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1.
以广西南宁市尧坡林场尾巨桉东门27号为研究对象,对木材纤维形态进行了研究。结果表明:尾巨桉东门27号的纤维长度平均值为857.2μm,纤维宽度平均值为12.5μm,纤维长宽比平均值为68.6,纤维双壁厚平均值为1.7μm,纤维壁腔比的平均值为0.2。尾巨桉东门27号的纤维长度、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚及壁腔比的径向变异总体规律相似,均随树龄增加逐渐增大,到一定年限达到最大值以后趋于稳定。 相似文献
2.
不同地区光皮桦木材纤维形态特征的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《林业科技》2017,(3)
对不同地区光皮桦的木材纤维形态特征进行测定分析,结果表明:6个地区中以庆元地区的光皮桦纤维特征最具优势,光皮桦木纤维长度1 884.38μm,宽度32.65μm,双壁厚13.16μm,壁腔比0.41,腔径比0.59,长宽比59.55;且不同地区光皮桦的木纤维长度、宽度、双壁厚、长宽比均存在明显差异,只有壁腔比和腔径比两项指标在不同地区间差异不大。 相似文献
3.
长江滩地杨木纤维形态特征及径向变异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对安庆段长江滩地I-72杨的纤维形态特征及径向变异模式进行了研究.结果表明:I-72杨的纤维长度平均值为1.30 mm,纤维宽度平均值为22.60 μm,纤维长宽比平均值为57.43,纤维双壁厚平均值为6.35 μm,纤维壁腔比的平均值为0.40.I-72杨的纤维长度、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚及壁腔比的径向变异规律相似,自髓心向外逐渐增加,到一定年限达到最大值以后趋于稳定.其中纤维长度、长宽比及双壁厚的径向变异均呈y=b0xb1分布,纤维宽度和壁腔比的变化幅度不大.安庆段长江滩地I-72杨的纤维长度、宽度和双壁厚均比前人研究的滩地杨木I-72、I-69及非滩地杨木I-69低. 相似文献
4.
红树植物白骨壤木材解剖特性及其变异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自广西北海禾沟红树林培育基地的白骨壤(Avicennia marina)木材进行解剖特性和变异研究.结果表明:白骨壤木纤维长度属"甚短级",宽度属于"一级",纤维分子长度、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、壁腔比、腔径比平均值分别为674.20 μm、15.30 μm、44.16、6.87 μm、0.85、0.55;导管分子长度和宽度分别属于"很短"和 "甚小"级别,导管分子长度、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、壁腔比平均值分别为174.02 μm、39.89 μm、4.63、4.05 μm、0.12;白骨壤木材的木纤维比量、木射线比量、导管比量、薄壁组织比量平均值分别为71%、7%、22%、1%.不同年轮间纤维和导管的分子长度、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、壁腔比具有不同程度的变异. 相似文献
5.
以9年生的西江桂(Cinnamomum cassia)和清化桂(Cinnamomum cassia var.macrophyll)人工林木材为研究对象,对其微观结构、木材纤维形态特征和组织比量进行测定分析。结果表明:西江桂木材的的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维腔径、双壁厚、长宽比、壁腔比、腔径比分别为894.00μm、24.63μm、16.67μm、7.97μm、36.30、0.48、0.68;清化桂木材的的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维腔径、双壁厚、长宽比、壁腔比、腔径比分别为953.67μm、22.37μm、14.40μm、7.97μm、42.65、0.55、0.64。西江桂的木材导管、轴向薄壁组织、木射线、木纤维比量分别为9%、13%、10%、68%;清化桂木材的导管、轴向薄壁组织、木射线、木纤维比量分别为10%、20%、10%、60%。西江桂和清化桂木材的微观构造极为相似;但木材纤维特征中纤维长度、腔径、长宽比、纤维宽度、轴向薄壁组织比量、木纤维比量差异均显著或极显著,其他特征没有显著差异。 相似文献
6.
为研究不同无性系桉树的木纤维特性和变异规律,采用木材解剖技术,测定9个尾叶桉×巨桉无性系的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维双壁厚、长宽比、壁腔比和腔径比等纤维特性指标,分析这些特征在径向上的变异规律。结果显示：9个无性系的纤维长度、宽度、双壁厚、长宽比、壁腔比和腔径比的变异范围分别为899.74～1 038.08μm, 17.41～20.77μm, 8.07～12.13μm, 44.15～60.07,0.96～2.04,0.41～0.57;综合分析各纤维指标,DH33-9、LEI9、DH32-22综合指标达到优质纸浆材原料的要求;其中无性系DH33-9还具有长宽比>35,壁腔比<1的特征,可作为优质的纤维原料。研究结果为桉树有针对性的培育以及木材的合理加工利用提供参考和依据。 相似文献
7.
《广西林业科学》2020,(2)
为探究不同树龄尾巨桉无性系(Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis)人工林木材纤维形态特征的差异,以广西国有维都林场5年生和7年生尾巨桉无性系人工林木材为研究对象,采用解析木取样方法,对两个树龄尾巨桉无性系木材的纤维长度、宽度、腔径和双壁厚进行测定,分析其木材纤维特性。结果表明,5年生和7年生尾巨桉无性系木材纤维的平均长度分别为956.71和958.36μm,平均宽度分别为20.26和20.65μm,平均腔径分别为13.29和13.08μm,平均双壁厚分别为6.97和7.57μm,平均长宽比分别为47.32和46.48,平均壁腔比分别为0.54和0.59。由树干根部至梢部,木材纤维长度呈先增大后减小的趋势,宽度呈逐渐减小的趋势,双壁厚表现为5年生缓慢增大、7年生上下波动;自髓心向树皮,纤维长度、宽度和双壁厚均呈逐渐增加的趋势。方差分析表明,5年生尾巨桉无性系木材不同年轮间纤维长度、宽度和双壁厚差异均极显著;不同树干高度间纤维腔径差异极显著,其余差异均不显著。7年生尾巨桉无性系木材不同年轮间纤维双壁厚差异不显著,其余均差异极显著;不同树干高度间纤维长度、宽度、腔径和双壁厚差异均不显著。 相似文献
8.
《竹子研究汇刊》2017,(1)
分析了2年生麻竹不同竹秆部位纤维长度及其频率分布、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、腔径、壁腔比的差异。揭示了其纤维形态特征随竹秆垂直部位的变化表现为:竹秆离地高度4.5 m处的纤维长度和纤维长宽比最大,纤维宽度和纤维壁厚在2.5 m处最大,纤维腔径、纤维壁腔比分别在6.5 m、0.5 m处最大。2年生麻竹材纤维形态特征随竹秆水平部位变化表现为:竹壁中层纤维长度最长,内层最短。竹壁外层纤维宽度、壁厚和壁腔比最大,内层最小。竹壁内层纤维长宽比最大,外层最小。竹壁内层纤维腔径最大,中层最小。纤维长度大部分集中分布在大于1.5 mm区间范围,占70%左右,属于长纤维类型。研究结果为麻竹材的定向培育和麻竹材的高效合理利用提供重要的依据。 相似文献
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11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献