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1.
Veronica O Wikstr?m Lise-Lotte Fernstr?m Lennart Melin Sofia Boqvist 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):7
Background
This study investigates Salmonella spp. isolated from privately kept reptiles and from environmental samples such as bedding materials or water from the floor of the enclosures (terraria). It also compares isolation of Salmonella using Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) medium or selective enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis-Soya (RVS) pepton broth. Cloacal swabs or swabs from the cloacal area were collected from 63 individual reptiles belonging to 14 households. All reptiles were from different terraria and from 62 of these, environmental samples were also collected. Sampling were done by the reptile owners according to written instructions and sent by mail immediately after sampling. All but three samples were analyzed within 24 h after collection. Colonies suspected for Salmonella were tested for agglutination and serotyped using the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme. The relative sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) for MSRV compared with RVS, and the agreement coefficient kappa (κ) were calculated.Results
Salmonella was isolated from 50/63 (80%) terraria, either from the reptiles (31/63; 49%) or from bedding material (39/62; 63%). The most common subspecies was Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica followed by S. enterica subspecies diarizonae. In reptiles, the most common S. enterica subspecies enterica serovars were Java (n = 4) and Fluntern (n = 4), compared with the serovars Tennessee (n = 10) and Fluntern (n = 10) in the environmental samples. The exact same set of Salmonella subspecies and serovars were not isolated from the individual reptiles and the environmental samples from any of the households. Isolation using MSRV yielded more Salmonella isolates 61/113 (54%) than enrichment in RVS 57/125 (46%). The se was 97.9% (95% Confidence Interval 93.9-100), the sp 78.5% (95% CI 68.5-88.5) and the κ 0.74, indicating substantial agreement between the tests.Conclusions
Salmonella can be expected to be present in environments where reptiles are kept. This constitutes public health risks and should be considered during handling of the reptiles and during cleaning and disposal of bedding. A combination of different culturing techniques may be used to increase the isolation rate. 相似文献2.
Karin S?derqvist Sofia Boqvist Georges Wauters Ivar V?gsholm Susanne Thisted-Lambertz 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):39
Background
Pigs are regarded as the main reservoir for human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, which is dominated by bioserotype 4/O:3. Other animals, including sheep, have occasionally been reported as carriers of pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica. To our knowledge, this is the first study performed in the Nordic countries in which the presence of Y. enterocolitica in sheep is investigated.Methods
Tonsils and faecal samples collected from sheep slaughtered on the island Gotland (Sweden) from September 2010 through January 2011 were analysed for presence of Y. enterocolitica. In an attempt to maximize recovery, several cultural strategies were applied. Various non-selective media were used and different temperatures and durations of the enrichment were applied before subculturing on Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin (CIN) agar. Presumptive Y. enterocolitica colonies were subjected to urease, API 20E and agglutination test. Yersinia enterocolitica isolates were biotyped, serotyped, and tested for pathogenicity using a TaqMan PCR directed towards the ail-gene that is associated with human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica.Results
The samples collected from 99 sheep yielded 567 presumptive Y. enterocolitica colonies. Eighty urease positive isolates, from 35 sheep, were identified as Y. enterocolitica by API 20E. Thirty-four of 35 further subtyped Y. enterocolitica isolates, all from faecal samples, belonged to biotype 1A serotype O:5, O:6. O:13,7 and O:10. One strain was Yersinia mollaretii serotype O:62. No human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica were found in the investigated sheep. Other species identified were Y. kristensenii (n = 4), Y. frederiksenii/intermedia (n = 3), Providencia rettgeri (n = 2), Serratia marcescens (n = 1) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 1).Conclusions
This study does not support the hypothesis that sheep play an important role in transmission of the known human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in the studied geographical region. However, because there are studies indicating that some strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A may cause disease in humans, the relative importance of sheep as carriers of human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica remains unclear. Tonsils do not appear to be favourable sites for Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A in sheep. 相似文献3.
Denis Wolf Majda Globokar Vrhovec Klaus Failing Christophe Rossier Carlos Hermosilla Nikola Pantchev 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):44
Background
Exotic reptiles have become increasingly common domestic pets worldwide and are well known to be carriers of different parasites including some with zoonotic potential. The need of accurate diagnosis of gastrointestinal endoparasite infections in domestic reptiles is therefore essential, not only for the well-being of captive reptiles but also for the owners. Here, two different approaches for the detection of parasite stages in reptile faeces were compared: a combination of native and iodine stained direct smears together with a flotation technique (CNF) versus the standard SAF-method.Results
A total of 59 different reptile faeces (20 lizards, 22 snakes, 17 tortoises) were coprologically analyzed by the two methods for the presence of endoparasites. Analyzed reptile faecal samples contained a broad spectrum of parasites (total occurence 93.2%, n = 55) including different species of nematodes (55.9%, n = 33), trematodes (15.3%, n = 9), pentastomids (3.4%, n = 2) and protozoans (47.5%, n = 28). Associations between the performances of both methods to detect selected single parasite stages or groups of such were evaluated by Fisher''s exact test and marginal homogeneity was tested by the McNemar test. In 88.1% of all examined samples (n = 52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 77.1 - 95.1%) the two diagnostic methods rendered differing results, and the McNemar test for paired observations showed highly significant differences of the detection frequency (P < 0.0001).Conclusion
The combination of direct smears/flotation proved superior in the detection of flagellates trophozoites, coccidian oocysts and nematode eggs, especially those of oxyurids. SAF-technique was superior in detecting larval stages and trematode eggs, but this advantage failed to be statistically significant (P = 0.13). Therefore, CNF is the recommended method for routine faecal examination of captive reptiles while the SAF-technique is advisable as additional measure particularly for wild caught animals and individuals which are to be introduced into captive collections. 相似文献4.
Ioannis L. Oikonomidis Elspeth Milne Chiara Piccinelli 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(4):670
We evaluated the performance of the Advia 2120 (Siemens) differential leukocyte count (A-Diff) compared to the manual method (M-Diff) in rabbits. EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples collected for diagnostic purposes were analyzed within 6 h of collection. The M-Diff was performed blindly by 2 observers on blood smears by counting 200 cells. We initially included 117 samples; 25 samples were excluded because of suboptimal gating of leukocytes in the Advia peroxidase cytogram or poor blood smear quality. The correlation between the A-Diff and M-Diff was very high for heterophils (r = 0.924, p < 0.001) and lymphocytes (r = 0.903, p < 0.001), high for basophils (r = 0.823, p < 0.001), moderate for monocytes (r = 0.645, p < 0.001), and low for eosinophils (r = 0.336, p = 0.001). The Passing–Bablok regression analyses revealed a small-to-moderate constant error for lymphocytes and a slight constant error for basophils. Small proportional errors were detected for heterophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The Bland–Altman analyses revealed that the Advia significantly underestimates heterophils and overestimates lymphocytes compared to M-Diff. The biases for the other leukocytes were minimal and likely clinical insignificant; however, our results, particularly for eosinophils, should be interpreted cautiously given the observed low percentages in our samples. Given the observed biases in heterophil and lymphocyte percentages in the Advia 2120 CBC results in rabbits, method-specific reference intervals should be used. The Advia can recognize leporine basophils. Evaluation of blood smears is still recommended to investigate abnormal results and erroneous cytograms reported by the Advia. 相似文献
5.
Anja Becher Jan S. Suchodolski Jrg M. Steiner Romy M. Heilmann 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):516
Few routinely available biomarkers are clinically useful in assessing dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) and aid in CE subclassification. The diagnostic potential of the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has not been evaluated in canine CE. We evaluated the NLR in 93 dogs with CE (no steroid treatment for ≥2 wk prior) and tested for an association with clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic characteristics and also with CE subclassification. NLR was significantly higher in CE dogs with severe clinical disease than dogs with mild clinical disease (p = 0.047). Hypoalbuminemia (p < 0.001), but not hypocobalaminemia, was associated with higher NLRs. NLR was correlated with fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor concentrations (ρ = 0.47) and the serum-to-fecal alpha1-proteinase inhibitor ratio (ρ = –0.48; both p < 0.001) but not with serum or fecal inflammatory markers nor with the overall histologic score (all p > 0.05). Dogs with steroid- or other immunosuppressant-responsive (IRE) or nonresponsive enteropathy (NRE) had significantly higher NLRs (median: 7.3) than dogs with food-responsive enteropathy (FRE; median: 3.0; p = 0.003), and a NLR ≥5.5 best distinguished both groups of dogs. No difference in NLR was detected between dogs with IRE and dogs diagnosed with NRE. These findings suggest that leukogram changes (i.e., NLR) could be clinically useful in canine CE, and that neutrophils might play a role in the systemic inflammatory response associated with canine CE. The NLR can be easily assessed on routine hematology and can potentially aid in the subclassification of dogs with CE based on the response to treatment. 相似文献
6.
Tatiana C. Weisbrod Ramiro Isaza Carolyn Cray Laurie Adler Nicole I. Stacy 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):30
Unique features of elephant hematology are known challenges in analytical methodology like two types of monocytes typical for members of the Order Afrotheria and platelet counts of the comparatively small elephant platelet. To investigate WBC differential and platelet data generated by an impedance-based hematology analyzer without availability of validated species-specific software for recognition of elephant WBCs and platelets, compared to manual blood film review. Blood samples preserved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) of 50 elephants (n = 35 Elephas maximus and n = 15 Loxodonta africana) were used. A Mann-Whitney test for independent samples was used to compare parameters between methods and agreement was tested using Bland-Altman bias plots. All hematological variables, including absolute numbers of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets, were significantly different (p < 0.0001) between both methods of analysis, and there was no agreement using Bland-Altman bias plots. Manual review consistently produced higher heterophil and monocyte counts as well as platelet estimates, while the automated analyzer produced higher lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. The hematology analyzer did not properly differentiate elephant lymphocytes and monocytes, and did not accurately count elephant platelets. These findings emphasize the importance of manual blood film review as part of elephant complete blood counts in both clinical and research settings and as a basis for the development of hematological reference intervals. 相似文献
7.
Fran?oise P Sanches Thaise Y Tomokane Vania LR Da Matta Mary Marcondes Carlos EP Corbett Márcia D Laurenti 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)
Background
There are only a few studies reporting the role of nitric oxide metabolites for controlling macrophage intracellular parasitism, and these are controversial. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lymph nodes and spleen of dogs affected by visceral leishmaniasis through immunohistochemistry and to determine its correlation with tissue parasite burden and serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels. Twenty-eight dogs were selected and assigned to one of two groups, symptomatic (n = 18) and asymptomatic (n = 10), according to clinical status and laboratory evaluation. A negative control group (n = 6) from a non-endemic region for visceral leishmaniasis was included as well.Results
Parasite density (amastigotes/mm2) was similar between clinical groups in the lymph nodes (P = 0.2401) and spleen (P = 0.8869). The density of iNOS+ cells was higher in infected dogs compared to controls (P < 0.05), without a significant difference in lymph node (P = 0.3257) and spleen (P = 0.5940) densities between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. A positive correlation was found between the number of iNOS+ cells in lymph nodes and interferon-γ levels (r = 0.3776; P = 0.0303), and there was a negative correlation between parasites and iNOS+ cell densities both in lymph nodes (r = −0.5341; P = 0.0034) and spleen (r = −0.4669; P = 0.0329).Conclusion
The negative correlation observed between tissue parasitism and the expression of iNOS may be a reflection of NO acting on the control of parasites. 相似文献8.
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an immune-mediated, highly lethal disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection. Currently, no protective vaccine or effective treatment for the disease is available. Studies have found that some cats survive the challenge of virulent FCoV isolates. Since cellular immunity is thought to be critical in preventing FIP and because diseased cats often show a significant decrease in interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the feline IFN-γ gene (fIFNG) are associated with the outcome of infection. A total of 82 asymptomatic and 63 FIP cats were analyzed, and 16 SNP were identified in intron 1 of fIFNG. Among these SNP, the fFING + 428 T allele was shown to be a FIP-resistant allele (p = 0.03), and the heterozygous genotypes 01C/T and +408C/T were found to be FIP-susceptible factors (p = 0.004). Furthermore, an fIFNG + 428 resistant allele also showed a clear correlation with the plasma level of IFN-γ in FIP cats. For the identification of these three FIP-related SNP, genotyping methods were established using amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), and the different genotypes could easily be identified without sequencing. The identification of additional FIP-related SNP will allow the selection of resistant cats and decrease the morbidity of the cat population to FIP. 相似文献
9.
Janusz A Madej Jan P Madej Piotr Dziegiel Bartosz Pula Marcin Nowak 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):73
Background
The study aimed at examining hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α expression in adenocarcinomas and adenomas in bitches in regard to tumour malignancy grade, proliferation, apoptosis and vascularisation. Therefore, paraffin sections of 15 adenomas and 64 adenocarcinomas sampled from 79 dogs aged 6 to 16 years were analysed.Results
A significantly higher HIF-1α expression was noted in adenocarcinomas in comparison to adenomas (P < 0.0004). Moreover, HIF-1α expression in adenocarcinomas correlated positively with tumour malignancy grade (r = 0.59, P < 0.05), Ki-67 antigen expression (r = 0.43; P < 0.0005), TUNEL-positive cells (r = 0.62, P < 0001) and tumour vascularity measured by quantification of vessels characterized by the expression of von Willebrand Factor (r = 0.57, P < 0.05).Conclusion
Results of this study indicate a similar biological role of HIF-1α in dogs and in humans, which may confirm suitability of the animal model in investigations on progression of tumours in humans. 相似文献10.
Paula F. Navarro Laura Gil Germn Martín Salceda Fernndez-Barredo 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(4):632
Electrophoresis of urine to evaluate protein fractions in dogs with proteinuria to differentiate glomerular from tubular damage has increased in recent years; however, capillary electrophoresis (CE) of urine has not been reported in a study of > 40 healthy animals, to our knowledge. We aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for the urine protein fractions obtained by CE of urine from healthy dogs. We obtained urine samples from 123 clinically healthy dogs of both sexes between December 2016 and April 2019; urine was frozen until CE was performed. The electrophoretic patterns obtained were divided into 5 protein fractions, and RIs were established in percentages and absolute values using nonparametric methods. RIs were obtained for the fractions (F) as follows: 5.5 to 56.2% for F1, 3.2 to 16.5% for F2, 3.5 to 16.2% for F3, 17.8 to 69.8% for F4, and 5.1 to 23.9% for F5. These RIs obtained by CE might be useful clinically as a basis for comparison with pathologic samples. Age was a statistically significant factor for F2 (p = 0.01) and F3 (p = 0.02), and sex was a statistically significant factor for F1 (p = 0.03). 相似文献
11.
Radu Andrei Baisan C&#x;t&#x;lina Andreea Turcu Eusebiu Ionu Condurachi Vasile Vulpe 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):301
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiac disease in dogs. The association of QRS notching (nQRS) or fragmentation (fQRS) with disease severity is currently unknown. The study objective was to assess the prevalence of nQRS and fQRS in dogs with MMVD and its severity according to ACVIM classification and to compare the results with a group of healthy dogs. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 34 healthy control dogs and 155 dogs with spontaneous MMVD (42% of dogs in class B1, 23% in class B2 and 35% in class C). fQRS was defined as nQRS complexes in two contiguous leads in the frontal plane (leads I and aVL) and (II, III or aVF). A one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to assess the differences in continuous data between control and MMVD groups. Of the MMVD group, 58% showed nQRS in at least one lead and 27% presented fQRS. There was no difference between the number of leads with a nQRS and disease severity (p = 0.75) nor did the number of leads with a nQRS correlate with left atrial size (r = 0.48; p = 0.5). The number of dogs with fQRS did not differ among classes of MMVD (p = 0.21). nQRS and fQRS were more prevalent in dogs with MMVD compared to control dogs (p < 0.01). This study did not identify any relationship between the number of leads with a nQRS and disease severity. However, dogs with MMVD had a higher prevalence of nQRS and fQRS compared to control group. 相似文献
12.
Mario Chiari Nicola Ferrari Daniele Giardiello Paolo Lanfranchi Mariagrazia Zanoni Antonio Lavazza Loris G Alborali 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)
Background
Salmonella spp. have been isolated from a wide range of wild animals. Opportunistic wild carnivores such as red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and badgers (Meles meles) may act as environmental indicators or as potential sources of salmonellosis in humans. The present study characterizes Salmonella spp. isolated from the intestinal contents of hunted or dead red foxes (n = 509) and badgers (n = 17) in northern Italy.Findings
Thirty-one strains of Salmonella belonging to 3 Salmonella enterica subspecies were isolated. Fourteen different serovars of S. enterica subsp. enterica were identified, among which were serovars often associated with human illness.Conclusions
Wild opportunistic predators can influence the probability of infection of both domestic animals and humans through active shedding of the pathogen to the environment. The epidemiological role of wild carnivores in the spread of salmonellosis needs to be further studied. 相似文献13.
Lanmei Yin Jun Li Meiwei Wang Qiye Wang Jianzhong Li Nengshui Ding Huansheng Yang Yulong Yin 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1070
The present study aimed to investigate whether inflammation-associated responses in piglets are induced by high protein (HP) through activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Sixteen piglets (35 d of age, Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], weaned at d 21, initial BW = 9.70 ± 0.11 kg) were allocated to 18% and 26% CP (HP group) at random, comprising 8 replicate pens per treatment. The piglets were slaughtered to collect intestinal tissues when apparent, persistent, and stable diarrhea syndromes happened (on d 12). No significant differences were observed in their growth performance (P > 0.05), but reduction by 19.11%, 25.31%, 23.64% of ADFI, ADG, and G:F, respectively was detected in the HP group. The HP group had greater (P = 0.002) diarrhea rates. Furthermore, dietary HP had lower ileal villus height (VH; P = 0.048), ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD ratio; P = 0.016), and colonic CD (P = 0.034), as well as had the trend (P = 0.075) to reduce the ileal villus absorptive area. Moreover, HP diets significantly elevated the goblet cell numbers in the ileal villi (P = 0.016) and colonic crypts (P < 0.001) and up-regulated (P = 0.012) the mRNA expression of mucin2 (Muc2) in the ileum. In addition, HP diets increased the myeloperoxidase concentration in the ileum (P = 0.002) and colon (P = 0.007) of piglets. Dietary HP significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; P < 0.001) in the ileum, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; P = 0.040) and interleukin-22 (IL-22; P = 0.008) in the colon, and inclined to down-regulate interleukin-1β (IL-1β; P = 0.076) expression in the colon. The relative protein abundance of Galectin-3 (P = 0.046) in the colon and the ratio of phosphorylation NF-κB to NF-κB (p–NF–κB/NF-κB ratio) in the ileum of HP piglets were also greater (P = 0.038). These results suggest that dietary HP may cause diarrhea in piglets by activating NF-κB signaling induced intestinal inflammation. 相似文献
14.
Nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nanoPCR) is a novel method for the simple, rapid, and specific detection of viruses. We developed a nanoPCR method to detect and differentiate canine coronavirus I (CCoV I) and II (CCoV II). Primer pairs were designed against the M gene conserved region of CCoV I and CCoV II, producing specific fragments of 239 bp (CCoV I) and 105 bp (CCoV II). We optimized the annealing temperature and primer concentrations for the CCoV nanoPCR assay and assessed its sensitivity and specificity. Under optimized nanoPCR reaction conditions, the detection limits were 6.47 × 101 copies/μL for CCoV I and 6.91 × 102 copies/μL for CCoV II. No fragments were amplified using other canine viruses as templates. The sensitivity of the nanoPCR assay was 100-fold higher than that of a conventional RT-PCR assay. Among 60 clinical samples collected from Beijing, China, the assay detected 12% positive for CCoV I and 48% positive for CCoV II. Our nanoPCR method is an effective method to rapidly detect CCoV I and CCoV II alone, or as a mixed infection, in dogs. 相似文献
15.
Tammi L Neville Allison M Meyer Arshi Reyaz Pawel B Borowicz Dale A Redmer Lawrence P Reynolds Joel S Caton Kimberly A Vonnahme 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,4(1):6
Background
Objectives were to examine the effects of selenium (Se) supply and maternal nutritional plane during gestation on mammary gland growth, cellular proliferation, and vascularity at parturition and d 20 of lactation. Rambouillet primiparous ewes (n = 84) were allocated to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial. Factors were dietary Se (adequate Se [ASe, 11.5 μg/kg BW] or high Se [HSe, 77.0 μg/kg BW]) and nutritional plane (60% [RES], 100% [CON], or 140% [EXC]). At parturition, lambs were removed and 42 ewes (7/treatment) were necropsied. Remaining ewes were fed a common diet meeting requirements for lactation and mechanically milked twice daily until necropsy on d 20. At both necropsy periods, mammary glands were dissected and tissues harvested. Samples were analyzed for RNA, DNA, and protein content, cell proliferation, and vascularity. Where interactions were present (P ≤ 0.05), least squares means from the highest-order interaction are presented.Results
Final body weight of ewes was least (P ≤ 0.002) in RES, intermediate for CON, and greatest for EXC, regardless of stage of the ewe at necropsy (parturition or d 20 of lactation). In ewes necropsied at parturition, mammary glands were heavier (P = 0.02) in EXC compared to RES, with CON intermediate. Concentration of RNA (mg/g) was decreased (P = 0.01) in EXC compared to CON at parturition. There was a tendency (P = 0.07) for a Se by nutrition interaction in percentage of cells proliferating where ASe-EXC ewes had greater (P ≤ 0.02) number of proliferating cells then all other treatments. Mammary vascular area tended (P = 0.08) to be affected by a Se by nutrition interaction where ASe-CON had less (P = 0.007) vascular area than HSe-CON ewes. In ewes necropsied at d 20 of lactation, the number of alveoli per area was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in RES compared to CON and EXC-fed ewes.Conclusions
Results of this study indicate that proper maternal nutritional plane during gestation is important for mammary gland development, even out to d 20 of lactation. 相似文献16.
Mehri Tavakol Richard GM Olde Riekerink Otlis C Sampimon Willem JB van Wamel Alex van Belkum Theo JGM Lam 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):28
During routinely screening (50.000 milk samples on an annual basis) 14 MRSA ST398 strains were identified in the period of January 2008 to September 2008 in 14 different dairy herds located in the provinces Overijssel and Gelderland, The Netherlands. Molecular analysis was performed by Cfr9I PFGE, ST398-specific diagnostic PCR, spa typing, SCCmec typing and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) gene PCR. The molecular analyses of 14 MRSA (one MRSA strain per herd) strains revealed that all strains belong to ST398 with 3 closely related spa types (t011, t108 and t889, all commonly found in pigs) and carry 2 different SCCmec types, IVa and V. All MRSA strains were resistant to two or more classes of antibiotics and also PVL negative. The majority of farms (n = 9, 64%) harboured combined livestock with both cows and pigs present. Our study contributes to the growing evidence that MRSA ST398 is transmitted among various animal species and can be considered as an etiological agent of mastitis in dairy cows. 相似文献
17.
18.
Javier Regidor-Cerrillo David Arranz-Solís Julio Benavides Mercedes Gómez-Bautista José Antonio Castro-Hermida Mercedes Mezo Valentín Pérez Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora Marta González-Warleta 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):10
This work studies the influence of Neospora caninum intra-species diversity on abortion outcome, infection dynamics in terms of parasite dissemination and peripheral-local immune responses in pregnant cattle. Animals were intravenously inoculated at day 70 of pregnancy with 107 tachyzoites of two isolates showing marked differences in virulence in vitro and in pregnant mouse models: Nc-Spain7, a high virulence isolate, and Nc-Spain8, a low-to-moderate virulence isolate. After inoculation, pregnancy was monitored, and dams were culled when foetal death was detected. Foetal mortality occurred in all infected heifers between days 24 and 49 post-infection (pi), however, it was detected sooner in Nc-Spain7-infected animals (median day = 34) than those inoculated with Nc-Spain8 (median day = 41) with a trend towards significance (P < 0.11). Similar histological lesions were observed in placentomes and in most of the foetuses from the two infected groups. However, parasites were more frequently detected in the placenta and foetuses by PCR and in the foetal brain by immunohistochemistry in Nc-Spain7-infected animals. Specific antibodies were detected starting at day 13 post-infection in all infected cattle, with higher IgG levels in Nc-Spain7-infected group. IFN-γ and IL-4 profiles also varied between infected groups in PBMC stimulation assays. Infected animals showed significant increases in their cytokine mRNA levels (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40 and TNF-α) in the caruncle at time of foetal death. Differences between the infected groups were also observed for cytokine profiles. These results demonstrate the influence of the N. caninum isolate on foetal death outcome, infection dynamics and immune responses in cattle. 相似文献
19.
Kaisa S?rén Mats Lindblad Cecilia Jernberg Erik Eriksson Lennart Melin Helene Wahlstr?m Maria Lundh 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)
