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云南省蔬菜中有机磷农药残留现状分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用气相色谱法研究了云南省38种蔬菜1779个蔬菜样品中甲胺磷等7种有机磷农药残留问题。结果显示,云南省蔬菜中有机磷农药超标率为7.76%,绿叶类蔬菜和白菜类蔬菜是云南省蔬菜超标的主要蔬菜类别,而根菜类蔬菜和薯芋类蔬菜中有机磷农药未超标。不同取样场所类型中,蔬菜生产基地和超市的蔬菜超标率较低,批发市场和农贸市场的蔬菜超标率较高。从不同的有机磷农药种类来看,中度毒性农药毒死蜱和乐果在云南省蔬菜生产中使用最广泛;国家明令禁止使用的高毒农药氧化乐果、甲胺磷、对硫磷在云南省蔬菜中残留情况严重;甲拌磷未检出,甲基对硫磷未超标。 相似文献
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为深入探究蔬菜种植农户在蔬菜生产过程中农药施用行为选择逻辑,本文以福建省厦门市蔬菜种植农户的实地调研数据为例,利用二元Logistic回归模型进行实证分析,研究了蔬菜种植菜农农药施用行为选择逻辑及其影响因素。结果表明,菜农年龄、家庭劳动力人数、农业收入、种植面积、务农年限、对农药施用安全间隔期的认知、对优质品牌农产品知识的认知、参加农业技术培训次数、农药残留检测等因素在不同程度上对蔬菜种植农户农药施用行为有影响。建议规范施用农药的激励机制,确实落实农产品生产的主体责任;鼓励开展农业技术推广、政策宣传、技术培训、服务指导等工作;加大优质蔬菜产品生产的扶持力度,创新蔬菜农药残留例行抽样检测模式,促进菜农农药规范施药行为。 相似文献
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为摸清浙江省台州市杨梅主产区流通环节的杨梅鲜果质量安全状况,分别于2018年、 2019年在台州的仙居、临海、黄岩等地共采集108个杨梅样品,在调研的基础上,针对生产过程中可能使用的35种农药,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法进行多残留检测,结果表明,两年共检出8种农药残留,两种农药残留存在超标现象,超标率分别为0.9%和4.6%,其中,2019年比2018年检出的农药种类减少,且无超标样品。由于存在检出禁用农药及个别农药残留超标的问题,建议从强化农业投入品监管、完善果品检验监测工作、推行鲜果销售的市场准入制度等方面加强杨梅质量安全监管,确保杨梅放心消费。 相似文献
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农产品中农药残留分析技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农药残留的极性中毒事件和农产品进出口贸易中农药残留超标问题时有发生,农药残留分析是保证人民群众食品安全和进出口企业利益的重要手段,近年来农产品中农药残留分析技术有了快速的发展。本文主要在农药残留分析中的样品前处理和仪器检测2方面对近5年来的研究进展进行分析和讨论,主要探讨了前处理中的QuEChERS方法的应用、改进和发展,以及仪器检测手段中串联质谱的应用现状及高分辨质谱的应用前景,最后对农药残留分析这两方面的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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化学农药施用技术与粮食安全 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6
化学农药在保证粮食供应方面发挥了重要作用,这是粮食安全的传统意义。但是农药大量投入导致农产品中农药残留超标,影响了粮食安全的另一个方面。化学农药对农产品的负面影响与农药的施用方法有密切的关系。发达国家在改善环境质量、提高农产品品质的同时,建立了完善的农药使用和管理法规,并通过农药施用技术改造,大大提高了农药的利用率,从而基本解决了农药环境污染和农产品农药残留超标的问题。我国在农药施用过程中,由于长期忽视施用质量的提高,加之缺乏相应的管理措施,农药对病虫草害的防治效果一直是以农药的大量投入来保证的,对农产品质量造成了很大的影响。要解决农药的使用问题,首先须通过行政管理和立法限制单位土地面积上农药的施用量,其次建立农户农药购买登记制度,保证农户实际所用农药不会超过允许使用量,最后加强农药施用者的培训,培训合格后发给操作证,持证施用农药。确保这3个环节的落实,可激发农户农药施用技术的改进,使有限投入的农药发挥最大的效用,减少农药用量,缓解农药与环境及农产品质量之间的矛盾 相似文献
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为快速检测农产品农药残留，开发了基于酶抑制法的农产品农药残留快速检测系统。该检测系统由固体光源、样品池、单片机测量电路板及微机等组成，通过测量经酶抑制反应后样品液的吸光度值实现农产品中农药残留的快速检测。研究了吸光度随反应时间的变化关系、温度对酶活性的影响及农药残留浓度与酶抑制率的关系。结果表明吸光度随反应时间逐渐增加，反应前期增速快，线性度好，适合测量；酶在20～40℃时具有最佳的活性，灵敏度高；农药残留对酶的抑制作用明显，当抑制率高于70%时可判定农药残留超标。 相似文献
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N J Yess M G Houston E L Gunderson 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1991,74(2):265-272
Pesticide residues in foods are reported for the 5-year period 1978-1982 [fiscal years (FY) 78-82]. Results were compiled from the 2 complementary elements that comprise the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) program for monitoring pesticide residues in foods. Under regulatory monitoring, which focuses on residues in raw agricultural commodities, a total of 49,877 samples (30,361 domestic and 19,516 import) that included fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, milk and dairy products, seafoods, and a variety of processed foods were analyzed. No residues were found in about 55 and 44% of the domestic and import samples, respectively. About 3% of the domestic and 7% of the import samples were classed as violative. Data from the Total Diet Study, which is conducted to determine dietary intakes of a variety of chemicals, showed that residues of 42 pesticides were found in 1044 composites of table-ready foods. Results of FDA's monitoring for FY78-82 demonstrate that pesticide residue levels in the U.S. food supply were generally well below regulatory limits, and dietary intakes were manyfold lower than the Acceptable Daily Intakes established by international agencies. 相似文献
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果蔬农药残留危害人类健康,施药后,农药分布于其表皮和内部组织,果蔬表面农药绝对残留量低、不均匀,直接光谱检测表征难,而表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)技术具有分子级检测精度,可以有效扩增信号,在实现微量物质检测方面优势明显。为此,论文综述了国内外表面增强拉曼散射技术的研究现状,特别是详细介绍了通过设计合理的表面增强拉曼基底结构,实现农药残留信号增强的主要技术手段和表面增强拉曼光谱信号分析方法。在此基础上,指出农药残留的表面增强拉曼检测技术研究中的前沿热点问题,探讨并展望了表面增强拉曼技术在农药残留快速检测方面的发展趋势。基于表面增强拉曼的农药高灵敏度、快速检测表征技术,将在农药违禁使用和农药残留超标监管中有广阔应用前景。 相似文献
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N J Yess M G Houston E L Gunderson 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1991,74(2):273-280
Pesticide residues in foods are reported for the 4-year period 1982-1986 [fiscal years (FY) 83-86]. Results were summarized from the 2 complementary approaches that make up the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pesticide residue monitoring program. Under regulatory monitoring, which focuses on residues in raw agricultural commodities, a total of 49,055 samples (27,700 domestic and 21,355 import) that included fresh fruits and vegetables, grains and grain products, milk and dairy products, seafoods, and a variety of processed foods were analyzed. No residues were found in 60 and 48% of the domestic and import samples, respectively, compared with 55 and 44% in FY78-82. About 3% of the domestic and 5% of the import samples were violative. In FY78-82, about 3 and 7% were violative, respectively. The other FDA monitoring approach, the Total Diet Study, was revised in April 1982 to expand coverage of age/sex groups, use updated diets, and provide for analysis of individual foods. Results from monitoring under this modified approach and from regulatory monitoring continued to demonstrate that pesticide residues in the U.S. food supply were well below regulatory limits, and dietary intakes were many times lower than the Acceptable Daily Intakes established by international agencies. 相似文献
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Cortés JM Sanchez R Díaz-Plaza EM Villén J Vazquez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(6):1997-2002
A simple, rapid and sensitive multiresidue method has been developed for the determination in vegetables of organophosphorus pesticides commonly used in crop protection. Pesticide residues are extracted from samples with a small amount of ethyl acetate and anhydrous sodium sulfate. No additional concentration and cleanup steps are necessary. Analyses are performed by large volume GC injection using the through oven transfer adsorption desorption (TOTAD) interface. The calculated limits of detection for each pesticide injecting 50 microL of extract and using an NPD are lower than 0.35 microg/kg which is much lower than the maximum residues levels (MRLs) established by European legislation. Repeatability studies yielded a relative standard deviation lower than 10% in all cases. The method was applied to the analysis of eggplant, lettuce, pepper, cucumber, and tomato. 相似文献
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表面增强拉曼光谱检测脐橙果皮混合农药残留 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了研究果皮农药残留快速检测方法。该文以脐橙为例,混合农药(亚胺硫磷和乐果)为研究对象,选用银纳米线作为增强基底,利用共焦显微拉曼光谱仪对农药残留进行检测。通过表面增强拉曼光谱(surface enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)技术,采集脐橙表皮混合农药残留的SERS光谱。对混合农药定性分析,银纳米线对2种农药都有较好的增强效果。对采集的光谱进行预处理后,建立模型,进行定量分析,研究结果表明,经过二阶微分预处理后光谱数据结合偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)得到的模型预测效果最好,预测相关系数(R_p)为0.954,其预测均方根误差(root-mean-square prediction error,RMSEP)为4.822 mg/L。挑选两种农药特征峰的特征波段,混合农药中亚胺硫磷的特征波段经多元散射校正(multiplicative scatter correction,MSC)处理后,建模效果较好,其中R_p为0.898,RMSEP为6.621 mg/L;混合农药中乐果的特征波段经基线校正处理后,建模效果较好,其中R_p为0.911,RMSEP为7.369 mg/L。研究结果表明SERS技术是一种快速、可靠的检测混合农药残留的方法。 相似文献
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Salas JH González MM Noa M Pérez NA Díaz G Gutiérrez R Zazueta H Osuna I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(15):4468-4471
A study was conducted to measure residues of 13 organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, widely used as dairy cattle ectoparasiticides or in crops used for animal feed, in homogenized and pasteurized Mexican milk samples. Four different milk brands with high distribution were collected biweekly during a 12 month period (n = 96) in supermarkets. OP pesticide residues were measured by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. Approximately 39.6% of the samples contained detectable levels of OP pesticide residues. Eight samples contained residues exceeding established maximum residue limits (MRL), and the OP pesticides present in these samples were dichlorvos (five samples), phorate, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenvinphos (one sample, respectively). Average residues of 13 OP pesticides measured were below established MRLs ranging between 0.0051 and 0.0203 ppm. 相似文献
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采用气相色谱法（GC-NPD,ECD）测定毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯残留量,研究了菠菜（Spinacia oleracea L.）和不结球白菜（Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee）中毒死蜱、氰戊菊酯的残留动态。结果表明,菠菜中毒死蜱残留量、不结球白菜中毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯残留量存在着明显的基因型差异。同一不结球白菜基因型,毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯的残留量达到《GB 2763—2005食品中农药最大残留限量》中规定的叶类蔬菜农药最大残留限量所需要的时间存在明显差异,且毒死蜱达到最大残留限量所需要的时间比氰戊菊酯长,因此在选择低农药残留基因型时,应首先考虑农药残留时间长、最大农药残留限量低的农药品种。菠菜品种sp0723、卡尔以及不结球白菜品种矮抗青、无锡605和青选3号属于低农药残留的基因型,在生产上推广应用有利于提高叶类蔬菜的食用安全水平。 相似文献
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为研究低糖姜脯加工过程对生姜中甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵残留量的影响,以江永香姜为原料,通过浸药方式强化初始残留量,采用液相色谱串联质谱法测定各主要加工工序中2种农药残留量的变化,并计算2种农药在各工序中的加工因子。结果表明,在低糖姜脯加工过程中,除2次干燥工序,其他加工工序对甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的残留水平均有一定的降低作用,全果清洗步骤多菌灵的去除率为31.1%,甲基硫菌灵的去除率高达62.3%;去皮工序甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的去除率分别为82.0%和72.9%,漂烫工序甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的去除率分别为36.8%和77.3%,硬化、超声辅助加热渗糖和上胶衣过程均对甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的去除有一定的积极影响。在整个加工过程中,各工序姜脯样品的加工因子均小于1,低糖姜脯成品中的甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的加工因子分别为0.010和0.023,表明整个加工过程可以显著降低姜脯中甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的残留量(P<0.05)。本研究结果为生姜加工工艺的优化和农药残留的膳食暴露风险评估提供了数据支撑和参考。 相似文献
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N V Fehringer S M Walters 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1986,69(1):90-93
Results of pesticide and industrial chemical residue determinations, using both capillary and packed column gas chromatography (GC), in 3 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laboratories have been compiled and compared. Samples consisted of food products collected for routine residue screening by the respective laboratories. Extracts were prepared by conventional multiresidue methodology. Capillary column systems and operating conditions were selected at the discretion of each laboratory and were therefore variable, although split/splitless injectors in the split mode were used with prescribed precautions in all cases. Packed column systems were operated as specified in the FDA Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM). Overall correlation between the 2 systems, expressed as the average ratio of packed column result to capillary column result, was 0.99 for 120 determinations in 41 samples. The higher resolving power of the capillary systems allowed quantitation of several residues that were incompletely separated and therefore unquantifiable using the packed columns. Capillary column GC with the split injection technique, used with appropriate precautions, was found to be both reliable and advantageous for regulatory determination of pesticide and industrial chemical residues in foods and feeds. 相似文献