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1.
Summary To assess the possibilities offered by isozymes to locate resistance genes against barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), the isozyme patterns of 19 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes carrying genes different from ym4 were determined. Of the 15 isozyme systems tested, only three were polymorphic, namely aconitate hydratase, esterase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, providing markers on four of the seven barley chromosomes. Studies of F2 progenies derived from three crosses between resistant genotypes and susceptible varieties failed to reveal linkage between resistance genes and isozymes. Another goal of the experiment was to study the linkage relationships between ym4 and the esterase locus (Est1-Est2-Est4). Our estimates of the recombination rate between these two loci (3.41 and 8.32%) were in the range of those reported between these esterases and one of the resistance genes of the Chinese variety Mokusekko 3. 相似文献
2.
Deepak Rajpurohit Rahul Kumar Mankesh Kumar Priyanka Paul Anjali Awasthi P. Osman Basha Anju Puri Tripta Jhang Kuldeep Singh Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal 《Euphytica》2011,178(1):111-126
A traditional Type 3 Basmati rice cultivar grown in India is tall and lodges even under low nitrogen fertilizer dose. In addition
to lodging, it is highly susceptible to several diseases and pests including bacterial blight (BB). BB resistance genes (Xa21 and xa13) and a semidwarfing gene (sd-1) were pyramided in Type 3 Basmati from a rice cultivar PR106-P2 using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Foreground selection
for BB resistance genes, Xa21 and xa13 and reduced plant height gene, sd-1 was carried on the basis of linked molecular markers pTA248, RG136 and ‘h’, respectively. The BC2F3 progenies with both the BB resistance genes were highly resistant with lower lesion length than either of the genes individually.
Background profiling of the selected 16 BC2F3 progenies was done using 95 anchored SSR and 12 ISSR markers. Among the selected 16 BC2F3 progenies, 38-5-2 and 38-5-36 closely clustered along with the recipient parent Type 3 Basmati showing above 85% genetic
similarity with the same. Further selection was continued till F5 generation for higher recovery for Type 3 Basmati characteristics. The desirable alleles of intermediate amylose content
(wx) and aroma (fgr) loci of Type 3 Basmati were also tracked using the linked SSR markers. The BC2F5 pyramid lines T3-4, T3-5, T3-6 and T3-7 homozygous for the three target genes Xa21, xa13 and sd-1 from the donor parent with wx and fgr alleles of Type 3 Basmati had excellent cooking quality and strong aroma. 相似文献
3.
Summary The segregation of 12 heterozygous isozyme markers was analyzed among F2 plants and 51 anther culture (AC)-derived lines obtained from the japonica × indica cross of rice, IRAT 177 × Apura. All the lines except two were homozygous products of recombination of the two parental phenotypes. Doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from plants regenerated from the same callus were identical, confirming previously obtained results in rice. Surprisingly, some lines derived from different calli were also identical, suggesting a phenomenon of early callus fragmentation. All these observations at the isozyme level were confirmed by field evaluation. Deviations of segregations from the expected 1 : 1 ratio were observed at 4 loci among the DH lines. Among these, two were also noted among the F2 plants. The two other distortions, both in favor of the japonica allele, were observed specifically in the AC-derived materials.Although this concerns a small proportion of the genes under study, it suggests that the embryogenic microsporal population does not represent a random gametic array. On the other hand, evaluation of recombination between isozyme genes located on chromosome 6 appears consistent with F2 data and data previously recorded on the other japonica × indica crosses. The potential use of isozymes in breeding doubled haploids derived from remote crosses in rice is discussed.Abbreviations MCPA =
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA =
indolacetic acid
- AC plant or line =
anther culture-derived plant or line
- DH line =
doubled haploid line 相似文献
4.
Summary Four Indica and one Japonica (Tainung 67) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties had an esterase band (tentatively designated as E1), and also had higher photosynthetic ability than other five Japonica varieties without E1 band. The F1 plants of Tainung 67 × Mineyutaka (low photosynthetic ability, no E1 band) showed E1 band and a low photosynthetic ability. Of 34 F2 plants, 28 had E1 band, but 6 had no E1 band of which 5 plants showed a low photosynthetic ability. These results suggest that an esterase gene and one of the photosynthesis gene are linked, and the gene for low photosynthetic ability is dominant.Among 42 new Japonica strains and 2 control varieties bred in Taiwan, most genotypes with E1 band showed higher grain yield potential (grain field/growth days) in local test.Esterase band may be used as a marker for high photosynthesis and grain yield ability in breeding. 相似文献
5.
Summary Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to study esterase, acid phosphatase, and peroxidase isozyme patterns in the primary leaves, stems, and roots of 13 species within the genus Phaseolus (P. acutifolius, P. adenanthus, P. angularis, P. atropurpureus, P. aureus, P. bracteatus, P. calcaratus, P. lathyroides, P. mungo, P. ricciardianus, domestic P. vulgaris, and wild P. coccineus and P. vulgaris). Most species showed unique banding patterns in each isozyme system. However, a close similarity in banding patterns was observed for the domestic P. vulgaris, wild P. vulgaris, and wild P. coccineus indicating close genetic relationships, possibly through species introgression or common descent.Great differences in isozyme patterns were found for different tissues from the same species in all systems indicating the high tissue specificity of isozymes. Upon compilation of bands from all the species, a very large number of isozymes were obtained in each system or tissue, making the electrophoretic isozyme technique of high potential in studies of isozyme variants in this genus. 相似文献
6.
Self‐incompatibility in Brassicaceae plants is sporophytically controlled by a single multi‐allelic locus (S locus), which contains at least three highly polymorphic genes expressed in the stigma (SLG and SRK) and in the pollen (SCR/SP11). Using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis with SXG‐specific primer pairs, the S haplotypes of F1 hybrid and open‐pollinated commercial cultivars of Brassica rapa were identified. The number of S haplotypes detected in the F1 hybrid cultivars of Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, pak‐choi, turnip, open‐pollinated cultivars of Chinese cabbage and turnip were 9, 9, 4, 11, 13 and 12, respectively. Nine of them had different PCR‐RFLP profiles from those of the S‐tester lines that determined the SLG sequences. Four SLG sequences in the F1 hybrid cultivars were determined and named S53, S54, S55 and S56, respectively. It is demonstrated that the PCR‐RFLP analysis using specific primer pairs of SLG and SRK is useful for identification of the S haplotypes, in both, S homozygous and S heterozygous plants of B. rapa. The possibility of using this method routinely in breeding programmes, and in the evaluation of F1 hybrid seed purity, is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Summary Plants of the salt-sensitiveL. esculentum, the halophytic wild speciesL. pennellii, their F1 hybrids and the interspecific F2 generation were grown in Hoagland's liquid culture containing 100 mM NaCl and 6 mM K+. Analysis of the Na+, Cl- and K+ ions contents of the leaves showed, as observed also in previous studies, that the cultivated parent accumlated more K+ and less Na+ than the wild parent. A total of 117 F2 plants were assayed for 15 electrophoretically detectable isozyme markers which map to nine of the twelve tomato chromosomes. Four loci, all with a similar quantitative effect on Na+ and Cl- uptake, were identified by virtue of their linkage to isozyme markers. Two other loci were found to affect K+ uptake. This study demonstrates the potential value of using genetic markers in order to gain a better understanding of the genetic basis of quantitative traits associated with the response of plants to salinity stress. 相似文献
8.
Summary Wide compatible varieties (WCVs) show normal spikelet fertility in crosses with Indica and Japonica rice varieties. Crosses of Indica and Japonica varieties frequently show high spikelet sterility which prevents exploitation of heterosis for grain yield. We screened 41 rice varieties for the wide compatibility trait by crossing each with three Indica and three Japonica testers. Varieties giving fertile F1 hybrids with both groups of testers were classified as WCVs. Seven varieties viz., BPI-76 (Indica); N 22; Lambayeque-1 and Dular (Aus); Moroberekan, Palawan and Fossa HV (Japonicas), were identified as WCVs. The frequency of WCVs was higher among Aus and Japonicas. The wide compatibility trait in varieties: Dular and Moroberekan was controlled by a single dominant gene linked with the Est-2 and Amp-3 loci (mean recombination 32.0%). Est-2 and Amp-3 showed complete linkage. Pgi-2 was found to be linked with Est-2 and Amp-3 (mean recombination 16.1%). Est-2 and Amp-3, showed a tighter linkage with C
+ (mean recombination 4.1%). Pgi-2 showed a lower linkage with C
+ (mean recombination 17.3%). The recombination values between the WC gene in Dular and C
+ was much higher than those reported in Japan for the WC gene (S5
n) from Ketan Nangka. It is possible that the WC gene from Dular is different from that in Ketan Nangka. Linkage intensities with the WC gene were not strong enough to be of use for indirect selection for the wide compatibility trait. A search for a more closely linked isozyme or DNA marker was proposed. 相似文献
9.
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit production in U.S. can be improved through the introgression of early fruit maturity (FM) and the enhancement of
fruit color [i.e., quantity of β-carotene (QβC); orange mesocarp]. However, the genetics of FM and QβC have not been clearly
defined in U.S. Western Shipping market class melons (USWS). Thus, a cross was made between the monoecious, early FM Chinese
line ‘Q 3-2-2’ (non-carotene accumulating, white mesocarp) and the andromonecious, comparatively late FM USWS line ‘Top Mark’
(carotene accumulating; orange mesocarp) to determine the inheritance of FM and QβC in melon. Parents and derived cross-progenies
(F1, F2, F3, BC1P1, and BC1P2) were evaluated for FM and QβC at Hancock, Wisconsin over 2 years. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h
N2) for QβC and FM as defined by F1, F2, and BC (by individuals) were 0.55 and 0.62, respectively, while estimates based on F3 families were 0.68 and 0.57, respectively for these traits. Mesocarp color segregation (F2 and BC1P2) fit a two gene recessive epistatic model, which in turn, interacts with other minor genes. Although the inheritance of QβC
and FM is complex, introgression (e.g., by backcrossing) of early FM genes resident in Chinese germplasm into USWS market
types is possible. Such introgression may lead to increased yield potential in USWS market types while retaining relatively
high β-carotene fruit content (i.e., orange mesocarp), if stringent, multiple location and early generation family selection
(F3–4) is practiced for FM with concomitant selection for QβC. 相似文献
10.
The F
1 and F
2 generations of a twenty parent fractional diallel cross of opium poppy (P. somniferum L.) were analyzed for combining ability for ten quantitative and five quality (alkaloids) traits. The results indicated significant
differences among the parents for combining ability for all the traits. The GCA and SCA components of variances were significant
for all the characters. However, the SCA component of variance (δ
2s) was predominant indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene effect for all the traits except for leaves/plant and
papaverine in F1 hybrids. The average degree of dominance (δ
2s/δ
2g) was more than unity indicating over dominance and also confirming non-additive mode of gene action. Among the parents IS-16,
IS-13 and NBRI-1 for early flowering, BR226 and BR241 for branches/plant, capsule weight/plant, seed yield/plant and husk
yield/plant, BR227 for leaves/plant, UO1285 for capsule size and opium yield/plant, NBRI-5 for husk yield/plant, morphine,
codeine, and thebaine and ‘Papline’ for plant height and papaverine content were found good general combiners. Parent ND1001
was good combiner for codeine and narcotine content. Inclusion of good general combiners in a multiple crossing program or
an intermating population involving all the possible crosses among them subjected to bi-parental mating may be expected to
offer maximum promise in breeding for higher opium, seed yield and alkaloid contents. 相似文献
11.
高密度种植条件下去叶对不同株型夏玉米群体及单叶光合性能的调控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
当前玉米产量的提高部分归因于种植密度的增加,但过高的种植密度使冠层中下部叶片光照条件变差,致使单株生长速率降低。因此,如何缓解该条件下群体光合与单株光合性能的矛盾成为当前玉米高产栽培中急需解决的问题。为此,在种植密度为105 000株hm–2的大田试验条件下,研究了紧凑型玉米品种郑单958及半紧凑型玉米品种金海5号的群体光合速率(CAP)、叶面积指数(LAI)、穗位叶净光合速率(Pn)及抗氧化酶活性等对不同程度去叶的响应,以期为高密度栽培条件下稳定或提高单株生产力探讨新的技术途径,同时也为耐密高产品种选育提供借鉴。开花后3 d分别2个品种做不同程度去叶处理,包括去除植株顶部2片叶(S1)、4片叶(S2)、6片叶(S3),以不去叶植株为对照(S0)。结果表明,去叶可显著改善玉米生育后期群体透光率(LT),然而S2和S3处理显著降低了LAI,增加了生育后期的漏光损失,不利于光能利用率的提高,致使其实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)较低;去除植株顶部两片叶(S1)可显著提高籽粒灌浆期间CAP并延长LAI高值持续期,形成较高的籽粒产量,而过度去叶(S2和S3)则显著降低产量;花后52 d,郑单958 S1处理CAP较对照升高12.49%,而金海5号则升高23.08%;随去叶程度的增强,花后0~26 d内各去叶处理穗位叶Pn、气孔导度(gs)和叶绿素含量明显升高,均显著高于S0,但之后S1处理表现出较优的单叶光合特性。S1处理穗位叶自花后13 d起保持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及较低的丙二醛(MDA)含量。可见,高密度种植条件下,去除植株顶部2片叶可有效调控两株型玉米生育后期群体光合速率、穗位叶光合特性及活性氧清除能力,能较好地协调高密度群体与个体的关系,获得较高的籽粒产量,且对半紧凑型品种金海5号调控效果更明显。 相似文献
12.
Summary Cross-incompatibility between cultivated peanuts and their wild relatives outside the section Arachis has impeded the utilization of many species possessing high resistances or good qualities. Despite the great efforts made to culture immature ovules or embryos, few hybrid offspring have been obtained. In this study, gynophores from Arachis hypogaea L. pollinated with A. glabrata Benth. were cultured and F1 hybrids seeds were harvested, and F2 and F3 generations produced. The characters of F2 generation exhibited a wide range of segregation. Leaf peroxidase isozyme PAGE analysis revealed that the hybrids were quite different from their parents in relation to band number, width and isozyme activity. The zymograms of the hybrids and their parents were partially alike. This verified the authenticity of the hybrids. 相似文献
13.
Summary With the increasing rate of new cultivar production for different crop plants, there is great need for methods of identifying each cultivar discriminatingly. Starch gel electrophoresis was employed to study the differences between the esterase and cathodal peroxidase isozyme patterns of 40 broad bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars. A total of 10 and 17 medium to darkly stained bands were obtained for esterase and peroxidase systems, respectively. Bands from each enzyme system could be gropuped into three zones. Bands belonging to zone 1 of esterase (E1) and zones 2 and 3 of peroxidase (P2 and P3) were quite distinct, stained intensely, and were especially useful for identification purposes.The differences in banding patterns among cultivars of the same origin were as great as those of cultivars of unrelated origin. A large proportion of the cultivars could be completely differentiated using both of the isozyme systems. There were no bands present in either enzyme system which were common to all cultivars. 相似文献
14.
Multiplex PCR genotyping for five bacterial blight resistance genes applied to marker‐assisted selection in rice (Oryza sativa) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bacterial blight (BB) is the most economically damaging disease of rice in Asia and other parts of the world. In this study, a multiplex PCR genotyping method was developed to simultaneously identify genotypes of five BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21. The resistance R alleles were amplified using five functional markers (FMs) to generate amplicons of 217, 103, 179, 381 and 595 bp in IRBB66. Amplicons of 198, 107, 87, 391 and 467 bp corresponded to susceptible alleles in Taiwanese japonica rice cultivars. In backcross breeding programmes, the multiplex PCR assay was integrated into selection from a population using BB resistance donor IRBB66 crossed to rice cultivar ‘Tainung82’. Two plants with homozygosity for Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21 were selected from 1100 BC2F2 plants. In addition, the five BB resistance genes were also accurately identified in F2 populations. This multiplex PCR method provides a rapid and efficient method for detecting various BB resistance genes, which will assist in pyramiding genes to improve durability of BB resistance in Taiwanese elite rice cultivars. 相似文献
15.
Time to flowering and maturity is an important adaptive feature in annual crops, including cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). In West and Central Africa, photoperiod is the most important environmental variable affecting time to flowering in cowpea. The inheritance of time from sowing to flowering (f) in cowpeas was studied by crossing a photoperiod-sensitive genotype Kanannnado to a photoperiod-insensitive variety IT97D-941-1. Sufficient seed of F1, F2, F3 and backcross populations were generated. The parental, F1, F2, F3 and the backcross populations were screened for f under long natural days (mean daylength 13.4 h per day) in the field and the parents, F1, F2 and backcross populations under short day (10 h per day) conditions. The result of the screening showed that photoperiod in the field was long enough to delay flowering of photoperiod-sensitive genotypes. Photoperiod-sensitivity was found to be partially dominant to insensitivity. Frequency distribution of the trait in the various populations indicated quantitative inheritance. Additive (d) and additive × dominance (j) interactions were the most important gene actions conditioning time to flowering. A narrow sense heritability of 86% was estimated for this trait. This will result in 26 days gain in time to flowering with 5% selection intensity from the F2 to F3 generation. At least seven major gene pairs, with an average delay of 6 days each, were estimated to control time to flowering in this cross. 相似文献
16.
Summary Hybrids were obtained from Ipomoea interspecific crosses through ovule culture. The hybridity of the progeny obtained from I. triloba × IitI. trifida and (I. triloba × I. lacunosa) × I. batatas (4x) crosses was established by comparisons of floral morphology and analyses of peroxidase and esterase isozymes. The hybrids displayed the inflorescence type and sepal shape and texture of their male parents, while corolla size and anther and nectary color tended to be intermediate to their parents. The isozyme banding patterns of the hybrids contained bands present in the patterns of each of their parents. Pollen grain viability, measured by aceto-carmine stainability, was 44.1%, 92.3% and 82.4%, respectively, for the I. triloba × I. trifida hybrid and the (I. triloba × I. lacunosa) × I. batatas (4x) hybrids, H1 and H2. A controlled pollination study revealed that the I. triloba × I. trifida, and the (I. triloba × I. lacunosa) × I. batatas (4x) hybrids, H1 and H2 were partially self fertile with 6%, 70% and 13%, respectively, of the pollinated flowers producing viable seed. Success in backcrossing and sib-mating varied with the cross combination. 相似文献
17.
Association of isozyme genotypes with agronomic and seed composition traits in soybean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Two crosses between Glycine max (L.) Merr. and G. soja Sieb. & Zucc. parents were used to study the association between isozyme marker loci and agronomic and seed composition traits in soybean. The parents possessed different alleles at six isozyme loci for Cross 1 (A80-244036 × PI 326581) and at eight isozyme loci for Cross 2 (A81-157007 × PI 342618A). A total of 480 BC2F4:6 lines from the two crosses was evaluated for 13 traits in two environments. Lines were grouped in locus classes from 0 to 5 according to the number of loci homozygous for the G. soja alleles that they possessed. Within each locus class, each isozyme genotype was represented by five random lines.Selection for G. max alleles at the isozyme loci was not effective in recovering the recurrent parent phenotype in either cross. In cross 1, however, BC2F4-derived lines in the 0- or 1- locus class more closely resembled the G. max parent than lines in the 4- or 5- locus classes for most of the agronomic and seed composition traits evaluated. Significant associations were found between particular isozyme genotypes and every trait analyzed. The estimated effect of genes linked to the Pgm1 locus was a delay in maturity of 6.0±3.4 days. In cross 1, the Idh2 locus was associated with a significant effect on linolenic acid content. The percentage of variation accounted for by the models of estimation varied according to the heritability of the trait. The R2 was high (up to 78%) for maturity, lodging, and vining, and low (up to 21%) for seed yield. Most of the variation was associated with the BC2F1 family from which the lines were derived. There was little evidence that digenic epistasis was an important source of variation.Journal Paper No. J-13505 of the Iowa Agric. Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, IA, Project 2475. 相似文献
18.
The present study evaluated the individual plants reaction of F2 hybrid generation of C. annuum: ATZ1 × PO and ATZ1 × CDT as well as two interspecific hybrids: C. frutescens × C. annuum ATM1 and C. frutescens × C. chinense on androgenesis conditions in in vitro anther cultures. The experiment was carried out following a modified method of Dumas
de Vaulx et al. (Agronomie 1:859–864, 1981). There were demonstrated clear differences in the effectiveness of androgenesis
both between the pepper hybrid forms as well as among individual plants of all the genotypes tested. The highest effectiveness
of androgenic embryos development was observed for the cultivated form of C. annuum: (ATZ1 × PO)F2. Anthers of most of the plants of this hybrid produced embryos at the level higher than 5%, while in anther cultures of the
second C. annuum hybrid (ATZ1 × CDT)F2 almost 3-fold fewer embryos and plants were produced. Anthers isolated from flower buds of interspecific hybrids formed much
lower number of embryos. A positive reaction was recorded for five hybrid plants of (C. frutescens × C. annuum ATM1)F2, while in case of (C. frutescens × C. chinense)F2 androgenic embryos were obtained from anthers of two plants. Only in the case of a one of these plants did the effectiveness
of androgenesis exceed 5%. The ploidy level of the regenerants was determined by flow cytometry. Among the regenerants there
were observed both haploid forms and the plants with the diploid number of chromosomes. 相似文献
19.
Summary A comparative electrophoretic study of esterase and peroxidase isozymes from the leaves of Brassicoraphanus and its parental species (Brassica japonica and Raphanus sativus) was carried out by means of the polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing technique. The isozyme bands of Brassicoraphanus could be regarded as a summation of parent-derived bands, some of which were missing, in addition to some new bands. The qualitative and quantitative variation of isozyme patterns among individual plants was found within each strain of Brassicoraphanus as well as each parental species. The range of the enzymatic variation of a certain strain seemed to reflect the genetic homogeneity of the strain in question. Every strain of Brassicoraphanus was less variable in esterase patterns than the parental species, but in peroxidase patterns the variations of Brassicoraphanus were intermediate between those of both parents. Some strains of Brassicoraphanus were uniform in isozyme patterns, whereas others were variable. The difference in enzymatic variation among strains was perhaps due to the difference in the source of the strains and the selection which they received. 相似文献
20.
The nutritional value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) can be improved by the introgression of β-carotene (i.e., provitamin A and/or orange flesh) genes from “Xishuangbanna
gourd” (XIS; Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan) into US pickling cucumber. However, the genetics of β-carotene content has not been clearly defined in this US
market type. Thus, three previous populations derived from a US pickling cucumber (‘Addis’) × XIS mating were evaluated for
β-carotene content, from which the high β-carotene inbred line (S4), ‘EOM 402-10’, was developed. A cross was then made between the US pickling cucumber inbred line ‘Gy7’ [gynoecious, no β-carotene,
white flesh; P1] and ‘EOM 402-10’ [monoecious, possessing β-carotene, orange flesh; P2] to determine the inheritance of β-carotene in fruit mesocarp and endocarp tissue. Parents and derived cross-progenies (F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2) were evaluated for β-carotene content in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin. While F1 and BC1P1 progeny produced mature fruits possessing white, light-green, and green (0.01–0.02 μg g−1 β-carotene) mesocarp, the F2 and BC1P2 progeny mesocarp segregated in various hues of white, green, yellow (0.01–0.34 μg g−1 β-carotene), and orange (1.90–2.72 μg g−1 β-carotene). Mesocarp and endocarp F2 segregation adequately fit a 15:1 [low-β-carotene (0.01–0.34 μg g−1): high-β-carotene (1.90–2.72 μg g−1)] and 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively. Likewise, segregation of carotene concentration in mesocarp
and endocarp tissues in BC1P2 progeny adequately fit a 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) and 1:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively.
Progeny segregations indicate that two recessive genes control the β-carotene content in the mesocarp, while one recessive
gene controls β-carotene content in the endocarp. Single marker analysis of F2 progeny using the carotenoid biosynthesis gene Phytoene synthase determined that there was no association between this gene and the observed β-carotene variation in either fruit mesocarp
or endocarp. 相似文献