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为了解上海市地产芹菜的农药残留情况及慢性膳食摄入风险水平,对2017-2022年采集的500份上海市地产芹菜样品中82种农药残留进行检测,并利用@Risk7.6软件,对芹菜的农药残留情况和慢性膳食暴露风险进行分析,以向各级监管部门提供后续芹菜质量安全监测的参考依据。结果表明,500份芹菜样品的农药残留总体检出率为31.4%,合格率为99.0%;共检出29种农药残留,烯酰吗啉、啶虫脒、腐霉利、吡虫啉、多菌灵和噻虫嗪的检出率较高;检出5份不合格样品,超标农药为噻虫嗪、灭蝇胺、氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯和苯醚甲环唑。在检出的样品中,82.8%的检出农药未在芹菜上登记,51.7%的农药暂未制定在芹菜中的最大残留限量标准,52.9%的样品同时检出2种及以上的农药残留。在慢性膳食暴露风险评估中,高检出率农药的平均风险值为0.002 18～0.041 6,均远小于1,表明居民通过食用上海市地产芹菜摄入农药残留的慢性风险处于可接受的水平,但有关部门仍需加强未登记农药的监测,从而进一步保障芹菜的质量安全。 相似文献
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通过对生产基地和销售市场蔬菜水果监测分析，虽然农产品质量安全日益提高，但农药残留超标问题依然存在，共检出多种有机磷农药（甲胺磷、氧化乐果、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、甲拌磷、毒死蜱等）残留和多种拟除虫菊酯农药（三唑酮、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯等）残留。农药残留超标情况由过去的单一高毒农药向多种农药残留超标方向发展，单一蔬菜样品中往往同时检出多种有机磷或有机氯农药。 相似文献
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为摸清浙江省台州市杨梅主产区流通环节的杨梅鲜果质量安全状况,分别于2018年、 2019年在台州的仙居、临海、黄岩等地共采集108个杨梅样品,在调研的基础上,针对生产过程中可能使用的35种农药,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法进行多残留检测,结果表明,两年共检出8种农药残留,两种农药残留存在超标现象,超标率分别为0.9%和4.6%,其中,2019年比2018年检出的农药种类减少,且无超标样品。由于存在检出禁用农药及个别农药残留超标的问题,建议从强化农业投入品监管、完善果品检验监测工作、推行鲜果销售的市场准入制度等方面加强杨梅质量安全监管,确保杨梅放心消费。 相似文献
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为了对市售干香菇中农药残留和二氧化硫含量情况进行安全性评价,在湖北、福建、山东、上海、北京等地采集了115个干香菇样品,评价干香菇中79种农药残留和二氧化硫含量情况。结果显示,干香菇中农药残留检出种类有11种,多为未登记农药,主要检出的是多菌灵和克螨特,但检出值普遍偏低,参照相关限量值判定均未超标。6个香菇样品中二氧化硫含量超标,超标率为5.2%,检出最大值为53 mg/kg。通过点评估方法对人群食用香菇二氧化硫的膳食暴露量进行了评估,评估结果表明,人群食用香菇二氧化硫的月摄入量处于安全水平内,风险较小,市售干香菇质量安全风险较小。为了保证干香菇的质量安全水平,应加强对香菇种植、加工和贮藏等环节的监管力度。 相似文献
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多年来由于大量和连续地使用化学农药防治蔬菜病虫害,造成蔬菜农药残留污染严重。通过对川南地区蔬菜进行监测,比较了不同抽样地点农药残留检测情况、不同类型农药超标污染情况、不同种类蔬菜安全情况,分析了蔬菜中农药残留量污染的原因,提出了提高蔬菜质量安全相应的措施和建议。 相似文献
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食品安全是社会关注的焦点,直接关系到百姓的生命健康。蔬菜作为日常生活的主要食品之一,其质量安全的有效控制,是食品安全监管的工作重点。基于此,立足泉州市蔬菜农药残留的现状,分析了农药残留超标的原因,并在此基础之上,从强化科学引导、强化农药使用监管、加大投入等方面阐述了提升蔬菜质量安全水平的应对措施。 相似文献
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利用统计学的方法统计了近8年的66起韭菜农药残留问题事件数据,通过事故树对韭菜农药残留的各种基本事件及相互关系全面、系统、简明的展现,进一步对事故树进行定性定量分析,得出事故树的最小径集、最小割集以及结构重要度,了解基本事件对问题发生的影响程度,并根据分析结果采取预防韭菜农药残留超标问题措施,从而减小农药残留超标问题发生的概率或减小、消除农药残留超标问题的影响,对加强韭菜安全管理监督预防工作提供科学的理论指导。 相似文献
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通过开展结球生菜生产中所用主要农药--霜霉威、吡虫啉、腐霉利的消解规律研究,探讨生菜农药消解与农药种类、浓度及外部因子的关系,为结球生菜生产过程中的安全管理提供参考依据。以目前我国生产上主要使用的结球生菜品种--＂皇帝＂为材料,2007年春季露地种植,按霜霉威、腐霉利、吡虫啉最大推荐用量（计算浓度分别为1203.3、500.0、40.0mg·kg-1）和最大推荐用量的2倍（计算浓度分别为2406.6、1000.0、80.0mg·kg-1）两个农药剂量处理,分别于6月6日施药后当日、2、6、9d取样测定农药残留含量,并记录环境因子温度、光照的变化。结果表明,不论是按最大推荐用量还是最大推荐用量2倍喷施,吡虫啉、霜霉威、腐霉利在生菜上均表现为起始和最后阶段消解快、中间阶段消解平缓的特点;按日本肯定列表制度对生菜吡虫啉、霜霉威和腐霉利最大残留限量（分别为5.0、10.0和5.0mg·kg-1）要求,对于吡虫啉,即使按最大推荐用量2倍喷施,其喷施8h后的残留量仅为1.5mg·kg-1,说明春季露地生菜上喷施吡虫啉的安全性较高;对于霜霉威,按最大推荐用量喷施,施药6d后的残留量为10.7mg·kg-1,接近肯定列表制度的要求,施药9d后的残留量降至8．4mg·kg-1,表明霜霉威自喷药至采收的间隔期应至少在7d以上才可能是安全的;对于腐霉利,到试验结束时,不论何种喷施浓度,其残留量均超过5．0mg·kg-1的要求,其使用安全性需要引起重视。在影响吡虫啉、霜霉威、腐霉利在生菜上消解的因素方面,统计分析表明,外部因子（时间、温度、光照）对3种农药消解具有显著作用（P〈0．05）,农药种类在对其消解率影响方面达到极显著差异（P〈0．01）,其中吡虫啉最易消解,其次为霜霉威,腐霉利消解最慢,但3种农药喷施浓度的高低对各自消解率均无显著影响（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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目前使用的绝大多数农药为合成农药,具有急性毒性特征,已开展的慢性评估不能完全符合实际需要,慢性评估结果容易出现过低估计风险,具有急性毒性特征的农药残留必须开展急性评估。为了推进急性评估研究,为我国食品安全监管和残留限量的制定提供技术支持,在WHO原则指导下、基于JMPR建议的方法,开展了蔬菜中氯氰菊酯残留的急性和慢性点评估技术研究。结果显示,济南、青岛和寿光三地市售的西红柿、菜椒、菜豆、茄子、豇豆和芹菜中氯氰菊酯残留摄入是安全的;虽然白菜出现了超标的个例,但99.98%的氯氰菊酯残留摄入不存在危害健康的摄入风险;即使考虑50%的总体误差以及蔬菜占总食物摄入量的比例,至少99.96%的残留摄入不存在危害健康的摄入风险。研究表明,摄入频率高的7类蔬菜中氯氰菊酯残留污染较轻,对消费者（包括孕妇、婴儿和儿童）身体健康危害很小。 相似文献
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Albero B Sánchez-Brunete C Tadeo JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(24):6915-6921
A rapid multiresidue method was developed for the determination of nine organophosphorus pesticides in fruit juices. The analytical procedure is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) of juice samples on Florisil in small glass columns and subsequent extraction with ethyl acetate assisted by sonication. Residue levels were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Spiked blank samples were used as standards to counteract the matrix effect observed in the chromatographic determination. The NPD response for all pesticides was linear in the concentration range studied with determination coefficients >0.999. Average recoveries obtained for all of the pesticides in the different juices and fortification levels were >70% with relative standard deviations of <11%. The detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 microg/kg. The identity of the pesticides was confirmed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection using selected ion monitoring. The proposed MSPD method was applied to determine pesticide residue levels in fruit juices sold in Spanish supermarkets. At least one pesticide was found in most of the samples, although the levels detected were very low, far from the maximum residue levels established for raw fruit. 相似文献
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D S Podrebarac 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1984,67(1):176-185
Residues of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and selected industrial chemicals and metals have been reported since 1964 through the Total Diet Study conducted by the Food and Drug Administration. This report, which is the fourteenth in the series, includes data for the adult diet market basket samples collected from October 1977 through September 1978 in 20 cities throughout 4 geographical areas. All items from each market basket were separated into 12 food classes for analysis, and the averages and ranges of the residues found are presented in various formats. In addition to the 240 composites analyzed, the individual items making up the dairy composites and the meat-fish-poultry composites were analyzed separately for 4 market baskets. The results of a recovery study in which composites were fortified with the more commonly reported residue compounds are also presented as a part of this report. Results for the infant and toddler Total Diet market baskets for the same period are published in a separate report. 相似文献
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农产品/食品中农药残留快速检测方法研究进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
农药残留的识别和量化通常依赖于气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、气/液相色谱-质谱联用法以及毛细管电泳法,这些方法需涉及大而贵重的仪器、费时的样品处理以及专门的技术培训。因此,建立在线、高灵敏度、高选择性、简单高效、低成本的农药残留快速检测方法和技术非常重要。该文综述了用于农产品/食品的农药残留分析快速检测方法,主要包括酶抑制法、免疫分析法、光谱法(包括可见/近红外、红外、拉曼和激光诱导击穿光谱等)以及各种生物传感器等,分别介绍了这些方法最新的研究进展,同时分析并总结了这些快速检测方法和技术的基本原理和特点。目前的研究在灵敏度、重复性、准确性方面存在着一些不足,商品化的农药残留检测仪器也比较单一。由于纳米生物技术、分子印迹技术和微流控技术等技术有着巨大的应用潜力,因此特别介绍了这些技术在农药残留分析中的应用。农药残留快速分析技术未来将会朝着检测仪器的小型化和集成化、多通道检测、无线通讯方向发展,提高快速检测方法和仪器的稳定性和可靠性是必然趋势。 相似文献
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S M Dogheim E N Nasr M M Almaz M M el-Tohamy 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1990,73(1):19-21
Because of the intensive use of pesticides for the control of certain pests in Egypt, country-wide residue monitoring programs must be established that can cover all the Egyptian Governorates exposed to pesticide treatments. To do so, limited programs must be adopted first, so that current situations and future needs for improved programs are identified. The present paper reports results from a limited monitoring program, which started in 1985 in one governorate and then expanded to include another in 1986. Fish and milk samples were the commodities selected for residue analysis. The results showed that milk samples collected from Beni-Suef Governorate in 1986 had lower levels of organochlorine residues compared to those collected in 1985. Residues in boltifish and catfish samples in 1986 were much higher than those detected in 1985. In comparison with Beni-Suef Governorate, and contrary to expectations, milk derived from Fayoum Governorate in 1986 was more contaminated with pesticides. While the amount of residues in boltifish was comparatively higher, catfish samples were less contaminated. 相似文献
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Salas JH González MM Noa M Pérez NA Díaz G Gutiérrez R Zazueta H Osuna I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(15):4468-4471
A study was conducted to measure residues of 13 organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, widely used as dairy cattle ectoparasiticides or in crops used for animal feed, in homogenized and pasteurized Mexican milk samples. Four different milk brands with high distribution were collected biweekly during a 12 month period (n = 96) in supermarkets. OP pesticide residues were measured by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. Approximately 39.6% of the samples contained detectable levels of OP pesticide residues. Eight samples contained residues exceeding established maximum residue limits (MRL), and the OP pesticides present in these samples were dichlorvos (five samples), phorate, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenvinphos (one sample, respectively). Average residues of 13 OP pesticides measured were below established MRLs ranging between 0.0051 and 0.0203 ppm. 相似文献
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The persistence and degradation of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos in a cranberry bog 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of a spray-tank adjuvant on the persistence, distribution, and degradation of two pesticides, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos, was studied in a commercial cranberry bog. Pesticides were applied according to label instructions to cranberry plants in paired plot studies. Dislodgeable foliar and whole fruit residues of both pesticides and several degradation products were assessed over a growing season. Residues were also assessed in soil samples collected at fruit harvest. Adjuvant increased both fruit and foliar residues but did not significantly alter the dissipation rate or metabolism of either pesticide. The dissipation of dislodgeable foliar chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos residues followed first-order kinetics, with estimated half-lives of 12.7 and 3.5 d, respectively. All residue levels on harvested fruit were well below the current U.S. EPA tolerances for fresh cranberries. Chlorothalonil (58%) was the major residue in fruit at harvest (76 d post-chlorothalonil application), with 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile and 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene accounting for 26% and 6% of the total residues, respectively. Degradation products accounted for 88% of the total chlorothalonil residues in soil at fruit harvest. The products 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene, 1-carbamoyl-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichlorobenzene, 2,5,6-trichloro-4-methylthioisophthalonitrile, and 2,4,5-trichloroisophthalonitrile have not been previously identified in cranberry bog environments. Chlorpyrifos was detected in fruit at harvest (62 d post-chlorpyrifos application), but no metabolites were found. Chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, however, were detected in earlier fruit samples and in foliage and soil samples. 相似文献