共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
植物磷转运蛋白1(phosphase transporter protein 1,PHT1)家族在植物磷吸收和转运中发挥着重要作用。为研究大麦 PHT1基因家族成员的特性,利用生物信息学方法在全基因组范围内对大麦 PHT1家族成员进行鉴定,结果共鉴定到14个大麦 PHT1（ HvPT1～ HvPT14）基因,分布在2H、4H、5H和7H染色体上。根据系统发育关系、基因结构和保守蛋白基序,可将14个大麦 PHT1基因分为3个亚群。基于RNA seq数据对大麦品种GN121(磷高效基因型)根和叶片中12个 PHT1基因的表达模式进行分析,发现在低磷胁迫处理下,根中 HvPT1、 HvPT7、 HvPT10和 HvPT12基因以及叶片中 HvPT13基因均上调表达。进一步利用荧光定量PCR技术对大麦品种GN121和GN42（磷低效基因型）根中10个 PHT1基因的表达模式进行分析,发现两个品种根中 HvPT7、 HvPT8、 HvPT10、 HvPT12和 HvPT14基因在磷恢复后第3 d的表达量均显著低于低磷处理第22 d的表达量,推测这5个基因在低磷胁迫下参与磷的吸收和转运;此外 HvPT5基因在磷恢复后第3 d的GN42根中表达量显著下降,而在GN121根中的表达量显著上升,说明 HvPT5基因的表达与品种类型有关。 相似文献
2.
转录因子在提高植物抗性中起着重要的作用。本实验从小麦中克隆得到一个新的具有DUF822保守域的转录因子基因 TaBS1。为进一步研究该转录因子在参与植物胁迫信号调控中的作用以及蛋白本身的结构、功能和活性等,将 TaBS1基因构建到原核表达载体pET28a(+)上。在终浓度为1 mmol·L-1 IPTG诱导2 h的条件下,得到融合蛋白 HisTaBS1,并用Western blot确定所表达的蛋白确实为融合蛋白 HisTaBS1。 相似文献
3.
14-3-3蛋白家族在真核生物中广泛存在且高度保守,可结合多种靶蛋白参与植物代谢、发育以及胁迫响应等多种生理过程和信号途径。 TaGF14m基因是14-3-3基因家族成员之一。本研究以中国春为材料,对其进行了克隆和分析,并通过在拟南芥中过表达,分析该基因在盐胁迫下的功能。结果表明, TaGF14m基因含有5个外显子和4个内含子,开放阅读框为789 bp,编码262个氨基酸;小麦幼苗叶片中 TaGF14m基因在盐胁迫下上调表达;与野生型拟南芥相比,过表达 TaGF14m的转基因拟南芥在盐胁迫下生长受到明显抑制,根长也显著变短;SOS途径相关基因表达分析显示, TaGF14m基因可能通过SOS途径负调控盐胁迫耐受性。 相似文献
4.
DNA去甲基化酶（dMTase）是一种高度保守的表观遗传修饰因子,涉及许多生物学过程,包括生长发育、应激反应和次生代谢。本研究基于小麦基因组数据,对小麦 DNA去甲基化酶基因（TadMTase）进行了全面鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果表明,小麦基因组中包含18 个TadMTase基因,分布于小麦15条染色体上。系统进化分析将TadMTase分为 ROS、DML3、DML4 和 DML5等 4个亚家族,亚家族之间的TadMTase基因序列长度和内含子数量存在差异,但同一个系统进化树分支中的亚族成员具有高度相似的基因结构、保守 motifs 和结构域,为植物dMTase基因家族的直系同源基因,在进化方面具有保守性。亚细胞定位预测TadMTase均定位于细胞核中;通过与小麦祖先物种的进化及共线性分析,发现在小麦异源六倍体形成过程中存在部分TadMTase基因丢失;TadMTase基因家族启动子区域包含大量光信号、植物激素、胁迫响应和生长发育等相关顺式作用元件;转录组数据分析表明TadMTase基因在不同组织器官和籽粒发育不同时期表达模式不同,有一定的组织特异性。进一步RNA-Seq和荧光定量PCR分析表明TaROS1b-1A.1和TaROS1a-5A/D分别在籽粒的种皮和胚乳发育时期显著上调表达,且在强筋和弱筋小麦品种中表达存在差异。结果为TadMTase 基因在调控小麦籽粒生长发育及其品质形成中的调控机制提供参考。 相似文献
5.
采用生物信息学方法分析AGPase家族基因的系统发育关系和基因结构特征，基于玉米B73参考基因组(AGPv4)新鉴定玉米AGPase小亚基编码基因，同时根据序列比对结果重新注释基因组中发生扩张的AGPS片段基因。结果表明，新鉴定并重新注释的ZmAGPS2-3、ZmAGPS2-4、ZmAGPS2-5基因包含1个序列高度相似的外显子，由祖先基因ZmAGPS2-2的多个外显子(无内含子)序列拼接形成。其编码蛋白的保守结构域存在不同程度的缺失，且这3个基因在染色体上的位置无共线性关系，也不相邻。因此推测，ZmAGPS2-3、ZmAGPS2-4和ZmAGPS2-5基因起源方式为反转录转座复制，在演化过程中丢失了部分序列后成为功能缺失的假基因。 相似文献
6.
高亲和性钾离子转运蛋白（high-affinity K+ transporter，HKT）是植物体内一种非常重要的离子转运蛋白，具有运输Na+/K+的能力，在植物响应盐胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。为系统了解小麦TaHKT家族基因，挖掘有效的小麦耐盐基因，本研究采用生物信息学的方法，对小麦TaHKT家族基因进行了全基因组分析，鉴定了家族成员，构建了系统进化树,并对其跨膜结构域、染色体定位、基因结构、Motif、上游顺式作用元件、共线性以及表达谱等进行了分析。结果鉴定出23个TaHKT基因，其编码蛋白质长度为443~590 aa，等电点范围8.2~10.4，跨膜结构域为6~8个。23个基因分布于小麦的2、4、6、7号染色体上，根据亲缘关系可将其分为3个亚族，同一亚族的成员具有较为相似的Motif组成和基因结构。23个基因中，发现了4对串联重复基因，10对大片段复制基因，具有良好的共线性。顺式作用元件分析发现，大部分TaHKT成员含有盐胁迫响应元件MYB、G-box、ABRE和DRE。表达谱分析发现，TaHKT基因在小麦的16种组织中均有表达，在根、茎中的表达量较高，其中TraesCS4D02G361300（ID,下同）在根中的表达量最高。在盐胁迫处理后，不同成员对盐胁迫响应程度不同，TraesCS7B02G318400在盐胁迫处理后表达量逐渐降低；TraesCS2B02G451400和TraesCS2D02G428200在盐胁迫处理后的表达量也明显降低；TraesCS2B02G451800在根部几乎不表达，但在受到盐胁迫处理后表达量逐渐提高，推测它们在小麦抵御盐胁迫过程中发挥不同作用。 相似文献
7.
BURP是一类植物特有蛋白,在生长发育和逆境防御中起着重要作用。为给后续的基因克隆、表达和功能验证奠定基础,根据二穗短柄草的基因组和蛋白质序列,利用生物信息学手段对BURP基因家族成员进行鉴定、染色体定位、序列分析和系统发育研究。结果表明,二穗短柄草有12个BURP基因,位于1~4号染色体上,在5号染色体上未见分布;BURP基因的全长为621~3 350 bp,具0~3个内含子,编码区全长621~2 316 bp,编码206~771个氨基酸,推导蛋白的等电点为5.02~9.51;12个BURP基因编码的蛋白分为5组,分别定名为RD22、PG1β、BURP-V、BURP-VI和BURP-VII,没有USP和BNM2类型的BURP蛋白;此外,根据4个半胱氨酸-组氨酸重复所间隔的氨基酸数量,二穗短柄草的BURP蛋白结构域可用CH/R-X10-CH-X25-36-CH-X22-25-CH-X8-W/F表示。 相似文献
8.
气孔是植物与外界进行气体交换的通道,对植物的生长发育至关重要。SPCH转录因子与气孔的发育关系密切,为揭示其在大麦中的功能,以大麦G1614为材料,利用PCR方法克隆大麦SPCH（HvSPCH）基因后,进行生物信息学分析,并对该基因在干旱胁迫条件下的表达模式进行分析。结果表明,HvSPCH基因编码区长为1 098 bp,可编码365个氨基酸,相对分子量为90 504.73 Da,理论等电点为4.96,为疏水的、不稳定的碱性蛋白质。氨基酸序列分析表明,HvSPCH蛋白的氨基酸序列不含有跨膜结构域和信号肽,含有40个磷酸化位点和27个糖基化位点。二级结构分析表明,HvSPCH蛋白包含35.62%的α-螺旋、8.77%的延长链、2.47%的β-转角和53.13%的无规则卷曲。系统进化分析表明,大麦HvSPCH蛋白与水稻、野生二粒小麦、二穗短柄草的SPCH蛋白亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,干旱处理4 h和12 h时,HvSPCH基因的相对表达量显著升高,说明其有可能参与大麦的干旱逆境响应过程。 相似文献
9.
类钙调磷酸酶（CBL）蛋白是植物中独特的Ca2+传感蛋白,对植物应对非生物胁迫具有重要作用。为探究小麦CBL基因的功能,利用生物信息学方法从小麦全基因组数据库中共鉴定出68个小麦CBL基因家族成员,并对其进行了理化性质、基因结构、进化树和共线性分析。结果表明,小麦CBL蛋白为酸性亲水性蛋白质,其对应基因分布于18条染色体上,亚细胞定位分布广泛,核中最多;蛋白结构域高度保守,都含有EF hand结构域,且同一类群中的大多数成员具有相似的motif。与水稻进行种间共线性分析发现,二者的CBL基因之间存在较多的共线性关系。以强抗寒冬小麦品种东农冬麦1号和东农冬麦2号为材料,对转录组分析显示出的8个在低温下表达差异显著的CBL进行qRT PCR分析发现,这8个基因在不同小麦品种和不同组织部位都存在明显的差异表达,分蘖节中CBL的表达量在-25 ℃时达到峰值,而叶片中CBL的表达量在-10 ℃时达到峰值,说明CBL基因在低温胁迫调节中起重要作用。 相似文献
10.
葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)是磷酸戊糖途径中的关键限速酶,在植物生长发育及非生物胁迫响应中发挥重要作用。本研究利用生物信息学对小麦 G6PDH基因家族成员进行鉴定,并对该家族基因编码蛋白的理化性质、进化关系、亚细胞定位、基因复制事件以及在不同组织和不同胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。结果表明,在小麦基因组中共鉴定到14个 G6PDH基因家族成员,分布在小麦2A、2B、2D、4A、4B、4D、6A、6B和6D染色体上,其中5个基因编码的蛋白为胞质型,9个为质体型。亚细胞定位预测表明,胞质型G6PDH蛋白主要定位于细胞质上,而质体型G6PDH蛋白主要定位于叶绿体上。根据系统进化和保守结构域特征,可将14个小麦G6PDH蛋白分为Cy、P0、P1和P2四个亚组。共线性分析表明,小麦 G6PDH基因家族成员存在17对片段重复基因。RNA-seq分析结果表明,小麦 G6PDH基因家族成员在不同组织中存在明显的表达差异,其中 TaG6PDH1-2A/2B/2D基因在根中的表达量最高; TaG6PDH2-2A和 TaG6PDH2-2B基因在干旱胁迫后1 h以及热胁迫后6 h均上调表达。进一步利用qRT-PCR检测6个小麦 G6PDH基因在干旱和盐胁迫下的表达模式,发现分别有5个基因在小麦根中均上调表达,推测小麦 G6PDH基因在非生物胁迫响应过程中发挥着重要功能。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献