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1.
1. A novel 31-bp indel polymorphism in intron 3 of the chicken paired box 7 ( PAX7) gene was identified and genotyped in an F 2 resource population of Gushi chicken crossed with Anka broiler to analyse its associations with chicken growth, carcass and meat quality traits. 2. Results showed that the 31-bp indel was significantly associated with body weight at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks of age and body size indices including shank length, shank girth, body slanting length at 8 and 12 weeks of age. Significant associations were found for carcass weight, semi-evisceration weight, evisceration weight, breast muscle fibre diameter, leg muscle fibre diameter, breast muscle fibre density, while no significant association with leg muscle fibre density was observed. 3. It was concluded that the 31-bp indel in intron 3 of the PAX7 gene was associated with chicken growth, carcass and meat quality traits where the 31-bp deletion had a negative effect on chicken growth and carcass traits and positive effect on meat quality traits. 相似文献
2.
通过对不同周龄、品种的肉鸡、肉鸭屠宰数据进行分析,发现体重、屠宰重、全净膛重、半净膛重、胴体重这几个指标之间呈高度相关(R＞0.94,P＜0.0001),说明可以把这几个指标合并为一个指标,考虑到育种公司测定的实际需求,建议用屠宰重代替全净膛重、半净膛重.由于腿肌重与腿重呈显著相关,用腿重来代替腿肌重,可以大幅度简化育种工作,提高育种效率.本研究认为可以用宰前体重、腿重、胸肌重、腹脂重作为肉用禽屠宰测定的主要指标,为了计算相关的率,可以考虑测量屠宰重指标. 相似文献
3.
The objective of the study was to investigate the distribution of LPIN2 variants and haplotypes among breeds and perform an association analysis of the variants and haplotypes with the broiler traits in chickens. Six breeds were used to study the variation and distribution of chicken LPIN2, and an F2 resource population was used to measure growth traits, carcass traits, meat quality traits and serum biochemistry parameters. A c.-599G>A variant was located in the promoter region of LPIN2 and c.444G>A and c.1730A>T (E577D) coding variant mutations were detected. Linkage disequilibrium tests showed that these three variants were under moderate linkage disequilibrium in the 6 breeds and 7 haplotypes were constructed. The distribution of variation/haplotypes presented clear differences among breeds. Association analysis showed that c.-599G>A was associated with leg muscle weight, jejunum length, ileum length, leg muscle fibre density and leg muscle fibre diameter; c.444G>A was associated with spleen weight, ileum length, body weight at hatch and metatarsus length at 8 weeks; c.1730T>A had significant effects on chicken liver weight, heart weight, body weight at 10 weeks, serum albumin and glucose. Diplotypes were significantly associated with body weight at hatch, heart weight, pancreas weight, duodenum length, leg muscle fibre density and lactate dehydrogenase.
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4.
为探究康县太平鸡的体尺性状、屠宰性状及两者间的相关性,以40周龄的健康太平鸡为研究对象,测定其体尺性状与屠宰性状,并对所有测定性状指标间的相关性进行分析。结果表明：40周龄太平鸡体斜长为21.87 cm、龙骨长为10.70 cm、胫长为9.01 cm、胫围为4.32 cm、胸围为28.05 cm、胸深为10.65 cm、胸宽为6.82 cm、骨盆宽为7.65 cm;宰前活重为1 920.7 g、屠体重为1 712.5 g、半净膛重为1 533.4 g、全净膛重为1 314.3 g、胸肌重为277.6 g、腿肌重为395.5 g、屠宰率为89.1%、半净膛率为79.3%、全净膛率为67.8%、胸肌率为20.8%、腿肌率为27.1%、心重率12.2%、腹脂率3.0%。太平鸡体斜长、胸围、胫长、胫围与屠体重、全净膛重、半净膛重、腿肌重之间呈极显著正相关（ P＜0.01）。结论：太平鸡产肉性能好、低脂,体斜长、胸围、胫长、胫围可以作为太平鸡屠宰性能选育的指标。 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT1. A previous whole-genome association analysis has identified the motilin receptor gene ( MLNR), which regulates gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying, as a candidate gene related to chicken growth.2. MLNR mRNA was expressed in all tissues tested, and the expression level in digestive tissues was greater than in other tissues. Expression levels in the pancreas, duodenum and glandular stomach at day old and one, two and three weeks of age indicated a possible correlation with the digestive system. This suggested that the MLNR gene plays a central role in gastrointestinal tract function and affects the growth and development of chickens. Moreover, there was a significant difference in expression in the glandular stomach tissue between Ross 308 and Gushi chickens at six weeks of age.3. Re-sequencing revealed an 86-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the downstream region of the MLNR gene. The mutation locus was genotyped in 2,261 individuals from nine different chicken breeds. MLNR expression levels in the glandular stomach of chickens with DD genotypes were greater than those in chickens with the ID and II genotypes. The DD genotype was the most dominant genotype in commercial broiler's (Ross 308 and Arbor Acres broilers), and the D allele frequency in these breeds exceeded 91%. The deletion mutation tended towards fixation in commercial broilers.4. Association with growth and carcass traits analysed in a Gushi-Anka F 2 intercrossed population, showed that the DD genotype was significantly associated with the greatest growth and carcass trait values, whereas values associated with the II genotype were the lowest in the F 2 reciprocal cross chickens.5. The results suggest that the mutation is strongly associated with growth related traits and it is likely to be useful for marker-assisted selection of chickens. 相似文献
6.
1. Polymorphisms occurring in the seed region of microRNAs (miRNAs) could influence their target gene and lead to phenotypic variation. The purpose of the research was to explore the genetic effects of the rs14934924 (G?>?A) mutation resident in the conserved seed region of miR-1657 on growth and meat traits of the Gushi-Anka F2 resource population. 2. The NdeI polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and association analysis were used to analyse the polymorphism. 3. The mutation was associated with body weight at 8 weeks of age, shank girth at 12 weeks of age, breast bone length at 12 weeks of age, pelvis breadth at 4 weeks of age and subcutaneous fat thickness ( P?P? 4. Our results will be a useful resource for a subsequent study in miRNA function, and provide a basis for molecular techniques in chicken breeding. 相似文献
8.
旨在研究 NR6A1、 VSX2、 VRTN、 LTBP2基因在北京黑猪群体中基因的多态性与脊椎数和胴体性状(胴体长、胴体直长、胴体斜长及胴体重)的关联。本研究提取410头(210±7)日龄健康北京黑猪耳组织DNA,通过PCR技术和Sanger测序技术对4个基因外显子区进行基因分型,计算变异位点基因型频率以及等位基因频率的分布,并与脊椎数和胴体性状进行关联分析。结果表明,在 VSX2、 VRTN、 LTBP2三个基因中共筛选到15个SNPs,其中包含1个CDS区的同义突变和14个3'UTR突变。使用Duncan's多重检验统计分析发现, VSX2基因中CDS区的1个突变c.536 G＞A与脊椎数关联显著( P＜0.05)。 VRTN中3'UTR区共4个突变与性状关联显著( P＜0.05),其中c.2598 A＞G和c.2607 G＞T与脊椎数、胴体长、胴体直长及胴体斜长关联显著,c.3087 G＞C只与胴体斜长关联显著,c.3094 A＞G与脊椎数及胴体斜长关联显著( P＜0.05)。 LTBP2上6个3'UTR突变位点(c.7158 A＞G、c.6869 C＞T、c.6319 G＞C、c.6246 G＞T、c.6170 A＞G、c.6079 G＞T)与脊椎数关联显著( P＜0.05),但与胴体性状关联不显著。综上所述, VSX2、 VRTN、 LTBP2基因中共有10个SNPs与脊椎数性状关联显著( P＜0.05),仅 VRTN基因中4个SNPs与胴体性状关联显著( P＜0.05)。这些关联显著的SNPs可以作为北京黑猪脊椎数及胴体性状变异的候选基因功能位点。 相似文献
9.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons of the myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) and Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) genes were identified and analysed by using DNA sequencing methods in 60 female domestic pigeons (Columba livia). Five SNPs (T5067A, C5084T, C5101T, T5127A and C5154G) were detected in exon 3 of MYF5 and 6 SNPs (C1398T, C1464T, G1542A, C1929T, G1965A and A2355G) were found in exon 2 of KLF15, respectively. The analysis revealed three genotypes, in which the AA genotype was dominant and the A allele showed a dominant advantage. For the MYF5 gene, the C5084T and T5127A SNP genotypes were significantly associated with carcass traits of pigeons. Within those two SNPs, the BB genotype showed relatively higher trait association values than those of AA or AB genotypes. No significant association was observed between the KLF15 SNP genotypes and carcass traits. These results indicated that the MYF5 gene is a potential major gene affecting carcass traits in domestic pigeons. The BB genotype of the C5084T and T5127A SNPs could be a potential candidate genetic marker for marker-assisted selection in pigeon.
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10.
1.?In this study, the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) gene was screened for variations by cloning and sequencing to analyse the association with chicken egg production and broodiness traits. 2.?Sequencing revealed that 69 polymorphisms were found in a 9305-bp length of the chicken VIP gene, of which 39 were located in introns, 28 in 5′ regulatory region, 1 in exon 6 (synonymous) and 1 in 3′-UTR. The nucleotide diversity corrected for sample size was 1·96 × 10?3. 3.?Five polymorphisms, C-3134T, “AGG” indel at ?2648 to ?2650, C + 338T, G + 780T and A + 4691G, were genotyped in 644 individuals of Ningdu Sanhuang chickens to evaluate their effects on egg production and broodiness traits. Marker-trait association analyses showed that the “AGG” indel was associated with total number of eggs from 90 to 300 d of age and total number of qualified eggs from 90 to 300 d of age. In contrast, C + 338T was associated with duration of broodiness. 相似文献
11.
Variation of the vertebral number is associated with carcass traits in pigs. However, results from different populations do not match well with others, especially for carcass weight. Therefore, effects of increased vertebral number on carcass weight were investigated by analyzing the relationship between two loci multi‐vertebra causal loci ( NR6A1 g.748 C > T and VRTN g.20311_20312ins291) and carcass weight in PIC pigs. Results from the association study between vertebral number and carcass weight showed that increased thoracic number had negative effects on carcass weight, but the results were not statistically significant. Further, VRTN Ins/Ins genotype increased more than one thoracic than that of Wt/Wt genotype on average in this PIC population. Meanwhile, there was a significant negative effect of VRTN Ins on carcass weight ( P < 0.05). Thus, our results suggested negative effect of increased thoracic number on carcass weight in PIC pigs. 相似文献
12.
Lippia javanica leaves may have nutraceutical bioactivity and thus could be a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets. To test this hypothesis, a feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of Lippia javanica leaf meal (LJ) on growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality of indigenous Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) chickens. The leaf meal was used to dilute a commercial chicken grower diet at a rate of 25 or 50 g/kg diet. Two additional experimental diets, a positive control (commercial chicken grower diet with antibiotics, CON+) and a negative control (commercial chicken grower diet without antibiotics, CON–), were also formulated. Feed intake and growth performance were measured over a period of 13 weeks before slaughtering for carcass and meat quality measurements. Blood was collected in week 11 to determine haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Diet had no effect on overall FCE but significantly ( P?<?0.05) affected bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), sodium, potassium, cholesterol and magnesium levels in blood. When included at 50 g/kg, LJ increased carcass weight ( P?<?0.05). Meat from CON– (6.07) and LJ50 (6.08) chickens had a higher pH than from CON+ (5.9) and LJ25 (5.8) chickens. Breast muscle in CON– chickens had higher ( P?<?0.05) lightness ( L*) value (53.2) compared to chickens fed on other diets. It was observed that meat from LJ25 chickens had the highest for redness value (2.3). It was concluded that L. javanica leaf meal can be included up to 50 g/kg in Potchefstroom koekoek chicken diets without causing negative effects on the birds’ feed intake, utilisation and weight gain. Diet-induced changes observed in blood parameters and meat quality fell within the expected normal ranges for indigenous chickens. 相似文献
13.
This study aimed to compare growth and slaughter performance of layer-type slow-growing Rhode Island Red male chickens grown with and without access to an area with vegetation in the tropics. Raised until 115 days of age, a total of 156, 1-day-old birds were randomly allocated to two treatments: total confinement (TC) and partial confinement (PC), with 6 replicates of 13 birds each. Birds grown under TC conditions reached a live weight of 2016.68 g while those raised with access to outdoors attained 1981.07 g, without statistical differences. Feed intake and daily feed intake were higher (P < 0.05) in birds farmed with TC management, during the last 17 days of the trial. Treatments did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect bird’s other productive parameters and carcass traits. Results from this study suggested that slow-growing Rhode Island Red males may be raised with access to outdoors without any adverse effect on productive performance and carcass quality in the Mexican Tropic. Based on the results of this study, a rearing period of 84 days of age is recommended for Rhode Island Red male chickens raised in both TC and PC production systems. 相似文献
14.
The effect of replacing soybean crude protein (CP) with legume leaf meal (LLM) CP on feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits was studied in native female Moo Lath Lao pigs. The diets comprised one traditional diet (T) without soybean meal, one control diet (C) with soybean meal and six diets iso-nitrogenous with diet C in which soybean protein was replaced (33, 66 and 100 % of CP) with LLM CP from porcupine joint vetch (PLM) or Stylosanthes (SLM). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Replacing soybean CP with LLM CP reduced ( P?<?0.05) intake of dry matter (DMI), CP (CPI), metabolisable energy (MEI), final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), but had no effect ( P?>?0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing the replacement rate of soybean CP with LLM CP had a negative linear effect ( P?<?0.001) on DMI, CPI, MEI, final BW and ADG, and on all carcass traits except lean meat percentage. There were no differences in dressing percentage or organ weight and length between treatments. Supplementing diet T with soybean meal resulted in higher ( P?<?0.05) DMI, CPI and MEI, lower ( P?<?0.05) FCR, and higher ( P?<?0.05) final BW and ADG. Slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, eye muscle thickness, back fat, fat in carcass and lean meat were lower ( P?<?0.05) with diet T than diet C. In conclusion, LLM from stylo and porcupine joint vetch can be used as a CP source to partially replace soybean meal CP in the diet of growing native female Moo Lath Lao pigs. 相似文献
15.
Two groups of meat‐type cockerels, 56 d of age, from the same hatch but of different mean live‐weights (1135 g ± SD 96.2 and 544 g ± 72.0) due to differences in earlier nutritional treatments were implanted with hexoestrol to determine the effects on food consumption, live‐weight gain, carcass gain, chemical composition of carcass and offal, and weight of some body components. Replicate groups were slaughtered prior to implantation and at the end of the 28‐d experimental period. Implantation with a single 15 mg hexoestrol pellet resulted in the following significant differences compared with untreated controls: increases in food consumption, live‐weight gain, carcass weight and weight of offal of 21.5, 14.2, 8.2 and 16.6 per cent respectively; poorer food conversion, higher total fat in the carcass, offal and total body and, relative to body weight, heavier livers and lighter hearts, gizzards, legs and necks. The increased fat in treated chickens accounted for all the increased body weight and carcass weight. In comparisons of small and large chickens there was no significant difference in live‐weight gain during the 28‐d experimental period. At both 56 and 84 d of age the dressing percentages were lower and the weights relative to body weight of offal, liver, shanks and gizzards were higher in small than in large chickens. Percentage moisture was significantly higher in the total bodies and carcasses of small chickens, while percentage fat was significantly lower in the carcasses of small chickens at both 56 and 84 d and in the total bodies and offals at 56 d. 相似文献
16.
1. An experiment was conducted with 98 male and 98 female broiler chickens (Ross 308) to study the effect of growth rate, induced by different dietary means, sex and live weight (1500?g and 2000?g) at slaughter on production parameters, bone strength and sensorial characteristics of the breast meat. 2. The birds were divided into four groups and individually fed a standard commercial diet, a high energy diet or low energy diet from d?11 to slaughter at between d 28 and 39. Three groups were fed ad libitum and a further group was fed a restricted amount of the high energy feed. Half of the birds in each group were slaughtered at approximately 1500?g and the other half at 2000?g live weight. 3. The diets resulted in different growth rates. The chickens fed the high energy and the commercial diet had the highest growth rate at both live weights at slaughter. The restricted fed chickens had lower bone strength than the chickens fed the low energy diet. 4. Breast meat from male broilers was juicer, more tender and less hard than breast meat from females. Chickens slaughtered at 2000?g live weight were juicer than those slaughtered at 1500?g. Chickens given the high energy feed ad libitum and restricted had different growth rates, but the sensory parameter related to texture showed no difference. 5. It was concluded that an increased slaughter weight might improve meat quality due to improved juiciness. 相似文献
17.
1. The effects of age and sex on body weight, carcass traits, physical and chemical properties of breast muscle from chickens and helmeted guinea fowls managed under village free-range conditions were assessed in random samples of 48 guinea fowls and 48 chickens obtained from local markets. 2. Guinea fowls had higher body weight, hot carcass weight, cold dressed weight and breast weight than chickens. 3. Guinea fowls had more dry matter, protein and less fat than chickens. Ash content did not differ between guinea fowls and chickens. Protein and fat increased, whereas dry matter and ash decreased with age (P < 0.05) 4. Chicken meat was lighter, less red and more yellow than guinea fowl meat. Cooking loss was higher in guinea fowls, male and grower birds than chickens, females and adult birds, respectively. Shear force was affected by age, as mature birds had a higher value than growers. 5. Guinea fowl carcasses contained more meat that was leaner, higher in protein and redder compared with chicken meat. As age increased the meat increased in protein and fat content and shear force, whereas colour became darker, redder and yellower. 相似文献
18.
A genomewide association study was carried out on a sample of Marchigiana breed cattle to detect markers significantly associated with carcass and meat traits. Four hundred and nine young bulls from 117 commercial herds were genotyped by Illumina 50K BeadChip assay. Eight growth and carcass traits (average daily gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage, body weight, skin weight, shank circumference, head weight and carcass conformation) and two meat quality traits (pH at slaughter and pH 24 h after slaughter) were measured. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model that included fixed effects of herd, slaughter date, fixed covariables of age at slaughter and SNP genotype, and random effects of herd and animal. A permutation test was performed to correct SNP genotype significance level for multiple testing. A total of 96 SNPs were significantly associated at genomewide level with one or more of the considered traits. Gene search was performed on genomic regions identified on the basis of significant SNP position and level of linkage disequilibrium. Interesting loci affecting lipid metabolism ( SOAT1), bone ( BMP4) and muscle ( MYOF) biology were highlighted. These results may be useful to better understand the genetic architecture of growth and body composition in cattle. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACTIn two trials, 358 female and entire male pigs vaccinated against boar taint (YxH) were single-phase-fed with diets that were planned to contain 0.78?g standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ net energy and 14.5?g SID CP/g SID lysine. A reference diet with soya bean meal (SBM) as the protein feed ingredient, was replaced with either cereal by-products (CBP), rapeseed meal (RSM), faba beans (FB) or mixtures of 50% CBP and 50% RSM (CBP?+?RSM) or 50% FB and 50% RSM (FB?+?RSM) in the experimental diets. Treatments had no effect ( P?>?0.05) on daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight, lean meat content or dressing percentage and carcass value. Single-phase-fed pigs on diets with local protein ingredients can perform as well as single-phase-fed pigs on diets with soya bean meal, and CBP, RSM, FB have the potential to replace soya bean meal in nutritionally well-balanced diets to growing-finishing pigs. 相似文献
20.
Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is expected to accelerate the genetic improvement of Japanese Black cattle. However, verification of the effects of the genes for MAS in different subpopulations is required prior to the application of MAS. In this study, we investigated the allelic frequencies and genotypic effects for carcass traits of six genes, which can be used in MAS, in eight local subpopulations. These genes are SCD, FASN and SREBP1, which are associated with the fatty acid composition of meat, and NCAPG, MC1R and F11, which are associated with carcass weight, coat color and blood coagulation abnormality, respectively. The frequencies of desirable alleles of SCD and FASN were relatively high and that of NCAPG was relatively low, and NCAPG was significantly associated with several carcass traits, including carcass weight. The proportions of genotypic variance explained by NCAPG to phenotypic variance were 4.83 for carcass weight. We thus confirmed that NCAPG is a useful marker for selection of carcass traits in these subpopulations. In addition, we found that the desirable alleles of six genes showed no negative effects on carcass traits. Therefore, selection using these genes to improve target traits should not have negative impacts on carcass traits. 相似文献
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