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1.
研究分子标记鉴定大麦抗黄矮病基因Yd2的有效性,可为Yd2基因在大麦抗病育种中的广泛应用提供快速有效的分子辅助选择工具。利用与Yd2基因紧密连锁的YLM、CAPS-Ylp和ASPCR-Ylp标记同时检测52份国内外大麦品种(系)与4份大麦F1杂种的Yd2基因型,同时结合生物学抗性检测的表型分析其有效性。通过对Yd2基因型已知的20份大麦品种(系)及4个F1杂种的Yd2基因型分析,表明YLM、CAPS-Ylp与ASPCR-Ylp标记可以有效判断大麦Yd2基因型。进一步用这3个标记检测32份Yd2基因型未知的大麦的基因型,鉴定出基因型为Yd2-/Yd2-的品种(系) 27份,基因型为Yd2+/Yd2+的品种(系) 5份。在回交育种的分子辅助选择实例中,从BC2F2世代中选出了16个基因型为Yd2+/Yd2+的单株。3个分子标记结合应用能够快速有效地鉴定大麦Yd2基因型,可用于Yd2基因回交育种中的大规模分子标记辅助选择。  相似文献   

2.
吴能表  洪鸿 《作物学报》2013,39(2):373-379
使用外加0.15 Wm-2 UV-B及不同钙效应剂处理玉米幼苗,研究细胞Ca2+信号系统对UV-B辐射下玉米幼苗光合作用的调控机理。结果表明,UV诱导的胞内Ca2+荧光增强受胞内IP3通道阻断剂肝素(Heparin)、胞内CaM活性抑制剂三氟啦嗪(TFP)抑制,降低玉米幼苗Chl a、Chl b及Chl T含量、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII活性(Fv/Fo)、Hill反应活力、水分利用效率(WUE),提高胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci),最终导致净光合速率(Pn)下降;细胞质膜钙通道阻断剂氯化镧(LaCl3)引发的此效应较小。据此提出,UV-B辐射下,玉米幼苗叶片细胞IP3动员胞内钙库释放Ca2+,调节光合色素合成、Hill反应活性、WUE,CaM介导的下游反应调节Gs,是Ca2+信号系统最终实现对Pn调控的主要机制。  相似文献   

3.
转codA基因提高番茄植株的耐热性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以野生型番茄(cv. Moneymaker)和转codA番茄为材料,用不同温度(25、30、35、40、45和50℃)分别处理2 h,测定叶片净光合速率(Pn)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率(REC)和抗氧化酶活性等生理指标;42℃高温处理0、3和6 h后,检测热响应基因的表达量以及D1蛋白的含量,研究高温胁迫对上述参数的影响,探讨转codA基因提高番茄叶片耐热性的机制。。结果表明,高温胁迫下,转codA基因番茄叶片Pn和Fv/Fm的抑制程度明显低于野生型,H2O2、MDA的积累量以及REC均低于野生型,而且明显增强了过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性。此外,转codA基因番茄叶片中抗氧化酶基因和热胁迫基因的表达水平均高于野生型,而D1蛋白的降解水平低于野生型。转codA基因番茄体内合成的甜菜碱提高了转基因番茄的耐热性,这与提高和维持较高的抗氧化酶活性、促进热激响应基因的表达及减缓D1蛋白的降解等有关。  相似文献   

4.
以转2-Cys Peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prx)基因的烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)为材料,非转基因烟草为对照,调查盐和光胁迫对转基因烟草幼苗叶片抗氧化酶和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,揭示2-Cys Prx基因在植物抗逆方面的功能。结果表明,弱光(200 μmol m–2 s–1)下,随着盐浓度增大,转基因烟草和对照的SOD活性皆增加,APX活性变化不大,H2O2含量稍有升高;强光(1000 μmol m–2 s–1)下,随着盐浓度增大,转基因烟草SOD活性增强,APX活性下降,H2O2含量增加缓慢,而对照的H2O2含量迅速升高,转基因烟草叶片的PSII电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ФPSII)均高于对照,而且PSII电子受体侧的受抑制程度明显低于对照。结果暗示在强光和盐胁迫使APX活性降低的情况下,2-Cys Prx可有效清除细胞中过量H2O2,增强光合电子传递链的稳定性,特别是PSII电子受体侧的电子传递,有效减轻盐和高光胁迫引起的PSII光抑制。  相似文献   

5.
SRK与SCR是甘蓝自交不亲和雌雄性决定因子,两者间相互作具有单倍型特异性。为了探讨HVI/II区域在SRK单倍型特异性及其与SCR互作中的作用,采用重组技术构建甘蓝不同单倍型eSRK (SRKE与SRKF)间的重组体eSRKE-1、eSRKE-2和eSRKE-3,用酵母双杂交系统3检测各eSRK重组体与SCR之间的相互作用。结果表明: (1) SCRE能与eSRKE作用,而不能与eSRKF作用,说明eSRKE、eSRKF属于不同单倍型;(2) SCRE与重组体eSRKE-1、eSRKE-2、eSRKE-3均不发生作用,HVI和HVII区域内差异的氨基酸位点共同参与了与SCR的作用;(3) SCRF不能与eSRKE-1、eSRKE-2、eSRKE-3作用,替换HVI/II区域后并不能改变SRK的单倍型。  相似文献   

6.
叶片形态是理想株型的重要指标之一,叶片适度卷曲有利于理想株型的建成,是水稻超高产育种的重要材料。在EMS诱变籼稻缙恢10号群体中发现一个卷叶突变体,表现叶片筒状卷曲,经过多代连续自交,性状稳定,命名为rl13 (rolled leaf 13)。rl13的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均显著高于野生型对照缙恢10号,类胡萝卜素含量在苗期、孕穗期与野生型相比有显著提高,而抽穗期和成熟期则差异不显著。rl13的三片功能叶的卷曲度与野生型相比均达到极显著差异,但rl13的三片功能叶之间差异不显著。通过石蜡切片分析,突变体叶肉细胞层数变薄,野生型含有的一个较大泡状细胞转变为卷叶突变体的两个大小相近的泡状细胞,导致了叶片弯曲。以该突变体为父本,西农1A为母本配制杂交组合构建F2遗传群体,结果表明,该卷叶性状由一对隐性核基因控制。选用F2代分离群体中的1 215个隐性单株作为定位群体,将RL13定位在第6染色体短臂上分子标记RM276和SWU6-1之间,遗传距离分别为1.1 cM和0.2 cM。  相似文献   

7.
三系杂交棉花粉育性对高温和低温胁迫的反应   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
为研究在高温和低温胁迫条件下的三系杂交棉花粉育性稳定性问题,利用棉花细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系,配制2个三系杂交棉组合,抗A×浙大强恢(记作：强恢F1)和抗A×DES-HMF277(记作：弱恢F1),并以保持系(抗B)为对照,分别进行温室控温试验和田间自然温度试验,分析三系杂交棉对高温和低温胁迫的反应和花粉育性转换(可育至不育)的临界温度。试验表明,一般三系杂交棉的花粉育性对胁迫温度的反应比保持系敏感,常常花粉散粉少和花粉活力较低。不同三系杂交棉组合对胁迫温度的抗性存在明显差异,强恢F1明显高于弱恢F1,与保持系的育性相似,可育花粉率和自交结铃率较高,不孕籽率较低。经可育花粉率(Y)与温度(T)的回归分析,花粉育性转换的临界温度符合Y = a (T–Topt)2+b模型。强恢F1育性转换的上限和下限温度分别为38.0℃和13.0℃,弱恢F1为36.0℃和14.0℃,保持系为38.5℃和10.0℃。与低温胁迫比较,高温胁迫在我国大部分棉区更普遍,持续时间更长,对产量影响更大。提高三系杂交棉在胁迫气温条件下的花粉育性的稳定性是近期育种的重要目标。  相似文献   

8.
以IR36（indica）和热研2号（japonica，广亲和品种）为亲本，构建了包含180个单株的F2群体及包括110个标记的分子连锁图谱。利用该F2群体，进行了水稻花粉不育数量性状基因座(quantitative trait locus, QTL)的检测和遗传效应分析，共检测到3个花粉不育QTL，分别位于第3、5、7染色体上，此外，共检测到9个由雄配子引起的偏分离QTL，其中7个与ga-14和ga-11位点的配子败育类型相同。与花粉形态鉴定相比，偏分离的数据对检测F1杂种花粉败育基因更为敏感。在第5、6染色体上控制偏分离的2个QTL位点，其杂合基因型出现的频率偏高。在qHPS-5位点，粳型纯合子表现出比杂合子和籼型纯合子更低的育性水平。本研究获得的分子标记将有助于聚合尽可能多的中性亲和基因以解决亚种间F1杂种的花粉不育性问题。  相似文献   

9.
黏类小麦细胞质雄性不育线粒体atp6基因转录本编辑位点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以黏类小麦细胞质雄性不育系ms(Kots)-90-110(A)及其近等可育基因系BC5F2为材料,采用克隆测序与PCR产物直接测序方法,对黏类小麦线粒体atp6基因在花药发育各阶段的RNA编辑进行了分析。结果表明,小麦atp6基因保守区DNA序列在供试材料不育系及其近等可育基因系中完全一致,且与普通小麦和提莫菲维小麦atp6基因序列同源性为99%。两种方法测序分析atp6基因转录本保守区RNA编辑的结果规律相似。atp6基因共有15个编辑位点,其中13个发生在密码子的第一和第二位点上,这些位点的编辑都使氨基酸种类发生了变化;有2个发生在密码子的第三位点上,不引起氨基酸种类的变化;其中第6和第7位点是共转录的。随着花药发育时期的推移,各位点的编辑频率逐渐增高。不育系与其近等可育基因系相比,在引入核恢复基因后,各位点的编辑频率明显提高。编辑不充分的转录产物可能会影响线粒体功能的正常发挥,表明黏类小麦细胞质雄性不育与线粒体atp6基因转录本保守区的编辑有一定的相关性。  相似文献   

10.
普通小麦品种Brock抗白粉病基因分子标记定位   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
为明确利用Brock转育成的小麦抗白粉病品系3B529(京411*7//农大015/Brock, F6)抗性的遗传基础,将高感白粉病小麦品系薛早和3B529杂交,获得F1代、F2分离群体和F2:3家系。抗病性鉴定和遗传分析结果表明,3B529对E09小种的抗性受1对显性基因控制,暂被定名为MlBrock。利用BSA和分子标记分析,获得了与MlBrock连锁的3个SSR标记Xcfd81、Xcfd78、Xgwm159和2个SCAR标记SCAR203和SCAR112,根据SSR和SCAR标记在中国春缺体四体、双端体和缺失系的定位结果,将MlBrock定位在小麦染色体臂5DS Bin 0~0.63区间上。MlBrock与Xcfd81和SCAR203共分离,与SCAR112的遗传距离为0.5 cM。这些分子标记的建立有利于今后Brock抗白粉病基因分子标记辅助选择和基因聚合。综合抗白粉病基因MlBrock的染色体定位和抗谱分析结果,推测MlBrock很可能是Pm2基因。  相似文献   

11.
利用一套以粳稻品种Asominori为遗传背景、籼稻品种IR24为染色体片段供体的覆盖全基因组的CSSL群体，研究了籼粳亚种间组合Asominori/IR24和02428/IR24杂种小穗低育性的遗传基础。结果发现，Asominori/IR24组合的育性主要受第5染色体上的2个育性位点S-24(t)和S-31(t)及第6染色体上的 S-5位点控制，其中S-31(t)为本研究发现的新育性位点，粳稻品种02428带有该位点的亲和性基因。02428/IR24组合的低育性主要受S-24(t)花粉育性位点的影响。育性基因的表达受遗传背景的影响，在粳稻遗传背景中，S-24(t)位点处在Si/Sj杂合基因型时可使杂种小穗育性下降70%左右，而S-31(t)和 S-5为杂种半不育位点。在籼粳全基因组杂合遗传背景中，当S-5i/S-5j基因型置换成S-5i/S-5i基因型后，亚种间杂种小穗育性可平均提高22.5%，接近正常育性水平。在S-5i/S-5j遗传背景中，S-24(t)和S-31(t)的Si/Si纯合基因型不能改善亚种间杂种的小穗育性。说明S-5位点是影响亚种间小穗育性的关键位点，在亚种间杂交稻育种中，必须首先克服S-5位点造成的育性障碍。提出了等位基因置换法克服水稻籼粳亚种间杂种小穗低育性的技术策略。  相似文献   

12.
Hybrids between indica and japonica rice varieties usually show partial sterility, and are a major limiting factor in the utilization of heterosis at subspecific level. When studying male-gamete (pollen) abortion, a possibly important cause for sterility, six loci (S-a, S-b, S-c, S-d, S-e and S-f) for F1 pollen sterility were identified. Here we report genetic and linkage analysis of S-c locus using molecular markers in a cross between Taichung 65, a japonica variety carrying allele S-c j, and its isogenic line TISL5, carrying alleleS-c j. Our results show that pollen sterility occurring in the hybrids is controlled by one locus. We used 208 RFLP markers, as well as 500 RAPD primers, to survey the polymorphism between Taichung 65 and TISL5. Six RFLP markers located on a small region of chromosome 3, detected different RFLP patterns. Co-segregation analysis of fertility and RFLP patterns with 123 F2 plants confirmed that the markers RG227, RG391, R1420 were completely linked with the S-c locus. The genetic distances between the markers C730, RG166 and RG369 and the S-c locus were 0.5 cM, 3.4 cM, and 3.4 cM respectively. Distorted F2 ratios were also observed for these 4 RFLP markers in the cross. This result suggests that the `one locus sporo-gametophytic' model could explain F1 hybrid pollen sterility in cultivated rice. RG227, the completely linked marker, has been converted to STS marker for marker-assisted selection. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

13.
To further understand the nature of hybrid sterility between Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling hybrid sterility between the two cultivated rice species were detected in BC1F1 and advanced backcross populations. A genetic map was constructed using the BC1F1 population derived from a cross between WAB450-16, an O. sativa cultivar, and CG14, an O. glaberrima cultivar. Seven main-effect QTLs for pollen and spikelet sterility were detected in the BC1F1. Forty-four sterility NILs (BC6F1) were developed via successive backcrosses using pollen sterility plants as female and WAB450-16 as the recurrent parent. Seven NILs, in which the target QTL regions were heterozygous while the other QTL regions as well as most of the reminder of the genome were homozygous for the WAB450-16 allele, were selected as the QTL identification materials. BC7F1 for the seven NILs showed a continuous variation in pollen and spikelet fertility. The four identified pollen sterility QTLs were located one each on chromosomes 1, 3, 7 and 7. Pollen sterility loci qSS-3 and qSS-7a were on chromosomes 3 and 7, respectively, which coincides with the previously identified S19, and S20, while loci qSS-1 and qSS-7b on chromosomes 1 and 7L appear distinct from all previously reported loci. An epistatic interaction controlling the hybrid sterility was detected between qSS-1 and qSS-7a.  相似文献   

14.
水稻籼粳亚种间杂种不育性的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
克服杂种不育性是利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势的关键。由此对水稻亚种间杂种不育性的原因、细胞学基础及两种主要基因遗传模式进行了总结,并详细综述了利用“亲和基因”克服籼粳杂种不育性的两种有代表性的学说-广亲和基因和特异亲和基因分子定位的最新研究进展,并提出了两“亲和基因”共同利用的初步设想:将聚合了Si等位基因的粳型亲籼系与聚合了不同广亲和基因(中性亲和基因的广亲和力强、亲和谱广泛的粳型品种进行杂交和回交,选育出聚合不同广亲和基因和Si等位基因的粳型亲籼系,再与籼稻品种杂交,真正实现直接利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势。  相似文献   

15.
一个新的水稻花粉半不育性位点的定位分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用一套以籼稻珍汕97B为背景的粳稻日本晴染色体片段代换系,鉴定发现1个半不育的代换系。全基因组基因型分析表明,该代换系仅含3个粳稻导入片段,而其他遗传背景与珍汕97B相同。在湖北武汉和海南分别种植其衍生的F2和F3分离群体,采用单标记分析和区间作图法分析花粉育性和小穗育性的数量性状位点(QTL),结果表明,该代换系的半不育性是第2染色体上的粳稻导入片段引起的,该片段RM262~RM475区间存在1个新的影响花粉育性的QTL,其贡献率为13.9%。研究结果将为进一步精细定位水稻育性QTL以及鉴定相关功能基因提供重要的试验基础。  相似文献   

16.
C. G. Lu    J. S. Zou  H. Ikehashi 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(1):98-100
To improve the width of compatibility for overcoming various sterilities in inter‐subspecific hybrid rice, some elite lines combining several sterility‐neutral genes were developed and the effects on mitigating various hybrid sterilities were tested. From Akihikari// IR36/Dular, neutral genes at ga11 and six sterility loci, S5, S7, S8, S9, S15 and S16, were combined and elite lines were obtained in their successive progeny. Four of the lines tested were confirmed to combine the neutral alleles S5‐n, S7‐n, S8‐n, S9‐n, S15‐n and S16‐n at the sterility loci and, among them, two harboured an additional gamete abortion‐neutral allele, ga11‐n. F1s, which used the lines and various testers as parents, mitigated the spikelet sterilities by six sterility loci and gamete abortion by a gametophyte gene, ga11. These lines could be selectively used as parents or donors to increase the width of compatibility of rice varieties for improving fertility in inter‐subspecific hybrid rice breeding.  相似文献   

17.
Hybrid incompatibility plays an important role in establishment of post-zygotic reproductive isolation. To unveil genetic basis of hybrid incompatibilities between diverged species of genus Oryza AA genome species, we conducted genetic dissection of hybrid sterility loci, S22(t), which had been identified in backcross progeny derived from Oryza sativa ssp. japonica (recurrent parent) and South American wild rice O. glumaepatula near the end of the short arm of chromosome 2. The S22(t) region was found to be composed of two loci, designated S22A and S22B, that independently induce F1 pollen sterility. Pollen grains containing either of the sterile alleles (S22A-glums or S22B-glums) were sterile if produced on a heterozygous plant. No transmission of the S22A-glums allele via pollen was observed, whereas a low frequency of transmission of S22B-glums was observed. Cytological analysis showed that the sterile pollen grains caused by S22A could reach the bicellular or tricellular stage, and the nearly-sterile pollen grains caused by S22B could reach the tricellular stage. Our genetic analysis showed repulsion linkage effect is possible to induce strong reproductive barrier by high pollen sterility based on recombination value and transmission ratio of hybrid sterility gene to the progeny was influenced by frequency of competitors on fertilization.  相似文献   

18.
H. B. Li    Q. Zhang    A. M. Liu    J. S. Zou  Z. M. Chen 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(5):305-309
Low-temperature-sensitive sterility has become one of the major obstacles in indica–japonica hybrid rice breeding. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the extent of the fertility reduction and to determine the genetic basis of low-temperature-sensitive sterility. Seventeen varieties were crossed in various ways to produce 21 F1s including 16 indica-japonica hybrids. Fertility of the F1s and their parents was examined under both high and low temperature conditions. Considerable reduction in spikelet fertility was observed under low-temperature conditions in the majority of the indica–japonica hybrids having at least one wide compatibility parent. However, the extent of fertility reduction varied greatly, depending on the parental genotypes. Data from five pairs of reciprocal crosses indicated that the cytoplasm had no effect on fertility reduction. The more-or-less bimodal distribution of the fertility segregation of one BC1F1 and two F2: populations under low-temperature conditions suggested that the low-temperature-sensitive sterility was controlled by only one or a few genes. It was also shown that the low-temperature-sensitivity is not related to wide compatibility. We conclude that it is possible to develop indica-japonica hybrids with wide compatibility and also insensitivity to the low-temperature conditions.  相似文献   

19.
Hybrid sterility hinders the transfer of useful traits between Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima. In order to further understand the nature of interspecific hybrid sterility between these two species, a strategy of multi-donors was used to elucidate the range of interspecific hybrid sterility in this study. Fifty-nine accessions of O. glaberrima were used as female parents for hybridization with japonica cultivar Dianjingyou 1, after several backcrossings using Dianjingyou 1 as the recurrent parent and 135 BC6F1 sterile plants were selected for genotyping and deducing hybrid sterility QTLs. BC6F1 plants containing heterozygous target markers were selected and used to raise BC7F1 mapping populations for QTL confirmation and as a result, one locus for gamete elimination on chromosome 1 and two loci for pollen sterility on chromosome 4 and 12, which were distinguished from previous reports, were confirmed and designated as S37(t), S38(t) and S39(t), respectively. These results will be valuable for understanding the range of interspecific hybrid sterility, cloning these genes and improving rice breeding through gene introgression.  相似文献   

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