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1.
倒伏是限制玉米高产稳产的一个重要因素,茎秆穿刺强度与抗倒伏性呈显著或极显著相关。为探讨糯玉米育种中抗倒伏性状遗传效果,利用遗传差异较大的 11 个糯玉米自交系,采用不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计组配 28 个杂交组合,对糯玉米茎秆穿刺强度进行配合力及遗传参数的分析。结果表明：糯玉米茎秆穿刺强度的 GCA 正效应值前三的自交系为N27-1>N51>N9-1;糯玉米茎秆穿刺强度以加性效应为主,由加性和非加性基因共同调控;自交系的一般配合力与组合的特殊配合力之间无直接的相关性;糯玉米茎秆穿刺强度的广义遗传率为 75.39%,说明该性状的遗传变异受环境影响较小,主要由遗传决定。狭义遗传率较低,为 40.99%,在育种过程中,尽量于高世代进行该性状的选择,让加性效应逐渐积累。 相似文献
2.
利用13份玉米自交系按不完全双列杂交组配成40个组合,对其穗部产量性状的一般配合力(GCA)、特殊配合力(SCA)和遗传变量进行估算分析。结果表明,除出子率外,所考察性状的GCA和SCA都达到极显著差异。R258和H24综合性状较优,是可用来组配强优势杂交组合的优良自交系。 相似文献
3.
玉米抗茎秆倒伏相关因素的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(6)
以6个玉米F1代杂交组合(DF-1×DF-2,DF-1×DF-3,DF-1×DF-4,DF-2×DF-3,DF-2×DF-4,DF-3×DF-4)为材料,研究了密度、组合方式和农艺性状对玉米F1代杂交组合成熟期茎秆倒伏率的影响。结果表明密度和茎秆倒伏率之间存在极显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.25;随着种植密度的增大,6个F1代杂交组合中4个组合茎秆倒伏率显著的增加,而2个组合茎秆倒伏率增加不显著;组合方式对玉米茎秆倒伏具有显著的影响,自交系DF-1组配的3个F1代杂交组合茎秆倒伏率居于前3位,105 000株/公顷密度时DF-1×DF-3和DF-1×DF-4的茎秆倒伏率分别为94.64%和62.80%,这表明自交系DF-1可能含有致F1代杂交组合茎秆倒伏的基因;茎秆倒伏率与株高、穗位高和穗上节间数之间经相关分析达到极显著水平,与茎粗之间经相关分析达到显著水平,而与穗下节间数、穗叶宽、穗上叶宽和穗下叶宽之间的相关性未达到显著水平。研究认为,自交系DF-1可能含有致F1代杂交组合茎秆倒伏的基因,可用于抗茎倒基因定位及基因挖掘研究;随着种植密度的增大,2个杂交组合茎秆倒伏率增加不显著,这表明通过高密度筛选获得抗倒耐密的F1代杂交组合是完全可行的。 相似文献
4.
（河南省鹤壁市农业科学院，鹤壁458030）
摘要：选用综合性状较好的12个母本和6个父本自交系，按照NCII遗传交配设计，组配了72个杂交组合，对单株产量及相关农艺性状的配合力、杂种优势等效应进行分析。结果表明，杂交组合的6个相关性状在一般配合力（GCA）、特殊配合力(SCA)上差异极显著。B2等母本自交系和A1等父本自交系的雄穗主轴长、雄穗分枝数的GCA相对效应值为较高负值或正值，且杂交组合的SCA相对效应值为较高正值以上自交系进行组配，更利于减少雄穗养分竞争，保证完全授粉。A5等自交系可以显著降低杂交组合的株高，B3等自交系可以显著降低杂交种的穗位高，B1等自交系可以增加杂交组合的茎粗，利用以上自交系进行组配更利于选育出株高适中、茎秆粗壮、低穗位、抗倒伏能力较强的杂交组合。单株产量比对照增产较高的两个组合B6×A5、B6×A6综合性状均较好，无明显的缺点，且符合当前中高秆品种的选育目标，可以作为优势杂交组合进一步研究利用。 相似文献
5.
采用NCII设计,在6万株·hm-2密度下,对5份先锋玉米种质的遗传改良系和旅大红骨群自交系组配的25个玉米杂交组合进行穗部性状配合力分析,总结了这5份先锋玉米改良系的利用价值和改良成效。结果表明:JK 18和JK 20的单株产量一般配合力高,由此2自交系共组配出4个高产组合,有极大的增产潜力。JK 80单株产量一般配合力低,但有1个高产组合,可以进一步改良,发掘利用。先锋种质改良系×旅大红骨组配模式较国内Reid×旅大红骨组配模式的耐密性有所改良,有较大的应用潜力,可在高产密植型杂交种选育中进行应用。 相似文献
6.
选用国内11个玉米自交系,采用GriffingⅣ双列杂交设计组配出55个杂交组合,对穗粒重、穗长、穗粗等8个穗部性状一般配合力和特殊配合力进行分析,结果表明:穗行数、行粒数、轴粗、秃尖等性状主要由基因的加性效应起作用,穗粒重主要是受非加性基因效应的作用;郑58×5003/412、昌7-2×综31、B73×昌7-2等10个组合的单穗粒重和千粒重的特殊配合力较高;昌7-2、P138、B73、242/B84具有较高单穗粒重性状GCA效应优势;昌7-2和郑58自交系秃尖性状上一般配合力为负数;5003/412、P138、综31具有穗长和行粒数性状GCA效应优势。 相似文献
7.
以不同类群的18个玉米自交系为母本,6个标准测验种为父本,利用NC-II设计,组配108个杂交组合,对亲本自交系氮效率相关性状进行统计分析,并对杂交组合的产量及氮效率相关性状进行配合力分析。结果表明,吐丝期叶绿素相对含量在2个施氮处理下均与氮效率呈极显著正相关(r = 0.553, 0.639),可作为评价亲本自交系氮效率高低的指标;从氮效率2个构成方面来看,不施氮处理下氮利用效率起主要作用,而施氮处理下氮吸收效率起主要作用。亲本氮效率配合力分析表明,在氮高效品种选育中,应保证亲本至少有一个是氮效率一般配合力(GCA)较高的自交系,并选择由其组配的氮效率特殊配合力(SCA)高的组合;双亲的配合力氮效率总体效应(TCA)决定着组合F1代的产量及氮效率,TCA可作为选育氮高效杂交组合的理论依据。母本自交系BL12、BL48分别在施纯氮225 kg hm-2 (N225)和450 kg hm-2 (N450)处理下,具有较高的GCA效应,是较好的氮高效育种材料,其杂交组合BL12×178、BL48×掖478分别在N225,N450处理下表现较优,是优良的氮高效杂交组合。 相似文献
8.
选用4份分枝型恢复系和6份雄性不育系材料作亲本,按照不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计配制24份向日葵杂交组合,对组合的小区产量、单株产量、单盘实粒数、百粒重、籽仁率、籽粒长度和籽粒宽度7个性状的亲本配合力、遗传参数及竞争优势进行分析。结果表明,24份组合的7个性状存在真实性的遗传差异。在亲本不育系一般配合力（GCA）选择的基础上,应注意组合特殊配合力（SCA）的选择,GCA效应值高的亲本育种潜力较大,组配出优势组合的概率大;籽粒长度和籽粒宽度的狭义遗传力较低,分别为7.91%和14.89%,不宜进行早代选择;GCA较高的不育系为亲本A和亲本D,其中亲本A在各性状上均为正向GCA效应值,且在供试不育系中,其GCA效应值最大,其次为亲本D;组合1×A小区产量的SCA效应值及竞争优势最高,为本试验中的最优组合,其他籽粒性状与对照相比也均有提升。 相似文献
9.
17个玉米地方种质选系的配合力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析玉米地方种质选系的配合力,可以为探明自交系的应用价值提供技术支撑。选用11个自交系为测验种,采用不完全双列杂交设计,对17个玉米地方种质新选的自交系的配合力、杂种优势以及主要性状遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:单株产量GCA表现突出,且构成产量因子性状GCA表现也较好的新选自交系有P1-1、P1-16和P1-14;SCA值高、杂种优势强的组合是P2-4×P1-10;在株高、穗位高、穗行数等4个性状中,亲本的基因加性效应对F1性状形成起主导作用,而穗长、秃尖长、百粒质量等5个性状的遗传变异主要来自于基因非加性效应。因此,对于高产组合的选配,至少要选择1个GCA高的材料作亲本,并在此基础上兼顾SCA的选择,而利用地方种质选系则应根据性状遗传特性决定其选择时期和选择强度。 相似文献
10.
以6个高粱不育系为母本,4个高粱恢复系为父本,按照NC-Ⅱ不完全双列杂交组配24个杂交组合,对高粱自交系及杂交组合的主要农艺性状进行配合力、杂种优势及遗传参数进行分析。结果表明,除产量和糖锤度外,其余10个农艺性状受加性遗传和非加性遗传共同作用,但非加性遗传作用比较突出,容易受环境及栽培条件的影响,不宜在早代进行选择。全部自交系中,A 1整体性状优良,具有很大的利用潜力。组合A 6×B 3在茎粗、主穗长度、千粒重和糖锤度上SCA效应值最大,可用于选育抗倒伏和高产品种。在所有组合中,超亲优势主要体现在高粱生育期性状和穗部性状上,适宜选育晚熟型高产品种。高粱是杂种优势利用的典型作物之一,在选择高粱杂交亲本时,要综合考虑亲本GCA和组合间SCA对杂交后代的影响,在高GCA亲本的基础上选择SCA高的杂交组合,会大大提高优势杂交组合出现的概率,加快高粱种质资源的创新步伐。 相似文献
11.
Identification of hybrids for commercialization is crucial for sustainable maize production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). One hundred and ninety test crosses, 10 tester × tester crosses + 10 hybrid checks were evaluated across 11 environments, 2017 to 2019. Inheritance of grain yield under Striga infestation, optimal and across environments was influenced by additive genetic action, but there was greater influence of nonadditive gene action under drought stress conditions. Nine, seven and two inbreds had significant and positive general combining ability (GCA) effects for grain yield under Striga-infested, optimal and drought stress environments, respectively, and would contribute high grain yield to their progenies. Heterotic grouping methods based on specific and GCA, GCA effects of multiple traits and DArTseq markers classified the inbreds into five, three and two heterotic groups, respectively, across research conditions. The DArTseq markers method that classified the inbred lines into two major heterotic groups and was one of the most efficient methods should be adopted for practical purposes in maize breeding programmes in SSA. Hybrids TZEI 7 × TZdEI 352, TZEI 1238 × TZEI 7 and TZEI 1252 × TZEI 7 had outstanding grain yield under contrasting environments and should be tested on-farm for commercialization in SSA. 相似文献
12.
种植密度对不同株高夏玉米品种茎秆性状与抗倒伏能力的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
倒伏是影响夏玉米在密植条件下获得高产的重要限制因素之一,本研究旨在探讨种植密度对不同株高夏玉米品种茎秆性状与抗倒伏能力的影响。以矮秆品种登海661 (DH661)和高秆品种鲁单981 (LD981)为试验材料,通过设置4.50×104株 hm-2、6.75×104株 hm-2和9.00×104株 hm-2 3个种植密度,研究茎秆节间长度、茎秆穿刺强度、茎秆显微结构以及倒伏率等方面的变化。结果表明,随种植密度增加,夏玉米的基部第3茎节间和穗位节间变细,茎秆穿刺强度显著下降,较密度4.50万株 hm-2,DH661和LD981 6.75万株 hm-2、9.00万株 hm-2地上第3节间茎秆穿刺强度分别降低了8.5%、22.6%和13.3%、29.6%;茎秆皮层和维管束内部厚壁细胞厚度及维管束数目均随种植密度的增加显著下降,倒伏风险增加,但矮秆品种的下降幅度小于高秆品种,而产量的增加幅度大于高秆品种,说明矮秆品种在高密度下能够保持较好的抗倒伏性能,有助于其在高密度种植条件下获得高产、稳产。 相似文献
13.
Introduced maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm can serve as sources of favorable alleles to enhance performance in new maize varieties and hybrids under drought stress conditions. In the present study, the combining abilities of 12 exotic maize inbred lines from CIMMYT and 12 adapted maize inbred lines from IITA were studied for grain yield and other traits under controlled drought stress. The inbred lines from each institution were separated into groups using SSR-based genetic diversity and were intercrossed using a factorial mating scheme to generate 96 hybrids. These hybrids were evaluated under both controlled drought stress and well-watered conditions at Ikenne in Nigeria in 2010 and 2011. Average mean yields of hybrids under drought stress represented 23 % of the average yield of hybrids under full irrigation. General combining ability (GCA) effects accounted for 49–85 % of the observed variation for several traits recorded under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. Specific combining ability effects for grain yield, though positive in most hybrids, were not significant under drought stress conditions. All the twelve exotic and nine adapted lines had positive GCA effects (female, male, or both) for grain yield under either drought stress or full irrigation, or both environments. EXL03 and EXL15 that had positive and significant female and male GCA effects for grain yield under both environments can be used to improve their adapted counterparts for grain yield and drought tolerance. Normalized difference vegetation index had weak but significant correlation with grain yield. 相似文献
14.
种植密度对贵州春玉米茎秆抗倒伏性能及籽粒产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确密植条件下春玉米茎秆特性和产量的变化及其相互关系,为贵州春玉米密植高产提供理论依据和实践指导。以贵州广泛种植的玉米品种先玉1171和新中玉801为材料,设置3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5、9.0和10.5万株hm-26个密度,于2018—2019年开展田间试验,研究种植密度对春玉米茎秆形态特征和力学特性、空秆率、倒伏率和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)春玉米株高和穗位高随密度增加先增高后降低;增密后第3节长增幅最大,第3节单位茎长干重、穿刺强度和抗折力,第7节茎粗、干重和横截面积下降幅度最大;密度对茎秆横截面扁率影响不显著。品种之间比较,先玉1171节间长,第3、5节的节间干重和第3节穿刺强度显著高于新中玉801,第7节干重、节间粗、单位茎长干重、节间横截面积、横截面扁率和抗折力显著低于新中玉801。(2)倒伏率和空秆率随密度增加而增大,增密后先玉1171倒伏率显著高于新中玉801,空秆率显著低于新中玉801。(3)产量随密度增加先增加后降低,先玉1171和新中玉801分别在9.3万株hm^-2和8.6万株hm^-2时产量最高。增密后先玉1171比新中玉801增产10.28%,有效穗数和穗粒数更高。(4)相关和多元回归分析表明,株高、穗位高与倒伏率显著正相关,节间粗和单位茎长干物质对玉米茎秆抗折力的正向影响显著。产量与茎秆性状密切相关,株高对产量的正向影响最大。可见,不同春玉米茎秆抗倒伏性能和籽粒产量对密度的响应有差异,新中玉801增密后茎秆节间短而粗,单位茎长干重较大,抗倒伏能力较强。而先玉1171由于在高密度下空秆率比新中玉801低,有较高的有效穗数和穗粒数,因此高密度下产量更高。综合考虑茎秆性状和产量,先玉1171和新中玉801在贵州适宜密度分别为9.0万株hm^-2和8.5万株hm^-2。 相似文献
15.
Combining ability information is necessary for selection of suitable advanced lines for hybridization and identification of promising hybrids for development of improved varieties. A number of 14 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and 91 related crosses were evaluated over two years, 2008 and 2009, in a temperate-zone of Iran. The objectives of the study were to identify the best general and specific combiners, heterosis and type of gene actions responsible for agronomic traits. Except for grain yield and growing degree day to milky, significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability were observed for all traits. The Baker ratio for plant height (0.15), ear height (0.26), growing degree day to milky stage (0.04), and grain yield (0.002) showed the predominance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. The heterosis observed for grain yield, grain number, pollination period, ear and plant height was considerably higher than that observed for other traits. The correlations (r) of F1 means and SCA effects were positive and significantly higher than that of r (F1, mid-parents) and r (F1, heterosis) for all the traits except cob percent, growing degree days to silking, and physiological maturity. MO17, K3547/5, and K3615/2 had negative GCA effects for growing degree day to milky stage and maturity. Among hybrids, MO17 × K3653/2, B73 × K3651/2, and K3545/6 × K3493/1 with positive SCAs for pollination period and grain yield had also negative SCA effects for degree day to silking and milky stages. Therefore, the use of these inbred lines and hybrids increases the response to selection for increasing grain yield and early maturity in maize. 相似文献
16.
Mateus Figueiredo Santos Tassiano Maxwell Marinho Câmara Gustavo Vitti Moro Emiliano Fernandes Nassau Costa Cláudio Lopes De Souza Jr 《Euphytica》2007,157(1-2):185-194
This research reports responses to selection and changes in general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities after three
cycles of a modified reciprocal recurrent selection procedure (MRRS) in EPB-4 and EPB-5 maize populations. In the MRRS procedure
a cycle can be completed in 1 or 2 years depending on the availability of winter breeding nurseries. The original and the
three selection cycles of the two populations per se (eight entries) and the partial diallel developed from the crosses between
them (16 entries) were evaluated in six environments. Realized response to selection on the population cross was 7.25% cycle−1 for grain yield, −13.63% cycle−1 for plant lodging, and 11.93% cyle−1 for prolificacy, whereas plant and ear heights remained unchanged. GCA estimates increased with selection cycles for both
populations for grain yield and prolificacy, and decreased for plant lodging, indicating that the frequency of favorable alleles
with additive effects for these traits increased with the MRRS cycles in both populations. SCA estimates increased for grain
yield and prolificacy indicating that the frequency of favorable complementary alleles at loci with non-additive effects in
the reciprocal populations increased with the MRRS cycles. For grain yield, SCA effects increased more than GCA effects with
selection cycles, indicating that MRRS exploited more the non-additive effects than the additive effects for the improvement
of this trait. The overall results showed that the MRRS procedure was highly effective in improving the population cross,
exploiting both GCA and SCA effects. 相似文献
17.
Estimates of combining abilities and heterosis of inbred lines are imperative for selection of suitable parents of maize hybrids. This study examined the combining ability of 24 drought-tolerant maize inbred lines, 12 each from International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The lines were allotted into six groups each comprising four lines. The four lines in one group were used as females and crossed to the four lines in another group as males in six different sets using a North Carolina Design II mating scheme to generate 96 hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated together with four checks across six environments in the rainforest and savannah agro-ecologies of Nigeria between 2011 and 2012. The parental inbred lines were also evaluated in separate trial in each location. Significant hybrids × environment interaction was observed for grain yield and other measured traits. GCA effects accounted for 83.3% of the variation for grain yield at Bagauda, 78.1% at Saminaka, and 77.7% at Ikenne. GCA also contributed 91.1 and 80.0% to the variation observed for plant height and ear aspect, respectively, across the environments. Significant SCA × environment interaction detected for grain yield suggests that hybrids were not stable across test environments. Prediction of grain yield in hybrids using midparent values resulted in a R 2 value of 0.13. Midparent heterosis for grain yield varied from 80 to 411%, with the top 36 hybrids recording >200%. Four CIMMYT (EXL02, EXL06, EXL04 and EXL16) and three IITA (ADL33, ADL41, and ADL32) inbred lines had positive and significant GCA effects for grain yield across environments. The novel alleles present in the CIMMYT lines will improve the adapted IITA germplasm in a new population for extracting new set of more productive inbred lines for developing adapted high yielding drought-tolerant maize hybrids. 相似文献
18.
G. A. Owusu D. Nyadanu K. Obeng-Antwi R. Adu Amoah F. C. Danso S. Amissah 《Euphytica》2017,213(12):287
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced in Ghana. However, yield of the crop is generally low, producing just about 1.7 t/ha. The low yield is attributed to continuous use of local/unimproved varieties. Generally, hybrid varieties have proven to out-yield the local/unimproved varieties due to improved vigour. Development of hybrid varieties depend on good understanding of combining ability and inheritance of important quantitative traits such as grain yield (GY). 45 half-diallel crosses generated from 10 extra-early maturing yellow inbred lines were evaluated in 2015 under rain-fed conditions. The objectives were to determine the genetic control, breeding value and estimate heritability for GY and agronomic traits of the inbred lines under contrasting growing environments in Ghana. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were important in the inheritance of GY and agronomic traits of the inbred lines. However, GCA was more important than SCA across environments to suggest that additive gene action was more important than non-additive gene action in the inheritance of GY and agronomic traits in the inbred lines. High broad-sense heritability, for GY and other agronomic traits indicated preponderance of additive gene action in trait expression, thus, selection based on phenotypic expression could be feasible. Inbred lines P1, P4 and P8 were good combiners for high GY. The genotype, P4 × P8, was identified as the ideal and most yielding single-cross hybrid across research environments and should be further tested on-farm before commercialization. 相似文献
19.
Maize ( Zea mays ) is a staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa, but its production is threatened by Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Transfer of resistance genes from wild relatives may increase resistance to S. hermonthica in tropical maize. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability of resistance to S. hermonthica among lines containing Zea diploperennis and tropical germplasm. Forty-five diallel crosses of 10 inbred lines were evaluated in an alpha-lattice design with and without artificial Striga infestation at two locations each in the Republic of Benin and Nigeria for 3 years. Results of analyses showed that only general combining ability (GCA) mean square was significant (P = 0.01) for number of emerged Striga plants (NESPP), while both GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant for host damage score (HDS) and grain yield under Striga infestation. The ratio of GCA to SCA mean squares for the three traits varied from 3.5 to 57.5. Although GCA × environment interaction was significant for the three traits, two inbred lines containing Z. diploperennis (ZD 551) and tropical (TZL TC 87) germplasm had negative and significant GCA effects for NESPP and HDS and positive GCA effects for grain yield under Striga infestation in the two countries. Correlation between NESPP and HDS was strong and significant ( r = 0.87, P = 0.01). Our results highlight the importance of harnessing useful genes from wild relatives to improve resistance to S. hermonthica in adapted maize germplasm. 相似文献
20.
Root lodging is an important problem in corn fields. Fungi recovered from roots include seedling blight and stalk rot pathogens.
The objective of this work was to study the inheritance of maize seedling resistance to pathogens causing maize lodging. The
Fusarium graminearum strain, 241 Fr1, was isolated from maize lodged plants and identified as the most pathogenic isolate for root rotting. Nine inbred lines
of maize and their diallel F1 crosses plus control genotypes were studied. Seedlings were inoculated at the stage of four-leaves. Disease severity was
measured as percentage of the root rotted area. Highly significant differences between inoculated and non-inoculated genotypes
were found. Four genetic models and two statistical approaches—the mixed model for the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)
and the general linear model (GLM)—were used for the analysis. Favorable heterosis of resistance of hybrids over inbreds was
the most important effect detected. The general combining ability (GCA) effects were significant for all genetic models and
statistical methods studied, and a good agreement existed among the GCA estimates by the different methods. The type of gene
action, either additive or dominance, showed a large variation among the parental inbreds and hybrids. Selection of additive
effects based exclusively on inbred lines is not sufficient to confer resistance to hybrids, additional selection should be
practiced on hybrids to look for favorable dominance effects.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献