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1.
为了对大麦遗传转化受体进行筛选,本文比较分析了30个大麦品种的成熟胚在改良过的培养基上的培养效率。结果表明,大麦成熟胚在组织培养中,品种间愈伤组织的出愈率的差异非常显著。Morex的出愈率高达94.95%,短芒紫青稞的出愈率则低于6%。在成熟胚形成愈伤组织的时候,将胚刮碎相比整胚接种,可以获得出芽少、相对较好的诱导效果;不同品种的大麦愈伤组织,其分化率也有显著差异,浙秀22的分化率高达97.6%,驻大麦5号的分化率则较低,仅为11.85%。在再生率方面,不同的品种间具有显著的差异,Goldenpromise的再生率较高,达到了44.7%,垦啤麦9号的再生率较低,仅为1.4%。扬农啤9号白化苗的发生率较高,达到13.25%,有23个品种的白化苗发生率均不超过10%。综合分析,Golden promise、浙皮8号、浙秀12、Metcalfe、Franklin、浙大8号六个大麦品种具有良好的成熟胚培养效果以及较高的再生能力,可以作为大麦遗传转化的受体进行利用。 相似文献
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为明确大麦茎尖高频再生培养体系的影响因素,以大麦品种甘啤3号、甘啤4号和甘啤6号为材料,研究颖壳去除方法、灭菌处理方式、无菌苗的苗龄、茎尖切段的大小和位置以及外源激素(2,4-D)浓度对大麦茎尖愈伤组织培养和植株高频再生的影响。结果表明,大麦种子颖壳去除的最佳方法是将种子浸泡在30%的硫酸中,并置于水平摇床30℃、180r·min~(-1)摇动1h;同时发现参试品种中甘啤4号发芽率最高;75%的乙醇1.5min+2%的NaClO 15min的灭菌处理效果最好,其带菌率和发芽率与其他处理有显著差异,并且对种子伤害较小,幼苗整齐度较好,有利于无菌苗的培养;茎尖外植体愈伤组织的形成和植株再生频率与茎尖切段的位置和苗龄密切相关,3d苗龄、茎尖基部2mm处的切段效果最好;3mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D适宜愈伤组织的离体培养,在出愈率和植株再生率上差异显著,可以诱导出大量愈伤组织。 相似文献
3.
为了优化小麦主要推广品种的成熟胚组织培养体系,并筛选优良的转基因受体基因型,以12种小麦品种的成熟胚为材料,对其成熟胚为外植体的愈伤组织进行了诱导分化和再生的研究,探讨了不同2,4-D浓度下3种诱导培养基(MS2、L32、N64)、以L3为基本培养基的3种分化培养基以及以MS为基本培养基的3种生根培养基对小麦成熟胚离体培养的影响。结果表明,各培养基对成熟胚愈伤的诱导率和分化率的影响差别不大,而主要影响愈伤质量和生根效果。3种诱导培养基的平均诱导率均超过85%,N64的最高(90.13%),L32培养基的愈伤质量最好,诱导效果最佳。不同激素配比均可诱导小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化再生,但不同基因型间有较大差异,添加0.5mg.L-1 IAA和1mg.L-1 KT的分化培养基L2的平均分化率最高(55.68%);添加0.2 mg.L-1 IAA和0.5 mg.L-1 MET的生根培养基MX1的平均生根率最高(37.02%)。不同基因型的出愈率、胚芽率、分化率、生根率差异显著,筛选出鲁麦14、良星99、济麦21、山农20、良星66等5个小麦品种可作为优良的转基因成熟胚受体材料,并初步建立起适于它们的组织培养体系。 相似文献
4.
小麦不同外植体离体培养与再生研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为了研究小麦组织培养的影响因素,对6个小麦品种的幼胚、幼穗以及成熟胚进行组织培养,研究不同基因型、外植体以及培养基对愈伤组织诱导及分化再生的影响.结果表明,不同小麦品种幼胚、幼穗以及成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率均在90%以上,且差异不大,而分化率和再生率却表现出很大差异.总体来说,供试外植体幼胚再生率最高,幼穗次之,成熟胚最低.绵阳19幼胚再生率最高,为54%,其最佳激素培养基为MS KT 1.0 mg/L IAA 1.0 mg/L;其次为小偃107和小偃22的幼胚愈伤组织.幼穗愈伤组织中绵阳19愈伤组织再生率最高,为27.5%,其次为洛阳8716.成熟胚愈伤组织培养中陕354再生率最高,为25.1%,优于其幼穗愈伤组织,其次为绵阳19的成熟胚愈伤组织. 相似文献
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小麦成熟胚组织培养再生体系的优化及高再生率基因型的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了优化小麦成熟胚组织培养再生体系,并从优良小麦品种中筛选出高再生率基因型,选用20个小麦品种为材料,研究了4种胚的不同处理方式对成熟胚脱分化率及形成愈伤组织质量的影响,6种不同激素配比对愈伤组织分化再生的影响及2种生根培养基的生根效果;并对参试品种中的高再生率基因型进行了筛选。结果表明,用纵半切的全胚进行愈伤组织诱导形成的愈伤组织质量最好;小麦成熟胚愈伤组织在以下3种激素配比,即：B.IAA 1.0 mg.L-1＋ZT 2 mg.L-1;E.2,4-D 0.1 mg.L-1＋ZT 10 mg.L-1;F.6-BA 1 mg.L-1＋NAA 0.3 mg.L-1＋KT 4 mg.L-1的培养基上分化再生成苗率较高;再生苗在不加生长素的1/2MS培养基上生根效果很好。在供试的20个小麦品种中,有12个小麦品种的再生成苗率达到20%以上,其中西农928、宁春16和西农889的再生成苗率分别高达77.6%、52.7%和36.9%。B分化培养基对大部分基因型愈伤组织的分化培养具有比较好的通用性。本研究从黄淮麦区推广的小麦品种中筛选出的一些高再生率的基因型可以用作该地区小麦转基因研究的受体材料。 相似文献
7.
大麦幼胚离体培养条件的建立 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了建立一个适于优良大麦品种遗传转化的高效组织培养体系,对两个大麦地方品种晋引6号和来色衣的未成熟胚离体培养条件进行了研究。结果表明,在M S基本培养基上添加ABA 0.5 m g/L、CH 300m g/L能够很好地抑制幼胚过早发芽,并促进植株再生;添加2,4-D 2 m g/L也能够很好地促进幼胚愈伤组织的诱导和分化;添加ZT 1.0 m g/L和IAA 0.1 m g/L,对愈伤组织诱导分化的效果比较理想,分化率平均达到86.6%。 相似文献
8.
甜菜组织培养与植株再生体系的建立 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国糖料》2018,(6)
本研究以甜菜品种"甘糖7号"叶柄为外植体,通过诱导愈伤组织、愈伤组织分化不定芽、芽生根和移栽等步骤建立一套甜菜组织培养与植株再生体系。结果表明,诱导甜菜叶柄愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+4 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,诱导率达88.2%;诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽的最佳培养基为MS+4 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,分化率仅为9.4%;生根培养基为MS+0.1 mg/L NAA,生根率达33.3%。甜菜再生苗移栽至蛭石中,保温保湿7~10 d后,成活率可达90%以上。本研究结果将对糖料作物甜菜抗逆遗传改良及其基因工程育种具有推动作用。 相似文献
9.
为建立燕麦遗传转化的高效植株再生体系，选用裸燕麦新品种燕科一号的幼穗进行组织培养特性和再生体系研究。结果表明，在6种诱导培养基上愈伤组织状态和诱导率差异不大；在进一步继代培养过程中愈伤组织出现明显差异，其中培养基Y2和J结合培养效果好；愈伤组织分化产生绿色芽点和绿苗，二者分化率呈显著正相关；绿苗分化适宜的激素配比是6-BA0．5mg／L＋KT0．4mg／L＋NAA0．4mg／L，有84．90％的愈伤组织分化成苗，其中KT的作用较6-BA、NAA强；在1／2MS培养基上再生苗容易生根，生根率达到89．64％，移栽成活率91．05％；幼穗取样以0．5～1．0cm最为理想。 相似文献
10.
本文报道多效唑对水稻种胚愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响。试验结果表明。多效唑对水稻种胚愈伤组织的诱导以及诱导种胚愈伤组织时种子芽的生长均有抑制作用；低浓度（１─５ｐｐｍ）的多效唑处理多数能提高绿苗分化率，且诱导期进行低浓度多效唑处理的绿苗分化率高于分化期处理；再生绿苗的高度多数随多效唑浓度的提高而降低。本研究初步显示出多效唑可对水稻组织培养进行有效的化学调控。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献