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1.
采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(SDS-PAGE)对来自黑龙江省的25份大豆品种进行醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析.结果供试材料共分离出19条谱带,多态性条带12条,多态性比率达63.16%,其中α区3条带,β区5条带,γ区5条带,ε区6条带.材料间的Nei-Li遗传相似性系数(GS)范围为0.4737～0.9474,平均值为0.7105;遗传距离(GD)范围为0.0541～0.7472,平均值为0.3654,表明供试材料之间具有较为丰富的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性.聚类分析结果表明,在GS值为0.79处可聚为4类,主成分分析进一步验证了此结果.由此可见,醇溶蛋白标记技术能很好地用来区分不同的大豆品种,为大豆品种鉴定和种质资源利用奠定基础. 相似文献
2.
部分普通小麦醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了揭示普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种间醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性,采用A-PAGE方法对60份普通小麦品种(系)进行了醇溶蛋白分析.结果表明,全部供试品种(系)共检测到943条带,每份材料可电泳出9～21条带,平均15.7条.试验共获得迁移率不同的谱带74条,其中第2和第4条谱带出现的频率最高,分别为45.00%和、51.67%,其余的谱带多态性很高,说明小麦种质间存在丰富的醇溶蛋白遗传异质性.供试材料间的遗传距离(Genetic distance,GD)变异范围为0.40～0.84,平均为0.62.聚类分析在GD值为0.82水平上可将供试材料分为4大类群. 相似文献
3.
燕麦种质资源醇溶蛋白遗传多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了给燕麦种质资源的收集、保护以及利用提供信息,采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)对74份燕麦种质资源进行了醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析.结果表明,供试燕麦醇溶蛋白位点存在丰富的等位变异,共检测到73种燕麦醇溶蛋白图谱.其醇溶蛋白带纹遗传相似系数为0.1667～1.000,平均遗传相似系数为0.4964.共分离出19种迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白带纹,醇溶蛋白的带纹多态性为100%.等位基因平均遗传多样性指数为0.5229,表明供试燕麦种质醇溶蛋白变异丰富,存在广泛的遗传多样性.基于燕麦醇溶蛋白聚类分析将74份材料分为6类,部分供试材料分类结果与其地理来源有关. 相似文献
4.
菠萝蜜种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用SRAP标记技术，对46份菠萝蜜种质资源进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明：20对SRAP引物组合共扩增出257条带，其中多态性条带194条，多态位点比率为75.5％，平均每对引物扩增条带数和多态性条带数分别为12.9条和9.7条。Shannon 遗传多样性指数I为0.365 7，Nei’s基因多样性指数H为0.241 4，表明供试样品遗传多样性不丰富。46份菠萝蜜种质间的遗传相似系数在0.674 8～0.975 5之间，平均为0.775 8，说明种质资源的亲缘关系较近。通过UPGMA构建树状图，当相似系数为0.771 0时，菠萝蜜种质资源可分为6个类群，我国的种质资源和东南亚来源的种质相对分开聚类，来源地相同或较近的种质表现出了较为亲密的亲缘关系。 相似文献
5.
引进春小麦种质资源与黑龙江省育成品种农艺性状的遗传多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了有效利用外引的春小麦种质资源,明确黑龙江省小麦育成品种的遗传多样性,以所收集该省育成的小麦品种(48份)以及从外省引进的部分种质资源(90份)为材料,通过比较变异系数和多样性指数,并运用聚类分析法对其16个农艺性状的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,引进种质资源农艺性状变异系数的平均值(20.61%)和多样性指数的平均值(2.44)均高于黑龙江省小麦育成品种的平均值(17.91%和1.95)。用离差平方和法将138份材料聚为3个大类群,其中第一类群材料的农艺性状综合表现较优,其株高在70 cm左右,不孕小穗数少,小穗密度大,多粒性好,穗粒数多,千粒重、穗粒重和单株粒重适中,是春小麦育种较为理想的亲本材料。 相似文献
6.
青海省小麦种质材料醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解当前青海省普通小麦种质材料醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性,利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)技术对青海省77份普通小麦种质材料进行了醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析。结果表明,供试材料中共分离出蛋白谱带1 237条,迁移率不同的谱带类型37种,其中迁移率编号为2、19和3号的谱带出现频率最高,分别为98.7%、98.7%和97.4%;3条谱带(15、16和17号)出现频率低于10.5%;其余31条谱带出现频率为19.5%～84.4%。供试材料醇溶蛋白谱带多态性较高,每个材料可电泳分离出11～21条谱带,其中具有14～18条谱带的材料居多。不同材料间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.55～0.94,说明供试材料具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析将供试材料分成6大类,聚类结果在一定程度上反映了供试材料间的亲缘关系。 相似文献
7.
为合理利用优良种质资源，采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）对44个啤酒大麦品种进行醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性研究。结果表明，44个啤酒大麦品种共分离出33种相对迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带，没有公共谱带．即参试材料在33个醇溶蛋白等位变异位点上均存在多态性。44个啤酒大麦品种共得到29种不同的醇溶蛋白图 谱类型，其中24种图谱为单个材料所独有，另外5种图谱分别为几个品种所共有。说明啤酒大麦醇溶蛋白遗传多态性丰富。聚类分析结果与醇溶蛋白多态性分析结果相一致。 相似文献
8.
利用 SRAP 分子标记技术对来自 12 个国家或地区的 54 份杧果种质进行了遗传多样性分析,并对 SRAP 标记 在杧果研究中的效率做了探讨。结果表明,SRAP 标记在杧果种质中具有丰富的多态性,引物多态性条带百分比在 79.31%~100%,平均为 93.10%;引物的有效等位基因数（Ne）、Nei’s 基因多样性指数（H）、Shannon’s 信息指数（I） 和多态性信息含量（PIC）平均值分别为 1.73、0.41、0.60 和 0.87,表明 SRAP 标记具有较高的多态性检测效率。基于 SRAP 标记计算获得的遗传相似系数对杧果种质做聚类分析,54 份杧果种质可被划分为 3 个类群。主成分分析与聚类 分析反映的种质亲缘关系基本一致。 相似文献
9.
波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良作用,利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(A-PAGE)电泳技术对60个波兰小麦×普通小麦中13后代株系的醇溶蛋白位点进行了检测.结果表明,波兰小麦与普通小麦杂交后代醇溶蛋白存在丰富的变异类型,共产生了34条迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,其中,α区2条,β区24条,γ区4条,ω区4条.每个株系具有7～21条带,多数株系为12～19条,平均15.68条.醇溶蛋白遗传多样性指数(H')及多态性信息含量(PIC)分析结果显示,β区醇溶蛋白组成最为丰富,而α区最低.供试材料间存在较大的遗传变异,在GD值0.38水平上可聚为4类.波兰小麦醇溶蛋白谱带在BC<,1F<,2中出现的频率比BC<,2中更高,变异更为丰富.杂交后代中出现了4条双亲不具有的新谱带.分析表明,波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良有十分明显的作用. 相似文献
10.
为探讨辣木（Moringa spp.）种质资源间的遗传关系,采用相关序列扩增多态性（sequence-related amplified polymorphism, SRAP）分子标记方法对18份辣木种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,从170对引物中筛选出13对多态性较高的引物组合,共扩增出104条清晰稳定的条带,平均多态性条带百分率达62.50%。遗传多样性参数分别为等位基因数（Na）为1.6250,有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.4777,基因多样性指数（H）为0.2632,香农信息指数（I）为0.3797,说明18份辣木种质资源间有较高的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,18份辣木种质资在遗传相似系数0.732水平上,可分了3个群,来自非洲卢旺达的狭瓣辣木[M. stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod.]具有较远的亲缘关系,单独聚类为一个类群Ⅲ;其余样品则分别聚类为类群Ⅰ和类群Ⅱ,类群Ⅰ共11份材料,主要为来源于印度的多油辣木（M. oleifera Lam.）及其改良种‘PKM1’和‘PKM2’,类群Ⅱ共6份材料,主要为来源于我国云南和海南的多油辣木及其改良种‘PKM1’和’PKM2’。SRAP标记反映了辣木种质资源间的遗传关系,本研究结果为辣木杂交育种的亲本选择提供了科学基础。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献