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1.
辽宁省葡萄炭疽菌鉴定及对多菌灵敏感性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
葡萄炭疽病已成为辽宁省葡萄生产上的重要病害。经对辽宁省主要葡萄产区24个葡萄炭疽菌株进行病原菌鉴定和采用生长速率法测定了葡萄炭疽菌对多菌灵的敏感性后,结果表明：引起辽宁省不同地区葡萄炭疽病的病原均为胶孢炭疽菌［Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.］。该病菌对多菌灵的敏感性测定值EC50的范围是0.267 8~2.731 2 μg/mL,平均值1.144 9 μg/mL。根据计算出的供试菌株的抗性系数和敏感性频率分布图所示,大部分菌株的抗药性表现为中抗水平,仅有1个菌株抗性较高,而不同敏感性频率分布呈不规则的正态分布,存在敏感性下降的风险。 相似文献
2.
对2019年采集自云南省3个滇黄精产区的炭疽病菌进行形态学及ITS序列分子鉴定，并采用菌丝生长速率法，测定了40株黄精炭疽病菌对氟啶胺、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:从滇黄精炭疽病病叶上分离得到的40株炭疽病菌可能分别属于炭疽菌属中的胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、果生炭疽菌C. fructicola、博宁炭疽菌C. boninense和尖孢炭疽菌C. acutatum，其中果生炭疽菌29株，占总分离菌株的72.5%，为优势病原菌。3种杀菌剂对 40 株供试菌株的菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用，氟啶胺、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑的EC50 值分别介于0.028~0.53 mg/L、0.018~2.69 mg/L 和 0.158~2.57 mg/L 之间，即供试菌株对氟啶胺的敏感性高于其对咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。目前，3个滇黄精产区的炭疽病菌尚未对氟啶胺、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑产生抗药性。 相似文献
3.
建兰胶孢炭疽菌ITS序列分析及其PCR快速检测 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
由胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides引起的炭疽病是建兰的重要病害.为建立快速检测该病原菌的方法,以ITSl/ITS4为引物,对15个建兰胶孢炭疽菌的ITS进行PCR扩增及测序,将测定的序列与炭疽菌属其它种的ITS序列进行比对分析,设计特异性引物CFl/CR1,并通过常规和巢式PCR对建兰胶孢炭疽菌进行检测.结果显示,15个菌株中有13个菌株ITS序列与该菌的模式种序列相似性高达99％以上,而另外2个菌株相似性则为86％;供试菌株在系统发育树上聚为2个不同的分支;引物CFl/CR1通过常规PCR可从1 ng的建兰胶孢炭疽菌基因组DNA中扩增到目的条带,而利用引物ITSl/ITS4和CF1/CR1通过巢式PCR可从1 pg的基因组DNA中扩增到目的条带,即巢式PCR反应检测灵敏度较常规PCR至少高1 000倍.表明建立的巢式PCR法可从自然感病的建兰叶片组织中检测到胶孢炭疽菌. 相似文献
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苹果炭疽病病原菌ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化及遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了从分子水平探讨苹果炭疽病病原菌的群体遗传多样性,采用L16 (45)正交设计对ISSRPCR反应体系中的Mg2浓度、dNTP浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶用量、引物浓度和DNA含量进行优化,并利用优化的体系进行引物筛选及苹果炭疽病菌遗传多样性分析.确立最优反应体系为2.0mmol/L Mg2+、0.2 mmol/L dNTP、2UTaqDNA聚合酶、1μmol/L引物和DNA 100 ng.筛选获得的10条引物对供试菌株共扩增出42条谱带,均为多态性条带.供试菌株在相似系数0.50处分为2个类群,分别与根据形态学鉴定的胶孢刺盘孢Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和尖孢刺盘孢C.acutatum 2个类群相一致,在相似系数0.74处,分为4个亚群,表明苹果炭疽病菌存在明显的种间及种内遗传分化. 相似文献
6.
红掌胶胞炭疽菌的分子检测 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
胶胞炭疽菌是引起红掌炭疽病的病原菌。根据GenBank中炭疽属不同种的ITS序列差异,设计了胶胞炭疽菌的特异性引物E1/E2,由此建立的PCR检测体系可以从38个胶胞炭疽菌菌株中扩增得到329 bp的特异性条带,而扩增其它近似或相关菌株时没有相应的特异性条带。该检测体系对胶胞炭疽菌基因组DNA的扩增灵敏度达到10 pg。将引物E1/E2与ITS区通用引物进行套式PCR扩增后,检测灵敏度至少提高10 000倍。当土中胶胞炭疽菌分生孢子达到200个/g土时可检测出。进一步利用此检测体系对携带病原菌的灌溉水、发病组织进行检测,均能快速稳定地检测出病原菌。 相似文献
7.
北京市葡萄炭疽病病原菌的分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
正葡萄是北京市重要的经济作物,葡萄炭疽病是栽培中的常见病害,造成减产10%~20%。近年来,常采用多基因系统发育分析结合形态学特征鉴定该病病原菌,日本(Suzaki,2011)、澳大利亚(Greer et al.,2011)等国家将其鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和(或)尖孢炭疽菌C.acutatum,我国 相似文献
8.
为明确引起成都市洒金珊瑚炭疽病的病原菌种类和潜在侵染源, 采集疑似为炭疽病的洒金珊瑚叶片, 采用组织分离法进行分离, 单孢纯化后得到22株代表菌株?结合形态学特征和多基因系统发育树的构建, 将致病菌鉴定为暹罗炭疽菌 Colletotrichum siamense?隐秘炭疽菌 C. aenigma?喀斯特炭疽菌 C. karstii 和果生炭疽菌 C. fructicola?将成都市园林植物上分离获得的炭疽菌接种洒金珊瑚, 结果表明:供试菌株都可侵染洒金珊瑚, 表现出强弱不同的致病性, 来自其他寄主的炭疽病菌可能会成为洒金珊瑚炭疽病的潜在侵染源? 相似文献
9.
香蕉炭疽菌rDNA ITS区的分子鉴定与检测 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
香蕉炭疽病菌(Colletordchum muscat)是一种引起香蕉采后病害的最重要病原,本研究用真菌18S~28S间的内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)通用引物18SF和28SR扩增香蕉炭疽菌和其它外群真菌的基因组DNA,扩增出约510bp的片段;通过克隆测序香蕉炭疽菌的ITS全序列并与GenBank中炭疽菌属其它种的ITS序列比对,设计出香蕉炭疽菌的特异性引物ColM1和ColM2。用此特异引物可以从香蕉炭疽菌株中扩增出382bp的特异性片段,而其余20个参试菌株和香蕉组织的PCR反应结果为阴性,灵敏度实验证明可以检测到目标DNA的浓度为0.1Pg。该方法可用于快速、准确和灵敏地检测香蕉炭疽菌,为快速监测组织中有无香蕉炭疽病菌潜伏侵染与及早采取防治措施提供积极的指导意义。 相似文献
10.
炭疽病是葡萄的主要病害之一, 避雨栽培措施对葡萄炭疽病具有较好的防控作用?然而2020年, 在广西地区避雨栽培的葡萄上也发生了较严重的炭疽病, 田间调查发现, 炭疽病病穗率高达70%~80%, 造成产量损失50%?本研究于2020年从广西南宁市的‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄炭疽病病果中分离得到4株炭疽病菌?根据形态特征和多基因(ITS? ACT? TUB2? GAPDH 和CAL)系统发育分析, 将4个菌株鉴定为Colletotrichum viniferum?这是在广西首次发现C.viniferum引起葡萄炭疽病? 相似文献
11.
Carlos Garrido María Carbú Francisco Javier Fernández-Acero Giles Budge Inmaculada Vallejo Alison Colyer Jesús M. Cantoral 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):409-415
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease of cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa. This study identifies the Colletotrichum spp. which causes strawberry anthracnose in the southwest of Spain. A survey of the region was carried out, and the strains
isolated were identified as C. acutatum by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus and species-specific primers, demonstrating that this species is
currently the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in the studied region. The pathogenicity of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides strains was evaluated on two principal strawberry cultivars (cvs Camarosa and Ventana) under field conditions, the latter
being more pathogenic than the former. 相似文献
12.
A. de Souza R. C. Delphino Carboni E. Wickert E. G. de Macedo Lemos A. de Goes 《Plant pathology》2013,62(5):1038-1047
The aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic and pathogenic variability of Colletotrichum spp. isolates from various organs and cultivars of mango with anthracnose symptoms, collected from different municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from symptomless citrus leaves and C. acutatum isolates from citrus flowers with post‐bloom fruit drop symptoms were included as controls. Sequencing of the ITS region allowed the identification of 183 C. gloeosporioides isolates from mango; only one isolate was identified as C. acutatum. amova analysis of ITS sequences showed larger genetic variability among isolates from the same municipality than among those from different populations. fAFLP markers indicated high levels of genetic variability among the C. gloeosporioides isolates from mango and no correlation between genetic variability and isolate source. Only one C. gloeosporioides mango isolate had the same genotype as the C. gloeosporioides isolates from citrus leaves, as determined by ITS sequencing and fAFLP analysis. Pathogenicity tests revealed that C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolates from either mango or citrus can cause anthracnose symptoms on leaves of mango cvs Palmer and Tommy Atkins and blossom blight symptoms in citrus flowers. These outcomes indicate a lack of host specificity of the Colletotrichum species and suggest the possibility of host migration. 相似文献
13.
Michaela Schiller Mette Lübeck Thomas Sundelin Luis Fernando Campos Meléndez Solveig Danielsen Dan Funck Jensen Kenneth Madriz Ordeñana 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(2):107-118
Strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, and leatherleaf fern, Rumohra adiantiformis, are two important crops in Costa Rica. One of the most severe diseases affecting these crops is anthracnose, caused by members of the fungal genus, Colletotrichum (teleomorph; Glomerella). Eighty single-spore isolates from strawberry and leatherleaf fern were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum by species-specific PCR, and were further characterised by Universally Primed PCR (UP-PCR) fingerprinting analysis, and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Morphological differences, genotypic variation revealed by UP-PCR fingerprinting analysis, and a single sequence polymorphism within the ITS2 region were found between the isolates from strawberry and leatherleaf fern, respectively. The UPGMA cluster analysis of the fingerprints clearly separated the isolates derived from strawberry and leatherleaf fern into two different clusters. Pathogenicity assays on detached strawberry fruits confirmed the apparent difference between the two groups of isolates. It is therefore suggested that the pathogens responsible for strawberry anthracnose fruit rot and leatherleaf fern anthracnose in Costa Rica, belong to two distinct subpopulations of C. acutatum. 相似文献
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Colletotrichum isolates (457) were collected from strawberry plant tissues with and without typical anthracnose symptoms and from symptomless weeds in 19 Belgian strawberry fields. The isolates were characterized based on genetic, morphological and pathological features. Isolates were classified according to rDNA‐ITS sequencing: 97% of 211 representative isolates were C. acutatum, 2%C. gloeosporioides and 1%C. coccodes. The C. acutatum isolates belonged to the intraspecific groups A2 (33%), A3 (5%), A4 (50%), A5 (3%) and A7 (6%). Differences in spore morphology, growth rate and colony colour of a selection of 146 isolates confirmed the genetic grouping. Multiple Colletotrichum genotypes were detected in the same field. There was no association between the most common genotypes and geographic origin, presence or absence of symptoms, nor plant species or plant part. Representative Belgian Colletotrichum isolates were used in pathogenicity tests, together with European and American reference isolates. The C. acutatum A2 and the Belgian C. gloeosporioides isolates were the most aggressive on fruits, followed by C. acutatum A3, A4, A5, A7 and C. coccodes isolates. When inoculated into crowns, C. acutatum A2, A5 and American C. gloeosporioides isolates were the most aggressive, followed by C. acutatum A3 isolates. The A4 and A7 isolates and all European C. gloeosporioides isolates were non‐pathogenic on crowns. These data indicate that an unusually diverse Colletotrichum population is present in Belgium. The traditional differentiation between C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides as causal agents of fruit and crown rot, respectively, proved not to be valid in Belgian strawberry fields. 相似文献
15.
Early anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum has become an increasingly serious disease on green, unripe bell pepper fruit in Florida. This contrasts with earlier reports of anthracnose occurring on bell pepper primarily as a ripe-rot disease of mature, colored pepper fruit caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Management of anthracnose on green bell pepper fruit using fungicides and a commercial inducer of systemic acquired resistance, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), was evaluated during three seasons. In two of the three trials, all the fungicides tested including azoxystrobin, fludioxonil + cyprodinil, mancozeb, famoxadone + cymoxanil, copper hydroxide, and ASM significantly increased the number of marketable fruit compared with control plants. These trials identified fungicides that could contribute to a successful pest management program on pepper for controlling anthracnose caused by C. acutatum. The cross-infectivity potential of C. acutatum was investigated on tomato and strawberry by in vitro and field inoculation. Anthracnose lesions formed readily on wound-inoculated detached fruits of all hosts in in vitro assays. Under field conditions, after inoculation, anthracnose lesions occurred on pepper fruit but no lesions of anthracnose were found on either ripe or unripe tomato or strawberry fruit in adjacent plots. 相似文献
16.
Wal��ria Guerreiro Lima Marcel Bellato Sp��sito Lilian Amorim Fabr��cio Packer Gon?alves P��ricles Albuquerque Melo de Filho 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(1):157-165
Citrus post-bloom fruit drop (caused by Colletotrichum acutatum) frequently occurs in the southwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. A survey of Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptoms of post-bloom fruit drop in São Paulo State showed C. gloeosporioides in addition to C. acutatum. The objectives of this study were to confirm the identification of C. gloeosporioides isolated from symptomatic citrus flowers, to test the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides isolates, to compare the development of disease caused by C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum, and to determine the frequency of C. gloeosporioides in a sample of isolates obtained from symptomatic flowers in different regions of São Paulo State. Through the use of species-specific primers by PCR, 17.3% of 139 isolates were C. gloeosporioides, and the remaining 82.7% were C. acutatum. The pathogenicity tests, carried out in 3-year old potted plants of sweet oranges indicated that both species caused typical symptoms of the disease including blossom blight and persistent calyces. Incubation periods (3.5 and 3.9 days, respectively, for C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides) and fruit sets (6.7 and 8.5%, respectively for C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides) were similar for both species. The incidences of blossom blight and persistent calyces were higher on plants inoculated with C. acutatum than in those inoculated with C. gloeosporioides. Conidial germination was similar for both species under different temperatures and wetness periods. Under optimal conditions, appressorium formation and melanisation were higher for C. gloeosporioides than for C. acutatum. These results indicated that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a new causal agent of post-bloom fruit drop. 相似文献
17.
Elizabeth Álvarez Lederson Gañán Alberto Rojas-Triviño Juan F. Mejía Germán A. Llano Alonso González 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(2):319-332
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species is a highly limiting disease for the production of the tropical fruit tree crop, soursop (Annona muricata L.). In this study, 83 single-spore isolates of Colletotrichum were obtained from diseased soursoup tissues and subjected to a species complex-specific PCR assay. The isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides sensu lato (n?=?60), C. boninense s. lat. (n?=?22), or C. acutatum s. lat. (n?=?1). A subset of 21 selected isolates was identified to species level by means of a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region and partial sequences of the actin, β-tubulin-2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and chitin synthase-1 genes. The multi-locus phylogenetic analysis resolved C. theobromicola, C. tropicale, C. siamense, and C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto in the C. gloeosporioides complex; C. karstii and one undetermined species in the C. boninense complex; as well as one undetermined species in the C. acutatum complex. Significant differences in anthracnose severity were observed between Colletotrichum species when tested for pathogenicity on attached twigs of soursop cv. Elita. Colletotrichum theobromicola and C. tropicale were associated with high and intermediate virulence, respectively, whereas the remaining species were associated with low virulence. 相似文献
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In recent years, anthracnose has become a significant disease affecting avocado fruit in the state of Michoacan, Mexico, where it significantly reduces fruit quality and commercial yield. Anthracnose has been assumed to involve Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum as causal agents. However, because of the increasing incidence of anthracnose, a more precise identification of the Colletotrichum spp. involved in this disease has become desirable. During the years 2004–2007, avocado fruits of different sizes exhibiting brown‐black and reddish spots on the pericarp and soft rot in the mesocarp, were gathered from orchards in nine counties. Fungal isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar, and among these, 31 were selected for molecular, morphological and pathogenicity analyses. The molecular approaches used sequence typing of the internal transcribed spacer region and the partial nuclear large ribosomal subunit, allowing the unequivocal identification of C. gloeosporioides (71%), C. acutatum (16%) and C. boninense (13%). This last species has not been previously reported as being associated with anthracnose symptoms in avocado fruits anywhere in the world. Various morphological characteristics such as the size and shape of conidia were determined, as well as the conidial mass colour. Pathogenicity tests performed with all three species were conducted by inoculating healthy fruits. In each case, identical symptoms developed within 3 days of inoculation. Knowledge of the Colletotrichum populations in the Michoacan state, including the newly encountered avocado pathogen C. boninense, will facilitate further studies addressing the relationships between these Colletotrichum spp. and their avocado host. 相似文献