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Background
Gastric ulceration is highly prevalent in horses, and there is a large commercial market for feed-additives and non-licenced products that claim effect for prevention and treatment of gastric ulceration. ImproWin® has been used as a feed additive in horses with anecdotal evidence that it may have some positive effects on gastric ulceration.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ImproWin® treatment on spontaneously occurring gastric ulcers of the squamous mucosa in Standardbred and Coldblooded trotting racehorses.The study was performed as a randomised, double-blinded, single centre study with stratified semi cross-over design with breed as stratification factors. The horses were clinically and endoscopically examined prior to start and after three weeks of treatment. The ulcerations were scored in accordance with Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (EGUC) recommendations on a 5 point scale and on a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The patients were responder-classified after 3 weeks. Responders in need of ulcer treatment were randomly allocated to 2 or 4 weeks of additional treatment. Non-responders to placebo were crossed to ImproWin®.Results
The 5-point EGUC score and VAS recorded score was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.01) in both groups after 3 weeks of treatment. From 3 weeks to the end of treatment the score was further significantly reduced in the ImproWin® group (P ≤ 0.05).At the end of treatment, 78% in the ImproWin® group and 54.8% in the placebo group were classified as responders. The difference was significant (P = 0.04).Conclusions
ImproWin® may aid the healing process of ulcers of the gastric squamous mucosa of trotters. 相似文献3.
Even though occidental food production and control systems guarantee a reasonable level of safety for consumers, western countries are facing a growing phenomenon of immigration from all over the world. With this enrichment and the shuffling of cultures and customs in the same places, even alimentary habits undergo an unavoidable evolution, also influencing the commercial trends of society. The growing demand for ethnic products, often of uncertain provenance, composition and manufacturing, has motivated the appearance of illegal trade and markets or improper local productions besides the legal ones, implying a rise in hygienic risks for the consumers. These underground realities, together with the unfilled gap that still exists between different cultures and customs cause significant difficulties in carrying out efficient controls to guarantee sanitary safety for consumers. For this reason, the risks associated with this increasing globalization must be faced with proper information and a decisive formative strategy must be divided, in order to allow the operator of the whole system and control employees to be acquainted about different raw materials, manufacturing systems, alimentary habits, languages for communication and commercial dynamics which stand beyond the new alimentary trends. 相似文献
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1. Embryos of the domestic fowl have been partially sterilised by injecting the drug busulphan into 24‐h incubated eggs.
2. Some of these embryos were injected with primordial germ cells (PGCs) after 55 h of incubation to attempt to repopulate the gonads.
3. Primordial germ cells transfected with a defective retrovirus containing the reporter gene lac Z were shown to settle in these sterilised gonads.
4. Quantitative histology of 6‐d embryos showed that busulphan produced 75% sterilisation but that PGCs could repopulate these gonads.
5. The technique of producing such germ line chimaeras is of value in studying cell kinetics, gonad differentiation and the production of transgenics. 相似文献
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Mulumba M Speybroeck N Billiouw M Berkvens DL Geysen DM Brandt JR 《Tropical animal health and production》2000,32(5):303-314
The incidence of first contact with the protozoan Theileria parva was determined in three traditional cattle herds in the Southern Province of Zambia in 1995 and 1996. The majority of first contacts occurred during the dry season in June, July and August, at a time of nymphal activity and in the absence of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults, indicating that larva to nymph transmission plays a more prominent role than nymph to adult transmission under the prevailing conditions. 相似文献
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Mulumba M Speybroeck N Berkvens DL Geysen DM Brandt JR 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(2):117-125
The incidence of first contact with the protozoan Theileria parva was determined in two traditional cattle herds in the Southern Province of Zambia during a period of average rainfall in 1997 and 1998, following a drought in the previous two years. Compared to that period, there was a marked increase in the number of rainy season first contacts attributable to transmission by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults. However, there were still more dry season contacts that resulted from nymphal transmission. These results highlight the important role that climate plays in the transmission of theileriosis in the Southern Province of Zambia. 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(3):156-163
Abstract Prebiotics recently have been shown to increase immune responses and disease resistance in certain fish species; therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the commercially available dairy–yeast prebiotic, GroBiotic-A, for use with juvenile goldfish Carassius auratus. The study consisted of two 10-week feeding trials in which juvenile goldfish were fed practical diets that were either unsupplemented or supplemented with the dairy–yeast prebiotic at 2% by dry weight. Juvenile fish were sorted by size and stocked into 12 units within each of two culture systems: one indoor system supplied with recirculated well water and one system located outdoors with a continuous flow of pond water to provide a source of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Both diets were fed to fish in six units within each system at the same fixed percentage of body weight twice daily. Culture system (i.e., presence or absence of phytoplankton and zooplankton) was the primary factor influencing (P < 0.0001) percent weight gain, feed efficiency, and survival of goldfish during the feeding trials. No dietary effect was detected, although there was a significant (P < 0.05) interaction between culture system and diet, with supplementation of the dairy–yeast prebiotic tending to improve weight gain and feed efficiency of fish in the presence of phytoplankton/zooplankton. During a controlled disease challenge with an intraperitoneally administered dose of Aeromonas hydrophila that was equivalent to a predetermined LD50 (dose lethal to 50% of test fish), average survival values ranged between 67% and 83% for fish that previously had access to phytoplankton/zooplankton compared with 17–33% for fish that had no access to phytoplankton/zooplankton. The dairy–yeast prebiotic, however, did not enhance resistance of goldfish to the bacterial pathogen and did not greatly alter microbiota of the anterior or posterior gastrointestinal tract based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. In conclusion, the dairy–yeast prebiotic did not improve feed efficiency in goldfish or resistance to a bacterial pathogen as previously observed in golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas and hybrid bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass M. saxatilis). 相似文献
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1. Using a modification of the method of New (1955) explanted blastoderms of the Japanese quail were cultured for up to 72 h, and the role of ions in the formation of sub‐embryonic fluid (SEF) investigated.
2. Culture media deficient in either sodium or chloride ions reduced the volume of SEF secreted by up to a quarter. Ionic composition of the fluid was little altered, and sodium was transported against a concentration gradient.
3. Amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, reduced SEF production by half, whereas ionic composition and osmolality of the fluid was unchanged.
4. Likewise, acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, reduced SEF production by the blastoderm, and left the ionic composition and osmolality of the fluid unaltered.
5. Neither furosemide or 4,4´‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2´‐disulfonic acid at the concentrations used changed the volume of SEF formed or its ionic composition.
6. It is concluded that the secretion of SEF is dependent upon the active transport of sodium across the blastoderm; an amiloride‐sensitive Na+/H+ exchanger and carbon dioxide hydration catalysed by carbonic anhydrase are also involved.
7. Furthermore, it is proposed that fluid transport across the blastoderm is the result of local osmotic gradients, not from a sub‐embryonic fluid hyperosmotic to albumen, as has been suggested previously. 相似文献
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A. Mackay B.Sc. M.R.C.V.S. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):129-135
Extract At the request of the New Zealand Racing and Trotting Conferences the writer has carried out tests on racehorses using some of the drugs found in positive samples by the analyst. Most of these tests were carried out in close co-operation with the analysts to the two Conferences and were undertaken because reliable data on the excretion patterns and effects of the various drugs could not be obtained. It is often important to know how and when the particular drug was administered, and these tests have proved a valuable guide. Some of their results have been surprising and it is hoped that the findings will be of general interest since any veterinary surgeon might find himself involved in an inquiry and it is important that he should be as sure as possible of all relevant factors before entering the witness box. It is easy to make sweeping statements at an inquiry but whoever makes them must surely be prepared to verify them. Any of these doping cases, however simple their early stages may appear, might proceed to the Supreme Court where rash statements could be legally challenged. In the writer's dealings with the New Zealand Racing and Trotting Conference he has found them to be scrupulously fair and only interested in finding out the truth. Their aim is to keep racing clean; we, as veterinary surgeons, should share that aim. 相似文献
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Van den Bulck K Baele M Hermans K Ducatelle R Haesebrouck F Decostere A 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(4):271-279
Gastric Helicobacter spp. have been described in a wide range of animal species, including dogs, cats, primates, swine, cattle and rodents. However, in lagomorphs--more specifically rabbits--gastric Helicobacter infections have never been reported. Biopsy specimens were collected from different stomach regions of 23 rabbits, including 10 pet rabbits, 10 industrial animals and 3 research animals. These were subjected to a PCR assay for the detection of Helicobacter DNA. Identification up to the species level was based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis and a recently developed multiplex PCR. Seven rabbits (four pet, one research animal and two industrial animals) tested positive in the Helicobacter genus-specific PCR in the stomach, with the corpus being predominantly positive. H. felis and H. salomonis, hitherto presumed to be naturally hosted by cats and dogs, were detected in three animals and one animal, respectively. One of these animals had been completely devoid of any form of contact with cats or dogs. A H. pullorum/H. rappini-like organism (96% 16S rDNA sequence similarity) was found in an industrially held rabbit. The helicobacters of the two remaining rabbits could not be identified up to the species level. To conclude, this is the first report on the occurrence of Helicobacter spp. in the stomach of rabbits. In view of the fact that H. felis and H. salomonis are put forward as having zoonotic potential, further research is necessary to investigate the implications of these findings not only for the rabbit but also for human health. 相似文献
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Disorders of the horizontal ramus (body) of the equine mandible are well reported, but there is minimal documentation of disorders of the angle of mandible. A retrospective examination of the records of Edinburgh University Equine Hospital (1997–2011) showed that 32 horses were referred due to swellings of the angle of the mandible. The aetiology of these swellings was identified in just 13/32 cases (41%) including fractures (n = 2), traumatic, localised periosteal/cortical lesions (n = 4), traumatic soft tissue lesions (n = 2), neoplasia (n = 3), and inflammation of the adjacent salivary gland (n = 1) and masseter muscle (n = 1).The remaining 19 (59%) cases without a definitive diagnosis showed two patterns of lesions. Twelve cases had localised periosteal/cortical lesions of the ventral aspect of the angle of mandible that were most likely traumatic in origin. The remaining seven undiagnosed cases without mandibular bony changes all had sinus tracts/chronic soft tissue infections on the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible which were believed to be caused by a draining retro-pharyngeal lesion in five cases. Surgical excision of abnormal soft tissues (if present) and bone curettage was the most successful treatment.It was concluded that the aetiology of swellings of the angle of the equine mandible are often obscure; most appear to be traumatic in origin, yet horses seldom develop gross fractures at this site due to the support of the dense surrounding musculo-tendinous structures. A smaller proportion are caused by draining retropharyngeal lesions that respond poorly to medical therapy, but respond well to surgical treatment. 相似文献
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Scholtz AJ Cloete SW du Toit E van Wyk JB van der Linde TC 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2011,82(2):107-115
Blowfly strike and the methods used to combat blowfly strike were recorded on 33 properties in the R?ens area of South Africa during 2003/2004. Data were recorded on Merino and Dohne Merino hoggets (n = 4951) with at least 3 months' wool growth. The following data were captured: presence or absence of strike, site of the strike (body or breech), presence or absence of dermatophilosis as well as subjective scores for wool quality and wool colour. Control measures recorded include: chemical treatment (preventative and spot treatment), crutching, mulesing and the use of the Lucitrap system. Blowfly strike was not significantly influenced by gender or breed. Hoggets suffering from dermatophilosis were more likely to be struck, compared with contemporaries not suffering from the skin disorder (0.057 vs 0.027; P < 0.05). Merino hoggets generally had higher scores than their Dohne Merino contemporaries for wool quality (32.6 vs 27.4; P < 0.05) and wool colour (29.0 vs 27.2; P < 0.05). There was an indication that the Lucitrap system may have reduced flystrike, but the effect was not statistically significant (P = 0.19 for overall strikes and P = 0.12 for body strike). The Mules operation benefited overall flystrike (0.013 vs 0.110; P < 0.05); mainly through an effect on breech strike (0.010 vs 0.109; P < 0.05). The proportion of fly strikes increased with wool length, and declined with an increase in farm size in wool colour score. None of the ethically acceptable control measures assessed could substantially reduce blowfly strike on their own, and an integrated pest management programme was proposed. 相似文献
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Tim Waelbers Kathelijne Peremans Simon Vermeire André Dobbeleir Vincent Boer Hendrik de Leeuw Maarten Vente Koen Piron Myriam Hesta Ingeborgh Polis 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(6):444-449
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used to study the regional distribution of the cerebral blood flow in the feline brain without interference of anesthetics. When the tracer, 99mtechnetium-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD), is injected in the awake animal, the acquisition can be performed afterward under general anesthesia, whereas the tracer distribution still represents the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the awake animal. The aim of this study was to look at the in vivo stability of 99mTc-ECD in the feline brain. For this purpose, 6 cats (n = 6) were used, and 3 serial acquisitions were performed starting at 40 (T40), 60 (T60), and 85 (T85) minutes after tracer injection. Total counts and perfusion indices (PIs), normalized to the total brain and to the cerebellum, were calculated. When T85 was compared with T40, total counts decreased, depending on the brain region, with 29% (left thalamus) to 51% (bulbus olfactorius). These regional differences in tracer clearance resulted in significantly altered PIs at T85 as compared with T40. This study shows that 99mTc-ECD SPECT can be used in cats for studying the rCBF and that the clearance of 99mTc-ECD in the feline brain is region dependent. As a result, the acquisition should be started between 40 and 60 minutes after tracer injection. 相似文献
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Bekele T 《Tropical animal health and production》1999,31(6):333-345
New epidemics of respiratory disease have caused 29.6 morbidity and 6.4% mortality in camels in the Somalia region of Ethiopia. The major clinical signs observed were fever of 40–41.5°C, depression, cough, loss of appetite and a watery nasal discharge that became mucopurulent at a later stage. Finally, the camel became recumbent and extended its neck straight along the ground. Some of the animals died within 8–9 days. The major post-mortem lesions were hydrothorax, adhesion of the lung to the thorax, red and grey hepatization, emphysema, hydropericardium and fibrinous pericarditis. A treatment trial indicated that oxytetracycline was more effective than a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, the results showing a significant difference (p>0.05) between the treated and control groups. The bacteria isolated from lung, thoracic fluid and whole blood were Pasteurella haemolytica. Further studies on the epidemiology of this disease, the identification of the serotypes involved, and the demonstration of any primary viral initiating agent are recommended to allow the development of preventive methods. 相似文献
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Roxanne B. Pillars Daniel L. Grooms John B. Kaneene 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(10):1039-1046
The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in the environment of infected dairy farms over time. Johne’s disease (JD) prevalence was monitored annually in 7 Michigan dairy herds. Environmental samples were collected bi-annually and cultured for MAP. Of 731 environmental samples that were cultured, 81 (11%) were positive. The lactating cow floor and manure storage areas were the areas most commonly contaminated, representing 30% and 33% of positive samples, respectively. When herd prevalence was > 2%, MAP was cultured from the lactating cow floor and/or manure storage area 75% of the time. When herd prevalence was ≤ 2%, MAP was never cultured from samples collected. For every 1 unit increase in number of positive environmental samples, within herd JD prevalence increased 1.62%. Environmental contamination with MAP is consistent over time on infected dairy farms, and management practices to reduce environmental contamination are warranted. 相似文献
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Summary The experiments demonstrate that the acid‐base status of porcine blood does not change significantly during a six hours’ storage period at 0° C. They further show that the sampling of blood via a vena cava puncture in comparison with sampling via an indwelling ear vein catheter is associated with severe stress that affects the acid‐base statuts of the blood. 相似文献
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Giorgia della Rocca Juliana Tabarelli Brondani Flávia Augusta de Oliveira Martina Crociati Lakamy Sylla Agnes Elad Ngonput Alessandra Di Salvo Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1253-1261