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1.
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious neurologic disease of horses in the Americas and Sarcocystis neurona is the most common etiologic agent. The distribution of S. neurona infections follows the geographical distributions of its definitive hosts, opossums (Didelphis virginiana, Didelphis albiventris). Recently, cats and skunks were reported as experimental and armadillos as natural intermediate hosts of S. neurona. In the present report, raccoons (Procyon lotor) were identified as a natural intermediate host of S. neurona. Two laboratory-raised opossums were found to shed S. neurona-like sporocysts after ingesting tongues of naturally-infected raccoons. Interferon-gamma gene knockout (KO) mice fed raccoon-opossum-derived sporocysts developed neurologic signs. S. neurona was identified immunohistochemically in tissues of KO mice fed sporocysts and the parasite was isolated in cell cultures inoculated with infected KO mouse tissues. The DNA obtained from the tongue of a naturally-infected raccoon, brains of KO mice that had neurological signs, and from the organisms recovered in cell cultures inoculated with brains of neurologic KO mice, corresponded to that of S. neurona. Two raccoons fed mature S. neurona sarcocysts did not shed sporocysts in their feces, indicating raccoons are not likely to be its definitive host. Two raccoons fed sporocysts from opossum feces developed clinical illness and S. neurona-associated encephalomyelitis was found in raccoons killed 14 and 22 days after feeding sporocysts; schizonts and merozoites were seen in encephalitic lesions.  相似文献   

2.
Sixteen 2-month-old pigs were divided into four equal groups and infected with either 500,000, 1,000,000 or 3,000,000 sporocysts of Sarcocystis miescheriana. Four pigs served as uninfected controls. Pigs were bled weekly and serum was collected beginning 14 days prior to infection and continuing until 63 days after infection. Body fat composition, as measured by the specific gravity of the carcass, was not affected by infection. There were no significant effects of infection on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. A slight depression in HDL cholesterol occurred during the acute phase of infection. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was not detected in serum from infected swine when assayed by a cytotoxicity assay using TNF-sensitive WEHI 164 clone 13 cells. Attempts to stimulate TNF production in RAW 264.7 cells with parasitic lysates gave mixed results. This study suggests that the disruption of lipid metabolism is not the primary cause of growth retardation in growing swine infected with S. miescheriana.  相似文献   

3.
One of the hallmarks of the pathophysiology of enteric disease in young pigs is reduced growth performance. This reduction in growth is associated with changes in the endocrine somatotropic growth axis. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was reduced in pigs infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) while circulating growth hormone remained unchanged. The objective of the current study was to determine if infection with S. typhimurium also was associated with changes in circulating IGF binding proteins (IGFBP). In addition, pigs experiencing active enteric disease have reduced feed intake. Because this inappetence may be related to systemic appetite reduction signals, we also evaluated circulating leptin in pigs undergoing active S. typhimurium-induced enteric disease. Crossbred pigs were penned in environmentally controlled rooms with free access to feed and water. Following an acclimation period, pigs were gavaged with 10(10) cfu of S. typhimurium (SAL; n=6) or were given a similar volume of sterile growth media (CON; n=6). Rectal temperatures and feed intakes were measured daily through 168 h to track the time course of the response to S. typhimurium infection. Samples of serum were obtained by jugular venipuncture at 0, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after infection. Sera were frozen until evaluation for IGF-I by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). In addition, sera were subjected to western ligand blotting utilizing 125I-IGF-I and 125I-IGF-II. Images were evaluated for total IGFBP and IGFBP-3 by densitometric analyses. Rectal temperature was increased in SAL pigs 24h post-infection (P<0.001) but not at other times. Feed intake was reduced in SAL pigs during the intervals 24-72 h (P<0.001) and 96-144 h (P<0.05) after infection. Serum IGF-I, expressed as a percentage of the 0 h concentration, was reduced in SAL pigs versus CON pigs at 48 h (28.1+/-18.7% versus 102.2+/-17.1%; P<0.01) and 96 h (20.0+/-18.7% versus 128.4+/-17.0%; P<0.0001) post-infection. Both total IGFBP and IGFBP-3, as estimated by ligand blotting, also were reduced in infected pigs at 48 h postchallenge (P<0.05). IGFBPs were similar between the two treatments at other sampling times. Concentrations of IGFBP-3 also were estimated utilizing an IRMA for human IGFBP-3. Serum IGFBP-3 was reduced in S. typhimurium-infected pigs at 24 h (P<0.01), 48 h (P<0.001), 96 h (P<0.001), and 168 h (P<0.05). Serum leptin levels were similar between SAL and CON pigs. The data suggest that swine enteric disease is associated with reduced circulating IGF-I and reductions in total IGFBP and IGFBP-3. However, serum leptin was not affected by enteric disease challenge.  相似文献   

4.
猪群的钙磷代谢紊乱是影响猪场经济效益的长久问题之一。妊娠母猪缺钙易致猪群的生产性能下降,其仔猪出生后的育肥效果又相对较差,进一步造成生产利润的丢失。本文就妊娠母猪发生钙流失对胎猪脂质代谢方面的影响进行了深入地研究。试验将20头健康的7～8胎龄母猪随机分为对照组（control,CON）和低钙组（low-calcium,LCa）,每组10头作生物学重复。按不同钙磷比配置日粮,于母猪妊娠第85天连续饲喂至第114天分娩。仔猪出生后立即采集其血液和肝肾组织样本。运用代谢组学技术分析仔猪代谢通路的变化;生化仪检测血清中的脂类物质;ELISA方法检测脂质代谢指标;荧光定量检测脂质代谢相关基因的表达。结果表明：低钙胁迫主要影响了胎猪的甘油磷脂代谢通路,同时对脂肪酸代谢及棕榈酸的合成等也造成了一定的干扰;仔猪血清中脂类物质的含量无明显变化（P>0.05）;低钙胁迫显著影响了胎猪体内FAS、Visfatin以及Resistin的分泌（P<0.05）;低钙组仔猪肝中SCD、LDLR,肾中SCD、FABP4、HSD17B12以及ABCC4基因的mRNA表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。以上结果提示,妊娠母猪缺钙可致使胎猪脂质代谢受影响,可能会不利于其生长发育。  相似文献   

5.
Thyroid status is compromised in a variety of acute and chronic infections. Conversion of thyroxine (T4) into the metabolically active hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), is catalyzed by 5′-deiodinase (5′D) mainly in extrathyroidal tissues. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of protozoan parasitic infection (Sarcocystis cruzi) on hepatic 5′D (type I) activity and plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 in placebo- or bovine GH (bGH)-injected calves. Holstein bull calves (127.5±2.0 kg BW) were assigned to control (C, ad libitum fed), infected (I, 250,000 S. cruzi sporocysts per os, ad libitum fed), and pair-fed (PF, non-infected, fed to intake of I treatment) groups placebo-injected, and three similar groups injected daily with pituitary-derived bGH (USDA-B-1, 0.1 mg/kg, i.m.) designated as CGH, IGH and PFGH. GH injections were initiated on day 20 post-infection (PI), 3–4 days prior to the onset of clinical signs of the acute phase response (APR), and were continued to day 56 PI at which time calves were euthanized for liver collection. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 28, and 55 PI. Alterations in nutritional intake did not affect type I 5′D in liver. Treatment with bGH increased (P<0.05) 5′D activity in C (24.6%) and PF (25.5%) but not in I calves. Compared to PF calves, infection with S. cruzi reduced 5′D activity 25% (P<0.05) and 47.8% (P<0.01) in placebo- and bGH-injected calves, respectively. Neither nutrition nor bGH treatment significantly affected plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 on day 28 and 55 PI. However, plasma thyroid hormones were reduced by infection. On day 28 PI, the average plasma concentrations of T3 and T4 were reduced in infected calves (I and IGH) 36.4% (P<0.01) and 29.4% (P<0.05), respectively, compared to pair-fed calves (PF and PFGH). On day 55 PI, plasma T3 still remained lower (23.7%, P<0.01 versus PF) in infected calves while plasma T4 returned to control values. The data suggest that parasitic infection in growing calves inhibits both thyroidal secretion and extrathyroidal T4 to T3 conversion during the APR. After recovery from the APR, thyroidal secretion returns to normal but basal and bGH-stimulated generation of T3 in liver remains impaired.  相似文献   

6.
The growth rate of the young pig is generally much less than its potential and may be constrained by endocrine status as well as by nutrient intake. The aim of this study was to determine whether porcine somatotropin (pST) could increase growth in the nursing pig. Fourteen sows nursing litters of 6 (n = 7) or 12 (n = 7) piglets were utilized to establish a high and low plane of nutrition for sucking pigs. On Day 4 of lactation, the median two male pigs from each litter were randomly allocated to one of two doses of pST (0 or 60 micrograms/kg/d) until weaning on Day 31. Pigs were bled on Days 4, 13, 22, and 31 of lactation and the plasma was analyzed for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Pigs were weaned into conventional accommodation and further weighed on Days 63, 91, and 119. Pigs from litters of 6 grew more quickly and weighed 2.2 kg (P = 0.01) and 3.5 kg (P = 0.04) more than pigs from litters of 12 at 31 and 63 d of age, respectively. There was no effect of pST on preweaning growth of sucking pigs (261 vs. 258 g/d, P = 0.68), although growth rate increased in the final 3 d before weaning at 31 d (241 vs. 294 g/d, P = 0.01). IGFBP-3 was greater (1.09 vs. 0.78 micrograms/ml, P < 0.001), whereas IGF-I tended to be greater (206 vs. 176 ng/ml, P = 0.14), in pigs from the small litters. There was no effect of pST on plasma IGF-I (182 vs. 195 ng/ml, P = 0.454) or IGFBP-3 (0.93 vs. 0.94 microgram/ml, P = 0.85) concentrations. Plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were highly correlated with the growth rate of nursing pigs (R = 0.638 and 0.756, respectively). There were no effects of pST (340 vs. 328 ng/ml, P = 0.48) or litter size (336 vs. 333 ng/ml, P = 0.88) on IGF-II. In conclusion, pST had no little or no effect on growth performance or plasma IGF-I, IGF-II, or IGFBP-3 in sucking pigs on either a high or low plane of nutrition.  相似文献   

7.
In this study we measured protein concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2-5 in porcine corpora lutea (CLs) throughout the estrous cycle (Experiment 1), and examined the effects of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3 antibody (AB) on luteal progesterone (P4) secretion in vitro (Experiment 2). For Experiment 1, (CLs) and serum were collected on days (D) 4, 7, 10, 13, 15 and 16 of the estrous cycle (n = 5 animals per day). IGF-I was extracted from CLs and sera, and measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). IGFBPs were measured in CLs by ligand blots. For Experiment 2, CLs (from Experiment 1) were enzyme dissociated and luteal cells cultured (24 h) in Medium 199 (M199) containing (0-500 ng/ml) IGFBP-3 (+/-IGF-I; 100 ng/ml), or (0-10 microg/ml) IGFBP-3 AB. P4 in media was measured by RIA. In Experiment 1, luteal IGF-I concentrations (ng/g tissue) were maximal on day 4 and gradually decreased thereafter. Serum IGF-I concentrations (ng/ml) were highest on days 4 and 7, compared with days 10-15. Peak levels of luteal IGFBP-3 were also seen on days 4 and 7 of the cycle. Luteal IGFBP-2 concentrations showed a tendency to increase on day 16 (P < 0.05 versus day 10), but no significant changes in IGFBP-4 or -5 were seen. In Experiment 2, IGFBP-3 (w IGF) inhibited the steroidogenic actions of IGF-I, but had no significant actions alone (IGFBP-3 w/o IGF). Finally, IGFBP-3 AB stimulated P4 secretion on days 4 and 7, but not on days 10-16. We conclude that IGFBP-3 inhibits IGF-I actions in the porcine CL.  相似文献   

8.
The effects of pretreatment of Staphylococcus aureus with subMIC or 10 × MIC amoxycillin, cloxacillin and nafcillin on subsequent killing by bovine neutrophils or sensitivity to lysostaphin were examined in vitro, using penicillinase positive and negative strains. All penicillins increased the susceptibility of S. aureus to bovine neutrophils; with amoxycillin this was most marked with the penicillinase negative strain. Cloxacillin pretreatment was significantly more effective than nafcillin or amoxycillin in some tests and equally effective in others. The sensitivity of S. aureus to lysostaphin was increased following cloxacillin or nafcillin exposure. In a mouse model of mastitis, more cloxacillin and nafcillin-treated S. aureus (at 1/4 MIC) were killed than untreated bacteria 1 hr after infection but by 4 hr no differences were found. No differences were seen after intramammary infection with 10 × MIC penicillin-treated S. aureus. In glands with established chronic mastitis both cloxacillin and nafcillin at high doses failed to kill staphylococci. These findings indicate that prior exposure to penicillins increases staphylococcal susceptibility to killing by neutrophils but following phagocytosis, intracellular bacteria are protected from the lethal action of penicillins.  相似文献   

9.
The effects of subtherapeutic antimicrobial supplementation and weaning on serum levels of IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP)-2, -3 and -4 were determined in crossbred weanling pigs. At weaning, pigs were allotted to a diet containing 21.8% crude protein and 1.15% lysine with or without Aureozol (110 mg/kg of Aureomycin chlortetracycline, 110 mg/kg of sulfathiazole, and 55 mg/kg of penicillin) for 4 wk. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and IGF-I analyses were performed on blood samples that were drawn weekly. Weaning decreased serum IGFBP-3 levels in both control and Aureozol-treated groups on d 6 and d 14 (P < 0.05) relative to preweaning levels. The IGFBP-3 values returned to preweaning levels by d 21. Although the circulating levels of both the 43-kDa and the 39-kDa glycosylation variants of IGFBP-3 were affected by weaning, the level of the 39-kDa IGFBP-3 was affected relatively more than that of the 43-kDa IGFBP-3 (P < 0.05). Compared with circulating IGFBP-3 levels in control pigs, Aureozol-treated pigs had higher circulating IGFBP-3 levels on d 21 (43%, P < 0.05) and d 27 (46%, P < 0.05). In direct contrast to the effect of weaning on serum IGFBP-3 level, serum IGFBP-2 levels increased on d 6 and d 14 after weaning (P < 0.05) and decreased to preweaning levels by d 21. The IGFBP-2 levels continued to decline and were less than preweaning levels by d 27 (P < 0.05). Aureozol treatment had no effect on serum IGFBP-2 levels at any time. Serum levels of nonglycosylated IGFBP-4 were not affected by either weaning or Aureozol supplementation. Weaning decreased circulating IGF-I concentration on d 6 in both control and Aureozol-treated pigs (76 and 73%, respectively, P < 0.05) and on d 14 (62%, P < 0.05) and d 21 (32%, P < 0.05) in control pigs. Aureozol-supplemented pigs had higher serum IGF-I concentrations than control pigs on d 14 (82%, P < 0.05), d 21 (55%, P < 0.05), and d 27 (36%, P < 0.05). The Aureozol-fed pigs had a 14.2% increase in BW gain (P < 0.05) and a 59.6% increase in ADG (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the control diet. Both Aureozol-supplementation and weaning cause changes in serum IGFBP levels and IGF-I concentrations that might be involved in regulating rate and efficiency of growth.  相似文献   

10.
Postweaning serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations and serum IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) were investigated in 68 (1992 Fall-born) and 84 (1999 Fall-born) Angus cattle selected for either high or low serum IGF-I concentrations since 1989. Relative serum levels of IGFBP were determined by [125I]IGF-I Western ligand blotting. IGFBP species of 38–42, 34, 30, and 24 kDa were identified. The 34 kDa species was identified as IGFBP-2 by immunoblot analysis. No significant line effects were observed for any of the IGFBP. In both 1992 and 1999, heifers had higher IGFBP-2 levels than bulls (P<0.0005). In 1992 calves, relative levels of the 38–42 and 24 kDa species were significantly correlated with serum IGF-I concentration. In 1999 calves, none of the IGFBP were correlated with serum IGF-I, although IGFBP-2 was negatively correlated with several measures of body weight. No significant line effects were observed for growth or serum IGF-I traits in 1992 calves. However, 1999 high line calves had higher serum IGF-I concentrations and body weights than low line calves (P<0.05). In both 1992 and 1999 calves, bulls had higher serum IGF-I concentrations and body weights than heifers (P<0.05). Thus, while selection for high versus low serum IGF-I concentrations has resulted in divergence between the selection lines and also in changes in body weights, it has not resulted in changes in serum IGFBP levels. Furthermore, circulating IGFBP-2 appears to be higher in heifers than in bulls, and also appears to be negatively correlated with body weights.  相似文献   

11.
Defensin is a small cationic peptide widely distributed in animals and plants. It is an important component of the innate immune defense system of mammals. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. Porcine β-defensin-2 (PBD-2) is one of the natural defensins expressed in pigs and has good antibacterial activity in vitro. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PBD-2 in the treatment of Streptococcus suis infection in animals and to provide more insights for evaluating the value of PBD-2 as a therapeutic drug. Firstly, the bactericidal activity of PBD-2 against S. suis clinical isolate SC-19 was measured in vitro, and the cytotoxicity of PBD-2 was tested on mouse-derived macrophages (RAW264.7). Subsequently, C57 female mice aged 4-6 weeks and weighing between 18-22 g infected with S. suis SC-19 were treated with PBD-2 or PBS (n ≥ 6). The survival rate of mice, and the bacteria loads, inflammatory cytokine levels, and pathological changes of tissues were determined. The results showed that PBD-2 (25-200 μg·mL-1) could significantly inhibit the growth of S. suis SC-19 in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). At the same time, PBD-2 had no significant toxic effect on RAW cells (P>0.05). The in vivo study revealed that PBD-2 treatment could effectively reduce the mortality of mice infected with S. suis SC-19. At the same time, PBD-2 treatment significantly reduced bacteria loads in brain, lung, spleen and blood of mice, and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in mouse sera (P<0.05). At the same time, PBD-2 treatment also significantly alleviated the degree of pathological damages in lung and spleen tissues of mice infected with bacteria (P<0.05). These results indicate that PBD-2 confers great resilience to S. suis in vitro without significant cytotoxicity, while it also exhibits a therapeutic effect on S. suis infection in mice, suggesting that the use of PBD-2 as a therapeutic drug and substitutes for antibiotics is of an excellent prospect.  相似文献   

12.
猪β防御素-2对猪链球菌感染小鼠的治疗效果评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
防御素是一种广泛分布于动植物中的阳离子小肽,是哺乳动物先天性免疫防御系统的重要成分,具有广谱抗菌、抗病毒和抗真菌活性。猪β防御素-2（porcine β-defensin-2,PBD-2）是猪表达的天然防御素之一,在体外具有良好的抗菌活性。本研究旨在评价PBD-2在动物体内对重要的人兽共患病原菌猪链球菌感染的治疗效果,为评估PBD-2成为治疗性药物的潜在价值提供依据。首先,在体外检测了PBD-2对猪链球菌临床分离菌株SC-19的杀菌活性,并且在鼠源巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）上检测了PBD-2的细胞毒性。随后,选取4~6周龄,体重在18~22 g的C57雌鼠,检测了PBD-2处理组和PBS对照组小鼠（n≥6）感染猪链球菌SC-19后的存活率、组织载菌量、炎性细胞因子水平和病理变化。结果表明,PBD-2（25~200 μg·mL-1）可显著地抑制猪链球菌SC-19生长（P<0.05）,且抑制作用随浓度升高而增强,同时,对RAW细胞无显著的毒性作用（P>0.05）。在体内,PBD-2处理能有效降低小鼠感染猪链球菌SC-19后的死亡率,并且显著降低小鼠感染细菌后的脑、肺、脾组织和血液中的细菌载量,以及血清中炎性细胞因子IL-6、IL-12和TNF-α的水平（P<0.05）。同时,PBD-2治疗也显著降低了小鼠感染细菌后肺和脾组织的病理变化程度（P<0.05）。这些结果说明,PBD-2在体外具有良好的抗猪链球菌的活性,无显著细胞毒性,同时,在小鼠体内对猪链球菌感染具有治疗效果,提示,PBD-2具有进一步开发为治疗性药物的潜力。  相似文献   

13.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of feed restriction and re-alimentation on the onset of puberty and IGF status in peripubertal male calves and to compare the radioimmunoassay (RIA) and western ligand blotting (WLB) methods for bovine IGFBP-2. Twelve prepubertal 290 d-old Belgian Blue bulls (mean weight: +/- 290 kg) were randomly assigned in three groups: a control group (NG; n = 4) receiving a classic fattening diet to induce "normal" growth (1.48 kg/d), a feed restricted group (RG; n = 4) to obtain reduced growth (0.50 kg/d) and, a severely restricted group (SG; n = 4) to nearly stop growth (0.08 kg/d). The feed restriction period was maintained over a period of 114 d. After the period of differential feeding, all animals received the control feed regime over a period of 100 d. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals. Circulating IGF-I was measured by RIA whereas plasma IGFBPs was evaluated by WLB; IGFBP-2 was additionally quantified by RIA procedure. At the beginning of the trial, IGF-I levels were low (<100 ng/ml) and similar in the three groups in accordance with prepubertal status. In the NG group, a progressive rise in IGF-I was observed from Day 42 to Day 142 whereas in the RG and SG groups, IGF-I levels did not change until the experimental restriction period ended. The delay of the rise in plasma IGF-I was longer for the SG group, IGF-I remained low until 2 wk after the end of the period of restricted feeding. Surprisingly, although differences were detected for IGF-I levels between the three groups, the IGFBP-2 and -3 data, evaluated by WLB could only discriminate between NG and SG group and not between NG and RG. However, by using a RIA method, an IGFBP-2 decrease was observed in the NG group coincident with increasing IGF-I levels. For both RG and SG groups, IGFBP-2 levels remained high throughout the feed restriction period whereas plasma IGFBP-2 levels declined upon feeding in both groups. During this feed restriction period, IGFBP-2 was significantly lower in NG than in RG or SG groups. Moreover, SG group animals had higher levels in plasma IGFBP-2 than RG animals. In conclusion, puberty is characterized by developmental changes in plasma IGF-I and IGFBPs that were altered by feed restriction. Moreover, RIA evaluation of plasma IGFBP-2 is able to better reflect group differences than WLB.  相似文献   

14.
Feed restriction often increases serum somatotropin (ST) and decreases insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in ruminants; however, the mechanisms responsible for this change in ST and IGF-I are not well defined. We investigated the effects of feed restriction on serum ST, IGF-I, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP), insulin and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in cyclic Angus and Charolais heifers (n=15) previously immunized against growth hormone releasing factor (GRFi) or human serum albumin (HSAi). Cows were fed a concentrate diet ad libitum (AL) or were restricted to 2 kg cotton seed hulls (R) for 4 d. Each heifer received each dietary treatment in a single reversal design. As anticipated, GRFi decreased ST, IGF-I and insulin (P<.05). In addition, GRFi decreased serum IGFBP-3 (P<.01), but increased IGFBP-2 (P<.01). Feed restriction resulted in an increase in serum ST in HSAi, but not in GRFi heifers. Regardless of immunization treatment, feed restriction decreased serum IGF-I and insulin, and increased NEFA (P<.01). In conclusion, the increase in serum ST levels observed during feed restriction was blocked by active immunization against GRF. However, feed restriction resulted in decreased serum IGF-I in GRFi heifers in spite of initial low levels of IGF-I (due to GRFi). Although GRFi decreased levels of IGFBP-3 and increased levels of IGFBP-2, feed restriction for 4 d did not alter serum IGFBP.  相似文献   

15.
Ivermectin given in a single subcutaneous dose (300 micrograms/kg of body weight) was tested for activity against swine scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei). Efficacy was determined by recoveries of mites from ear scrapings and by observations of clinical signs. Treatment of infected sows 8 to 37 days before farrowing eliminated scabies from the sows and prevented its transmission to their offspring. Pigs farrowed by ivermectin-treated sows remained noninfected throughout the study regardless of whether they were treated with ivermectin at weaning. Placebo-treated sows remained infected and transmitted scabies to their offspring. Ivermectin treatment of pigs at weaning eliminated the infection, whereas placebo treatment did not. The placebo-treated pigs remained infected while in the nursery, but ivermectin treatment eliminated the infection when they were moved to the growing and finishing floor at 12 weeks of age. It appears that an effective control program for swine scabies using ivermectin could be based on a single treatment of the sows before farrowing. Any infection (epizootic) appearing in growing pigs could be controlled by a single treatment of all in-contact pigs.  相似文献   

16.
Goat fleas of the order Siphonaptera were collected from the body surfaces of naturally infected polyarthritic goat kids with septicaemia. These fleas and the infected kids were positive for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (large colony type) identified by cultural, morphological, biochemical and growth inhibition tests. Blood from the infected fleas contained 1 × 102−1 × 105 viable subsp. mycoides ml−1. Experimental transmission of the disease to other kids was established by placing 120 infected fleas on each kid's body surfaces. All experimentally infected kids developed characteristic clinical signs and showed leucopenia with neutropenia, an increased amount of fibrinogen and mortality with lesions of suppurative polyarthritis associated with septicaemia. The organisms were also recovered in high numbers from heart blood, body fluids, and infected organs and joints. The results suggested that fleas of the order Siphonaptera acted as vectors for the transmission of the spontaneous disease in kids.  相似文献   

17.
Midwest U.S. herds (n = 63) were studied to identify risk factors for harboring Salmonella enterica among slaughter-weight pigs. Samples collected on farms (feces) and at slaughter (distal colonic content, cecal content and ileocolic lymph nodes) were cultured using conventional means. Approximately 15 pigs were studied per herd, for a total of 3754 samples. The proportion of pigs positive in one or more samples was calculated for each herd. Herd characteristics were described by a combination of interview and written survey. Logistic regression was used to detect relationships between the detection of Salmonella and potential herd-level risk factors. The mean individual pig prevalence was 5% for feces, 4% for distal colonic content, 15% for ileocolic lymph nodes, and 17% for cecal contents. One or more Salmonella isolates were detected in at least one sample type in every herd. The five most common serovars were S. Agona, S. Derby, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Typhimurium and S. Senftenberg, with 25 additional serovars detected. Salmonella prevalence estimates were positively correlated among all samples except distal colonic content and ileocolic lymph nodes. Pigs with culture positive fecal samples were at increased odds of being detected positive for each of the slaughter-collected samples examined, namely distal colonic content (OR = 30.5), ileocolic lymph nodes (OR = 12.9) and cecal content (OR = 23.2). Herds with positive fecal sample(s) had increased odds of having positive cecal content (OR > 1.5), distal colonic content (OR = 15.3) and ileocolic lymph nodes (OR = 12.7). Pigs from herds with at least some bowl drinkers had eight-fold higher odds of testing Salmonella positive than did pigs from herds with only nipple drinkers. Pigs from herds with only dry feeders had five-fold higher odds of testing Salmonella positive when compared with pigs from herds with combinations of wet/dry style feeders. Interventions at these two points should be considered when designing growing pig facilities to reduce Salmonella shedding.  相似文献   

18.
One hundred and twenty 1-day-old broiler chickens were divided into four groups: group I unmedicated and orally challenged with 1.5×108 cfu of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4; group F infected and treated with 300 ppm of fosfomycin in their drinking water; group CF uninfected and treated, and group C maintained as a control group. Their performance, clinical signs, S. enteritidis PT4 reisolation and biochemistry variables were compared. Group F showed fewer symptoms and gross lesions than those from group I. Fosfomycin treatment at 300 ppm improved body weight at 7 days of age by 42.3%. S. enteritidis PT4 reisolation in group I was higher than in the treated group, but total decontamination of challenged birds was not achieved. There was an increase in the levels of total protein and globulins in group I but not in the treated group. Fosfomycin caused no adverse effects on chickens from group CF, assessed by performance and biochemical variables. The results indicate that fosfomycin could be used in the treatment of S. enteritidis PT4 experimental infection.  相似文献   

19.
Effects of L-carnitine on fetal growth and the IGF system in pigs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The effects of L-carnitine on porcine fetal growth traits and the IGF system were determined. Fourth-parity sows were fed a gestation diet with either a 50-g top dress containing 0 (control, n = 6) or 100 mg of L-carnitine (n = 6). At midgestation, fetuses were removed for growth measurements, and porcine embryonic myoblasts (PEM) were isolated from semitendinosus. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure growth factor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the uterus, placenta, muscle, hepatic tissue, and cultured PEM. A treatment x day interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for maternal circulating total carnitine. Sows fed L-carnitine had a greater (P = 0.01) concentration of total carnitine at d 57 than control sows. Circulating IGF-I was not affected (P = 0.55) by treatment. Supplementing sows with L-carnitine resulted in larger (P = 0.02) litters (15.5 vs. 10.8 fetuses) without affecting litter weight (P = 0.07; 1,449.6 vs. 989.4 g) or individual fetal weight (P = 0.88) compared with controls. No treatment effect was found for muscle IGF-I (P = 0.36), IGF-II (P = 0.51), IGFBP-3 (P = 0.70), or IGFBP-5 (P = 0.51) mRNA abundance. The abundance of IGF-I (P = 0.72), IGF-II (P = 0.34), and IGFBP-3 (P = 0.99) in hepatic tissue was not influenced by treatment. Uterine IGF-I (P = 0.46), IGF-II (P = 0.40), IGFBP-3 (P = 0.29), and IGFBP-5 (P = 0.35) mRNA abundance did not differ between treatments. Placental IGF-I (P = 0.30), IGF-II (P = 0.18), IGFBP-3 (P = 0.94), and IGFBP-5 (P = 0.42) mRNA abundance did not differ between treatments. There was an effect of side of the uterus for IGF-I (P = 0.04) and IGF-II (P = 0.007) mRNA abundance; IGF-I mRNA abundance was greater in the left uterine horn than in the right uterine horn (0.14 and 0.07 relative units, respectively). Placental IGF-II mRNA abundance was greater (P = 0.007) in the left than in the right uterine horn (483.5 and 219.59, respectively). The abundance of IGFBP-3 was not affected by uterine horns in either uterine (P = 0.66) or placental (P = 0.13) tissue. There was no treatment difference for IGF-I (P = 0.31) or IGFBP-5 (P = 0.13) in PEM. The PEM isolated from sows fed L-carnitine had decreased IGF-II (P = 0.02), IGFBP-3 (P = 0.03), and myogenin (P = 0.04; 61, 59, and 67%, respectively) mRNA abundance compared with controls. These data suggest that L-carnitine supplemented to gestating sows altered the IGF system and may affect fetal growth and development.  相似文献   

20.
Sarcocystis infections in Georgia swine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Tissues from 168 mature sows obtained at slaughter in northern and southern Georgia were examined for infection with Sarcocystis spp. Digestion techniques revealed zoites in 28 (16.5%) sows. Infected meat was fed to laboratory-reared dogs, cats, raccoons (Procyon lotor), and opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). Dogs and raccoons shed sporocysts (8.3 mum X 11.2 mum) 12 to 14 days after infection. Cats and opossums were refractory to infection. Sarcocystis-free pigs were infected with 50,000 sporocysts of swine-dog origin. Tissues from laboratory-infected swine were fed to dogs and raccoons. Both species shed sporocysts 14 days later. This is the 1st time in which a definitive host has been demonstrated for species of Sarcocystis occurring in North American swine. The raccoon constitutes a new definitive host for S suicanis Erber 1977. In contrast to previously reported low prevalences of Sarcocystis infections in swine, the relatively high prevalence reported here indicates that S suicanis may be of importance to swine producers in Georgia.  相似文献   

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