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1.
OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe the occurrence of neurological lesions that could have an effect on lamb mortality. PROCEDURE: The central nervous system was investigated macroscopically (n = 92) and microscopically (n = 72) in lambs dying in the perinatal period during 3 years in flocks of adult Corriedale ewes. The central nervous system was removed intact and samples of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, mesencephalon, cerebellar cortex, medulla oblongata, and cervical spinal cord were scored microscopically for the severity of neuronal dead, cytotoxic and perivascular oedema, and haemorrhage. RESULTS: Neurologic findings between birth and 6 days included haemorrhages in meninges, brain congestion and oedema, neuronal ischemic necrosis, intraparenchymal haemorrhages in medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord, parasagittal cerebral necrosis, and periventricular leukomalacia. No significant lesions were found in anteparturient deaths or in those aged between 7 and 16 days. Oedema was more severe in the brain than in other regions of the central nervous system. Ischaemic neurons first appeared 24 hours post partum, increased linearly in number between 48 hours and 5 days post partum, and had a laminar distribution in the cerebral cortex, indicating a hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Haemorrhages were most severe in the gray matter of medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord, suggesting trauma due to instability of atlantoaxialis joint. CONCLUSION: Lesions in the central nervous system can explain most deaths at birth and within 6 days of birth. The lesions were hypoxic-ischemic and appeared to be related to birth injury. 相似文献
2.
Techniques for the determination of water and electrolytes in individual tissues of normal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are described. Base-line values are presented for intracellular and extracellular distributions of water and electrolytes in 14 tissues, including skin, skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius), cardiac muscle (left ventricle), lung, diaphragm, liver, renal cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus-hypothalamus complex, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. 相似文献
3.
Nonsuppurative encephalitis was experimentally induced in 3-week-old piglets by a single intravenous inoculation of either of two strains (IB 2001 or AS-6) of Japanese encephalitis flavivirus (JEV) isolated from field pigs. The lesions, which consisted of neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia, glial nodules, and perivas-cular cuffing, were distributed in the cerebrum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum, particularly in the gray matter of the frontal and temporal lobes and thalamus. The gray matter of the spinal cord of piglets that were given the AS-6 strain also was affected. JEV antigen was immunohistochemically detected in the cytoplasm of the nerve cells in the cortex of the frontal and temporal lobes and in the gray matter of the thalamus and midbrain. Two JEV strains isolated from field pigs exhibited neurovirulence, inducing nonsup-purative encephalitis in piglets. 相似文献
4.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(3):546-556
The selection of an optimal method for on-farm euthanasia of poultry in cases of emergency killing is still under debate. The preferred approach would spare pain and suffering and would ensure proper stunning as well as rapid death. Here, the effects and pathological lesions induced by blunt trauma to the head followed by cervical dislocation were studied in chickens and turkeys of different weight groups of up to 20 kg. To allow for feasible on-farm execution, including birds heavier than 3 kg, a percussive blow to the head with subsequent manual or mechanical cervical dislocation using a nonpenetrating forceps was employed. Systematic macroscopic, radiographic, and histopathologic examinations were performed with special attention to anatomical structures essential for consciousness and vital functions. The 2 traumatic impacts resulted not only in massive subdural hematomas, cortical brain damage, dissecting vertebral bone fractures, and a disruption of the cervical spinal cord, but also severe lacerations of the medulla oblongata area of the brain stem. The lesions were suggestive of immediate loss of consciousness and indicative of immediate and irreversible loss of central regulation of breathing and heart function. Moreover, the results were largely independent of the weight class examined, indicating that from a pathology perspective the methods used may be suitable for humane euthanasia of poultry of up to 20 kg in live weight. 相似文献
5.
Nakamura K Ohtsu N Nakamura T Yamamoto Y Yamada M Mase M Imai K 《Veterinary pathology》2008,45(6):928-933
Twenty-five 22- to 46-day-old broilers with Newcastle disease (ND) were investigated pathologically and immunohistochemically in order to evaluate the mechanism of ND outbreak in vaccinated broilers. The broilers were vaccinated with ND live vaccine via drinking water. Clinical signs were neurologic and respiratory in nature. Macroscopically, bursal atrophy, white spots on the pancreas, and discoloration and enlargement of kidneys and spleen were observed in the broilers. Histologically, perivascular cuffing, neuronal degeneration and necrosis, and glial proliferation were present in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. There was extensive rarefaction and malacia in the parenchyma of severely affected brains. There were extensive degeneration, necrosis, and depletion of acinar cells in the pancreas. There was proliferation of macrophages in the lungs with congestion, tubulointerstitial nephritis, hepatocytic necrosis with thrombi in the sinusoids, and lymphocytic depletion in the cloacal bursa. Immunohistochemically, ND virus antigens were detected in the lesions. ND virus isolated from the present cases did not cause encephalitis or pancreatitis in specific-pathogen-free chickens, but it induced mortality with hepatocytic sinusoidal thrombi, splenic necrosis, lymphoid necrosis and depletion, and conjunctival hemorrhage. Severe nonpurulent encephalitis with extensive rarefaction and malacia, and necrotizing pancreatitis in the present case may suggest a close possibly causal relation with vaccination. 相似文献
6.
EDWARD MACKILLOP SCOTT J. SCHATZBERG ALEXANDER DE LAHUNTA 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(4):339-344
A 5-year-old female Cocker Spaniel dog had a sudden onset of vestibular disease that localized to the caudal fossa. Upon computed tomography of the brain, a large, hypoattenuating mass with a slight peripheral ring enhancement pattern was detected ventral to the cerebellum. A hypoattenuating region was also identified in the center of the C2 spinal cord segment, consistent with syringohydromyelia. Postmortem examination of the brain revealed a fluid filled, cystic mass located dorsal to medulla oblongata that caused severe compression of the overlying cerebellum. The histopathologic diagnosis was an epidermoid cyst. Extensive syringohydromyelia and obstructive hydrocephalus were identified, both thought to be secondary to overcrowding of the caudal fossa. 相似文献
7.
The purpose of this study was to systematically demonstrate and compare the pathological and immunohistochemical changes in goats which were infected by a fixed rabies virus that was used in vaccine production. In the histopathological examinations, varying degrees of inflammatory, degenerative and necrotic changes were detected in the central nervous system. In the preparations stained by the immunoperoxidase (IP) method, intra- and/or extracellular viral antigens were observed on the cerebellum, cornu ammonis, thalamus, pons, nucleus caudatus, spinal cord, medulla oblongata, Gasserian ganglion, eye and retropharyngeal lymph nodes. In the preparations stained by the immunofluorescence (IF) method, intra- and/or extracellular viral antigens were seen in the same locations with the exception of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. It was also observed that the antigens were qualitatively and quantitatively well stained with both methods. However, the visibility of antigens in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes and eye, and the facilities of applying made the IP method much more advantageous than the IF method. 相似文献
8.
Yamada M Kaku Y Nakamura K Yoshii M Yamamoto Y Miyazaki A Tsunemitsu H Narita M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(10):571-574
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) antigens were detected by a streptavidin-biotin complex method in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 3-week-old pigs that had been inoculated intravenously with PTV Talfan strain. PTV antigens were detected in cytoplasm of nerve cells, glial cells and endothelial cells in the cerebellar nuclei, the grey matter of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata and the ventral horn of the spinal cord and of ganglion cells in the spinal ganglion corresponding to those lesions characterized as non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and ganglionitis. The results of this study suggest that nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord and ganglion cells of the spinal ganglion permit PTV replication and represent the main target cell population of PTV. This is the first study to demonstrate PTV antigen by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from pigs infected with PTV. 相似文献
9.
Simmons MM Spiropoulos J Webb PR Spencer YI Czub S Mueller R Davis A Arnold ME Marsh S Hawkins SA Cooper JA Konold T Wells GA 《Veterinary pathology》2011,48(5):948-963
Tissues from sequential-kill time course studies of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) were examined to define PrP immunohistochemical labeling forms and map disease-specific labeling over the disease course after oral exposure to the BSE agent at two dose levels. Study was confined to brainstem, spinal cord, and certain peripheral nervous system ganglia-tissues implicated in pathogenesis and diagnosis or disease control strategies. Disease-specific labeling in the brainstem in 39 of 220 test animals showed the forms and patterns observed in natural disease and invariably preceded spongiform changes. A precise temporal pattern of increase in labeling was not apparent, but labeling was generally most widespread in clinical cases, and it always involved neuroanatomic locations in the medulla oblongata. In two cases, sparse labeling was confined to one or more neuroanatomic nuclei of the medulla oblongata. When involved, the spinal cord was affected at all levels, providing no indication of temporal spread within the cord axis or relative to the brainstem. Where minimal PrP labeling occurred in the thoracic spinal cord, it was consistent with initial involvement of general visceral efferent neurons. Labeling of ganglia involved only sensory ganglia and only when PrP was present in the brainstem and spinal cord. These experimental transmissions mimicked the neuropathologic findings in BSE-C field cases, independent of dose of agent or stage of disease. The model supports current diagnostic sampling approaches and control measures for the removal and destruction of nervous system tissues in slaughtered cattle. 相似文献
10.
The possibility that bacteremia and toxemia were the causes of death in cases of cecal coccidiosis was investigated. Germ-free and ordinary chickens with microflora were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. At 5 days postinoculation, cecal lesions in ordinary chickens were more severe than those in germ-free ones. Cardiac blood, spleen, and liver were examined in ordinary chickens for bacteremia and endotoxemia, and small numbers of bacteria were recovered from both infected and uninfected birds. Endotoxin levels in plasma of E. tenella-infected birds were low and not different from the levels of uninfected controls. To examine unknown toxic factors, a large volume of serum from infected chickens was injected intravenously into uninfected birds. No significant clinical signs were observed. It is concluded that the intestinal bacteria increase the severity of coccidial lesions without bacteremia and toxemia. 相似文献
11.
12.
Fourteen chicks, 7-12 days old, that died or had neurological signs (depression, paralysis, torticollis, incoordination, and rolling) were investigated pathologically and microbiologically. Variably sized foci of malacia were present within the parenchyma of the brain stem (cerebral peduncle, optic lobe, and medulla oblongata) and the cerebral hemisphere. Capillary thrombosis with congestion and hemorrhage was frequently observed within the malacia lesions. Gram-positive cocci were recognized in the blood capillary of malacia lesions. Bacteriologically, Enterococcus durans was isolated from the brain, liver, kidney, lung, and spleen. Detection of gram-positive cocci within the blood vessels in the malacia lesions observed in these cases may more strongly suggest the pathogenic role of E. durans on the malacia lesions in the brain stem and cerebral hemisphere. 相似文献
13.
对9例冠状病毒性脑脊髓炎仔猪病理组织学观察结果,本病是以脑脊髓软膜及实质的血管周围围以巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞;神经细胞变性、坏死;神经胶质细胞局灶性和弥散性增生为特征的非化脓性脑脊髓炎变化。病变在端脑、脑干、脊髓和半月状神经节都有分布,以小脑、延脑和桥脑的病变最重。免疫器官的免疫细胞反应是体液免疫和细胞免疫同时存在的混合免疫。 相似文献
14.
Kanno T Sasaki S Yamada N Kawasako K Tsuchitani M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):837-843
The goal of this research was to identify mechanisms responsible for the spongy change induced in rats after repeated hexachlorophene (HCP) or cuprizone (CPZ) dosing. Rats were dosed with 35 mg/kg HCP for 5 days followed by drug withdrawal for 7 days suffered spongy changes to the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord that were accompanied by degeneration of oligodendroglia. The severity of both lesions increased prominently on day 5; however, the spongy change decreased and degeneration of oligodendroglia reversed on day 12 (7 days after dosing ceased). On day 12, cerebral cortex oligodendroglia were stained strongly by anti-CNPase. Other rats were fed for 8 days with powdered chow containing 1% (w/w) CPZ, which was then withdrawn for 16 days. The rats exhibited the spongy change in the white matter of the cerebrum and cerebellum as well as oligodendroglial cell death from day 3. The severity of both lesions increased prominently on day 8. Cerebral cortex oligodendroglia were stained strongly by anti-CNPase on days 3 to 8 and decreased to the control levels by day 24 (16 days after dosing ceased). Electron microscopy revealed that oligodendroglia frequently displayed apoptotic morphology. These findings suggest that CNPase expression was induced in the course of restoration following HCP-induced insults to oligodendroglia and the myelin sheath, and in the course of demyelination by CPZ-induced damage to oligodendroglia. However, the role of CNPase on both courses is unclear. 相似文献
15.
兔中枢神经内Orexin B免疫阳性神经纤维的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用免疫组织化学方法研究了青紫蓝兔中枢神经系统（CNS）内orexin B免疫阳性纤维的分布。结果显示，orexin B免疫阳性神经纤维广泛分布于CNS内，在端脑分布于大脑皮质、隔核和杏仁核；在间脑分布于丘脑、下丘脑、上丘脑和垂体，主要分布于丘脑中线核和下丘脑；在中脑分布于中脑中央灰质、前丘、后丘、脚间核和中缝核；在脑桥分布于蓝斑、被盖背侧核和中缝核；在延髓分布于最后区、孤束核和迷走神经背侧运动核；在小脑和脊髓也有分布。兔CNS内orexin B免疫阳性纤维的分布与orexin A的基本相似，本试验结果为理解orexin B在兔体内的作用部位提供了形态学资料。 相似文献
16.
A case of acute meningoencephalomyelitis caused by infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei is described. Clinically there was inability to stand, opisthotonus, facial paralysis and nystagmus, rapidly progressing to violent struggling.
Gross examination revealed malacia and haemorrhage in the medulla oblongata and adjacent spinal cord. Microscopically there were disseminated focal neutrophilic accumulations in affected areas, perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells and lymphocytes and marked oedema. Intracellular bacteria were identified in sections stained by the Giemsa method. 相似文献
Gross examination revealed malacia and haemorrhage in the medulla oblongata and adjacent spinal cord. Microscopically there were disseminated focal neutrophilic accumulations in affected areas, perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells and lymphocytes and marked oedema. Intracellular bacteria were identified in sections stained by the Giemsa method. 相似文献
17.
BL Plattner M Kent B Summers SR Platt AC Freeman U Blas-Machado J Clemans NF Cheville D Garcia-Tapia 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2012,48(5):359-365
A 3.5 yr old Saint Bernard was evaluated for nonambulatory tetraparesis and cranial nerve dysfunction, and a 7 yr old rottweiler was evaluated for progressive paraparesis. Clinical signs of left-sided vestibular and general proprioceptive ataxia and cranial nerve VII dysfunction in the Saint Bernard suggested a lesion affecting the brain stem. Signs in the rottweiler consisted of general proprioceptive/upper motor neuron paraparesis, suggesting a lesion involving the third thoracic (T3) to third lumbar (L3) spinal cord segments. MRI was normal in the Saint Bernard, but an intra-axial lesion involving the T13-L2 spinal cord segments was observed in the rottweiler. In both dogs, the central nervous system (CNS) contained neoplastic cells with features consistent with gliomatosis cerebri (GC). In the Saint Bernard, neoplastic cells were present in the medulla oblongata and cranial cervical spinal cord. In the rottweiler, neoplastic cells were only present in the spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry disclosed two distinct patterns of CD18, nestin, and vimentin staining. GC is a rarely reported tumor of the CNS. Although GC typically involves the cerebrum, clinical signs in these two dogs reflected caudal brainstem and spinal cord involvement. 相似文献
18.
鸭瘟病毒弱毒株在免疫雏鸭体内的分布和排毒规律 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9
鸭瘟病毒(DPV)弱毒Cha株经皮下、口服和滴鼻3种途径免疫1日龄雏鸭，应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测了病毒在体内分布和排毒规律。Cha株免疫雏鸭后，对血液、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、十二指肠、直肠、法氏囊、胸腺、胰腺、延脑、大脑、小脑、舌、肌肉、骨髓、粪便和食道共19种组织PCR检测结果如下：(1)皮下接种雏鸭后4h，即可在心、肝、脾、肾、法氏囊、胸腺、胰腺、延脑、大脑和小脑共10种组织中检出DPV的DNA；8h后，所有采取的组织器官均可检测到DPV的DNA。(2)口服接种雏鸭后4h，可在舌和食道中检测到DPV的DNA；8h后，可在心、肝、脾、肾、胸腺、胰腺、延脑、大脑、小脑、舌、食道和血液共12种组织器官中检出DPV的DNA。(3)滴鼻接种雏鸭后4h，未能在各种组织中检出DPV的DNA；8h后，可在心、肝、脾、肾、胸腺、延脑、大脑、小脑、舌、食道和血液共11种组织中检测到DPV的DNA。(4)在3种免疫途径中，检出时间最早和检出率最高的组织器官为肝脏、脑(大脑、小脑和延脑)；3种途径免疫的鸭，从免疫后12h至21d均能从所有采集的组织中检测出DPV DNA。 相似文献
19.
OBJECTIVE: To define a neurological disorder in Angus calves. PROCEDURE: Clinical and pathological examinations were performed on affected Angus calves from a herd experiencing 1% annual mortality from neurological disease. CLINICAL SIGNS: Angus calves developed ataxia, nystagmus, strabismus, muscular tremors, opisthotonus, bruxism, hyperaesthesia, tetanic spasms and episodic convulsions at 2 to 6 weeks of age. Death occurred 4 to 7 days after the onset of clinical signs. GROSS PATHOLOGY: Bilaterally symmetrical, yellow-grey foci were present in the medulla oblongata. HISTOPATHOLOGY: Symmetrical degenerative lesions affected the dorsal vagal motor, lateral cuneate and olivary nuclei in the medulla oblongata and sometimes the spinal cord, substantia nigra and cerebellar peduncles. Malacia was characterised by spongiosis of the neuropile, vascular hyperplasia, infiltration of gitter cells, spheroid formation and delayed degeneration of neurones. CONCLUSION: Angus calves may develop a multifocal symmetrical necrotising encephalomyelopathy. 相似文献
20.
Casteignau A Fontán A Morillo A Oliveros JA Segalés J 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(6):323-326
Histopathological and toxicological analyses confirmed a clinical diagnosis of selenium (Se) intoxication in pigs from a farm in Spain. After an initial episode of diarrhoea, animals presented both dermatological and neurological signs; the most obvious sign was a marked hind limb paresis. Cutaneous lesions consisted on diffuse alopecia, multifocal skin necrosis and coronary band necrosis of the hooves. Central nervous system lesions involved the cervical and lumbar intumescences of the spinal cord and consisted of a severe, bilateral symmetrical poliomyelomalacia of the ventral horns; pons and medulla oblongata also presented lesions of polioencephalomalacia. Analyses of feed and sera from clinically affected pigs revealed a marked increase in Se concentration. Clinical investigations indicated that a failure in Se dosage in feed was the cause of the toxicosis. 相似文献