变小 ;在水稻全生育期施同等量的氮肥时 ,与生育前期追施氮肥相比 ,抽穗期追施氮肥 ,其稻米的垩白率和直链淀粉含量降低 ,胶稠度变短 ,蛋白质含量提高 ,但对稻米淀粉谱特性的影响很小。品质特性对氮肥的反应敏感程度品种间有差异。 相似文献
10.
本试验以水稻胚乳糖质突变体Sug-11与其野生型对照中花11为材料,利用扫描电镜、激光散射粒度分析仪、差示扫描量热分析仪和X-射线衍射图谱等方法,对两者稻米淀粉粒的形态结构、粒径分布、晶体结构和酶解抗性及其糊化过程中的热力学参数变化进行比较分析,揭示胚乳糖质稻米淀粉的理化特征,为稻米品质改良和功能稻米的开发提供理论依据.结果表明,胚乳糖质突变体Sug-11的稻米淀粉粒径分布呈单峰状正态分布,与野生型对照相比其稻米淀粉平均粒径值(6.48 μm)显著降低,大型淀粉粒(粒径大于8μm)比例(21.63％)显著减少,而小型和中型淀粉粒比例则明显增多,扫描电镜下Sug-11的淀粉粒结构更接近于籽粒灌浆过程胚乳尚未完全充实时的淀粉粒形态结构特点;突变体Sug-11的淀粉粒酶解抗性与野生对照相比显著下降,其抗性淀粉含量的下降幅度接近50％,同时,Sug-11除具有相对较低的淀粉糊化温度外,其淀粉粒糊化过程的热焓值(△H)也显著降低.Sug-11糖质突变体的淀粉晶体类型与野生对照相同(A型淀粉晶体),其淀粉粒的相对结晶度(35.3％)略低于对照,两者间的差异主要表现在诸尖峰的相对强度比值和相对结晶度上,而20°2θ/18°2θ的尖峰相对强度比值则高于其野生对照;糖质突变对稻米淀粉的化学组分(成)、膨胀势和溶解度也产生了十分显著的影响,突变体Sug-11的淀粉溶解度显著高于野生对照,而淀粉膨胀势和表观直链淀粉含量则显著低于野生对照材料. 相似文献
11.
花后增温对双季优质稻产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确未来气候变暖对双季优质稻产量和稻米品质的影响,采用开放式主动增温系统,早稻以金早47(常规籼稻)、两优287(杂交籼稻),晚稻以象牙香珍(常规籼稻)、万象优华占(杂交籼稻)和甬优5550(籼粳杂交稻)为试验材料,研究花后增温对双季优质稻产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,花后増温(早稻1.29℃,晚稻1.73℃)对早晚稻产量均无显著影响。增温条件下,早稻加工品质和垩白粒率均无显著变化,垩白度平均提高了16.0%;晚稻糙米率、整精米率、垩白粒率和垩白度分别平均提高了1.8%、3.5%、30.3%和27.2%;早晚稻蛋白质含量平均提高了6.27%,但直链淀粉含量平均降低了3.53%,淀粉颗粒的平均粒径提高了0.09 μm。增温对稻米RVA谱特征值的影响在季别和品种间存在较大变异。综上,花后增温对早晚稻产量无显著影响,有利于改善稻米的加工品质和营养品质,但降低了稻米的外观品质。本研究结果为未来气候变暖下双季优质稻的优质丰产栽培提供了理论依据。 相似文献
12.
Morphological, physical, and chemical properties of grain and flour of 20 chalky rice mutants were compared with those of a translucent parental cultivar, Koshihikari. Compound starch granules were loosely packed and single starch granules were observed in chalky parts of mutant endosperm. Chalky mutant lines were classified into milky‐white and white‐core lines based on the degree of endosperm chalkiness. Physical and chemical characteristics also suggest a division of chalky mutant lines into two groups, consistent with the classification made based on morphological characteristics. Milky‐white mutant lines showed significantly lower grain weight, decreased starch content, and lower grain hardness than white‐core mutants and Koshihikari. Rice flour prepared from milky‐white mutants by dry milling showed less starch damage and finer mean particle size than white‐core mutants and the parent. These results indicated that a loosely packed structure in chalky endosperm was responsible for fragile grain and that it yielded fine flour with lower damaged starch contents. Decreased starch contents of chalky mutant lines correlated to lower RVA viscosities. Milky‐white mutant lines were expected to be useful to produce fine flour, which undergoes less starch damage during dry milling processing. 相似文献
13.
采用60Coγ射线200Gy辐照处理晚粳稻密穗型材料U5纯系干种子,经加代筛选后,获得了粳稻伞状穗型突变体,取名为ET2。与原亲本比较,ET2穗部形态发生了明显变异,其一次枝梗着生角度显著增大,与穗轴的张开角达30°~40°;其未成熟粒、垩白粒率和垩白度分别减少41.8%、39.8%和59.1%;其籽粒产量提高4.15%。分析ET2穗部不同部位籽粒特性表明,在未成熟粒和垩白改良方面,其穗下部显著优于穗中部,而穗中部又优于穗上部。ET2的诱发可能是培育籽粒优良、密穗型高产晚粳稻品种的一条有效途径。 相似文献
14.
The effect of excess nickel (as NiSO4) on starch mobilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains or dehulled rice grains during germination was investigated. Excess NiSO4 had no effect on starch content and α-amylase activity in endosperm of germinating rice grains or germinating dehulled rice grains. Evidence is provided to show that the hull is a barrier against influx of Ni2+ to endosperm; endosperm per se is less effective in Ni2+ uptake; and α-amylase extracted from the endosperm of germinating rice grains is highly resistant to excess Ni2+. 相似文献
15.
16.
钾肥用量对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以粳稻品种空育131为试材,研究不同钾肥用量对其产量构成和品质性状的影响,为寒地水稻生产的合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,施用钾肥显著提高了有效穗数、穗粒数、稻谷产量和整精米率,降低了垩白粒率和胚乳直链淀粉含量,而对结实率、千粒重、糙米率、垩白面积和垩白度的影响较小;施钾使胚乳中总氮和蛋白氮含量增加,并提高蛋白氮比例,改善营养品质;施钾降低了糊化开始温度、冷胶黏度、回复值和消减值,提高了最高黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值,各特征值以回复值受影响最大。钾肥对水稻产量构成、品质指标及淀粉黏滞性谱特性的影响,在一定的范围内随施用量增加变化较明显,达到一定用量后继续增施钾肥效应减弱;试验条件下,以90.0kghm-2K2O的施用量较佳。 相似文献
17.
Chalkiness is one of the most influential factors on head rice yield. Parboiling is known to be an effective way to remove chalkiness and improve head rice yield. However, the steps involved in the removal of chalkiness are still not completely resolved. This study investigated the effects of soaking temperature, soaking duration, and drying conditions on the removal of rice chalkiness. Chalky brown rice kernels were selected and soaked at 25, 65, 70, or 75°C for 3 h. After 1, 2, or 3 h, the rice samples were frozen before drying or immediately dried. Soaking at 25°C did not remove chalkiness and caused no morphological change in starch granules. When the soaking temperature increased from 25 to 65, 70, and 75°C, the chalkiness decreased from 100% to 34.1, 29.7, and 15.9%, respectively. Soaking rice at temperatures above the starch glass transition temperature but below the gelatinization temperature reduced chalkiness owing to rearrangement of starch granules and protein denaturation to fill the void spaces in the chalky area. During soaking, the morphology of starch granules also changed from round to angular in shape. Drying at temperatures above the starch glass transition temperature also facilitated rearrangement of starch granules to further reduce rice chalkiness. 相似文献
18.
Masaki Okuda Isao Aramaki Takuya Koseki Hikaru Satoh Katsumi Hashizume 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(4):361-368
Using rice samples derived from normal rice cultivars and endosperm starch mutant, we investigated key factors contributing to the enzyme digestibility of steamed rice grains. The chemical composition of polished rice grains, structural features of endosperm starch, and enzyme digestibility of steamed rice grains were examined. The protein content of polished rice grains was 4.6–9.1%, amylose content was 4–27%, the DPn of purified amylose was 900–1,600, the amylopectin short/long chain ratio was 1.2–5.9, and the enzyme digestibilities of steamed polished rice grains were 0.9–12.6 °Brix. Amylose content and RVA parameters (viscosity, breakdown, and setback) correlated significantly with enzyme digestibility of steamed rice grains. Multiple regression formulas were constructed to predict digestibility of steamed rice grain as a function of the molecular characteristics of the starch. When both amylose content and the short/long chain amylopectin ratio were used as predictor variables, they accounted for >80% of the observed variance in digestibility of steamed rice grains. Multiple regression revealed that the more digestible rice samples had starch with a lower amylose content and more short‐chain amylopectin. Reassociation of amylose‐lipid complex and recrystallization of amylopectin in the stored steamed rice grains was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the observed retrogradation properties were related to the structural characteristics of starch and to the enzyme digestibility of steamed rice grains. 相似文献
19.
High‐quality japonica rices Yujing 6 and Fangxin 4 were cultured under ambient night temperature (ANT, 19.7°C) and high night temperature (HNT, 26.7°C) in a greenhouse for the analysis of amyloplast development and grain quality during the grain‐filling stage. Results indicated that the HNT treatment had distinct effects on the grain‐filling rate of Yujing 6 and Fangxin 4 1–10 days after anthesis. HNT increased the rate of grain filling by 9.89–40.45% and decreased the accumulation of grain‐filling matter, resulting in inferior appearance and poor milling qualities (e.g., brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, imperfect rice rate, chalky rice rate, and chalkiness degree). Results from a rapid viscosity analyzer showed that the HNT treatment decreased the paste viscosity, depending on the rice cultivar. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the gelatinization temperatures of HNT such as onset temperature, peak temperature, and final temperature were all significantly higher than those of ANT. However, HNT had no distinct effects on the X‐ray diffraction pattern of rice starch. 相似文献
20.
以大穗型超级杂交粳稻‘甬优8号’为材料,设置麦秸还田(麦秸全量还田与麦秸不还田)和结实期灌溉方式(浅水层灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉)两因素试验,研究其对大穗型超级稻籽粒结实和主要米质性状的影响。结果表明:结实期灌溉方式对籽粒结实性状有显著影响。在麦秸还田与麦秸不还田下,与浅水层灌溉相比,轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了‘甬优8号’的千粒重、结实率、充实度,而重干湿交替灌溉则相反;麦秸还田处理下籽粒结实性状均优于秸秆不还田处理,麦秸还田与结实期轻干湿交替灌溉互作可以改善超级稻‘甬优8号’的结实性状;与麦秸不还田相比,麦秸还田提高了籽粒的整精米率、粗蛋白含量和消减值,降低了垩白率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和崩解值;与浅水层灌溉相比,轻干湿交替灌溉降低了直链淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量和消减值,提高了整精米率、垩白率、垩白度、胶稠度和崩解值,但重干湿交替灌溉则使米质明显变差;两处理对弱势粒的主要稻米品质的调控作用大于强势粒。在麦秸还田下,结实期轻干湿交替灌溉可以较好地协调‘甬优8号’结实性状和稻米品质间的关系。 相似文献