共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 749 毫秒
1.
Hagiwara S Kawai K Anri A Nagahata H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):319-323
The concentrations of lactoferrin (Lf) in quarter milk from normal lactating cows and subclinical mastitic cows were measured to determine whether the Lf concentration in milk is influenced by the age of the cow, the stage of lactation, number of milk somatic cells and the presence of pathogens. Lf concentrations in 111 quarter milk samples from 28 normal lactating cows and 270 quarter milk samples from 198 subclinical mastitic cows were measured by means of a single radial immunodiffusion test. Lf concentrations (means +/- standard deviations; logarithmic form) in normal cows and subclinical mastitic cows were 2.23 +/- 0.39 and 2.70 +/- 0.39, respectively. The mean milk Lf concentration (log) in subclinical mastitic cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that in normal cows. The mean milk Lf concentration (log) in normal lactating cows aged 5 years was lower than those in normal lactating cows aged 2 years (p<0.01) and 3 years (p<0.05). The results showed that the milk Lf concentration (log) is associated with age of the dairy cow (one-way analysis of variance test, p<0.01). The mean milk Lf concentration (log) in the latter lactational period tended to be higher than those in the peak and middle periods. Milk Lf concentrations (log) tended to be proportional to the level of the somatic cell count (SCC) score. Mean milk Lf concentrations (log) in subclinical mastitic cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus and with other streptococci species were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those in cows infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci and with Corynebacterium bovis. 相似文献
2.
3.
Middleton JR Hebert VR Fox LK Tomaszewska E Lakritz J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(12):1746-1749
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the elimination kinetics of chlorhexidine in milk when used as an intramammary infusion to stop lactation in cows. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 6 cows. PROCEDURE: The study was performed in 2 phases. Three cows were studied in each phase. All cows were treated with chlorhexidine suspension by infusion into a mastitic mammary gland quarter after 2 milkings 24 hours apart. Foremilk samples (100 mL) were collected from treated and untreated (controls) mammary gland quarters of each cow. Chlorhexidine was extracted from raw milk, and residue concentrations were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Foremilk samples from days 2, 5, and 8 were analyzed in phase I, and samples from time 0 and days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 were analyzed in phase II. RESULTS: In phases I and II, there was no quantifiable transference of chlorhexidine to milk in untreated mammary gland quarters. Measurable chlorhexidine residues were found in milk from treated mammary gland quarters of 2 cows throughout the 42-day sample period in phase II. Estimated mean elimination half-life for chlorhexidine in milk was 11.5 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of the long elimination half-life of chlorhexidine in milk from treated mammary gland quarters, the lack of human dietary exposure data to suggest a food tolerance for chlorhexidine in food products, and the Food and Drug Administration's published zero tolerance for chlorhexidine in uncooked edible calf tissues, we do not recommend extralabel use of chlorhexidine suspension as a treatment to stop lactation in mastitic mammary gland quarters of cows. 相似文献
4.
T. Honkanen-Buzalski M. Sandholm 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1981,4(3-4):329-342
Milk IgA was seen to be largely associated with milk fat globules (
of the sIgA in whole milk). Isolated fat globules became agglutinated by anti-IgA and to a lesser degree by anti-IgM but not by anti-IgG1 or anti-IgG2 (microscopic plate agglutination). Absorption studies using anti-bovine sIgA showed that the cream contained some 16 times more IgA than the repective whey. Isolated milk fat globule membranes released IgA and SC when treated by Triton X 100 as demonstrated by double gel diffusion. IgA was the only membrane-associated component showing cross-reactivity with serum proteins in immunoelectrophoresis. An antiserum prepared against fat globule membranes showed strong anti-IgA activity. IgA from whey became absorbed into washed cream. The specificity of MFGM associated immunity was demonstrated by analysing the capacity of cream, isolated from mastitic cows, to bind homologous labelled bacteria (cream-rising test). 相似文献
5.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of a hand-held device to differentiate between infected and noninfected bovine mammary glands according to the electrical resistance of milk, under Australian conditions. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PROCEDURE: Milk samples were collected from 236 quarters of 60 cows selected from a commercial dairy herd with a high prevalence of mastitis. The true infection status of these quarters was determined using bacteriology. Various methods were used in an attempt to relate the electrical resistance of milk from each quarter to the presence or absence of infection in that quarter. RESULTS: Although the electrical resistance of milk from infected quarters was generally lower than that of noninfected quarters, the overlap of readings between the two populations limited the ability of this device to indicate accurately whether a quarter was infected. The use of methods comparing the readings from each of the four quarters of a single cow did not allow the reliable detection of infected cows. CONCLUSION: Although this device may have some practical advantages in comparison with some other methods of diagnosing subclinical mastitis, the predictive value of the method was generally poor. 相似文献
6.
J H Verheijden A J Schotman A S van Miert C T van Duin 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(9):1637-1640
Zinc concentrations were determined in skimmed milk and whole milk samples from healthy and mastitic cows. During spontaneous and induced mastitis, a marked decrease of Zn concentration in skimmed milk from the mastitic quarters was observed. Seemingly, there are 2 mechanisms involved in the lowering of Zn concentration in skimmed milk from mastitic quarters: a decline in Zn probably as a consequence of decreases in plasma Zn concentrations and an abrupt redistribution of Zn in the inflamed quarters. 相似文献
7.
选取临床型乳房炎自然发病病例9头,乳房内灌注乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)进行治疗,通过检测日产奶量以及停药后2,7,14,21 d的主要乳成分指标,确定Nisin乳房灌注剂对临床型乳房炎病例泌乳性能的影响情况。结果显示,乳房内灌注Nisin后患病乳区乳腺组织得到一定程度的修复,日产奶量逐渐恢复,停药后8 d的日产奶量与发病前6 d相比,平均降幅2.5 kg。治愈后患病乳区牛奶乳脂肪、乳蛋白、乳糖和非脂乳固体含量都呈现上升趋势,但与同期相比,略低于非用药乳区混合牛奶;其中,乳糖含量增加幅度较快,除停药后2 d的治疗乳区外,乳糖含量均在4.7%以上,提示奶牛乳房炎病例经Nisin乳房灌注治疗后,受损乳腺组织修复较快,乳腺上皮细胞合成乳成分的能力大幅度提高。由此可见,Nisin对奶牛临床型乳房炎具有良好的治疗作用。 相似文献
8.
Naoki Suzuki Tomoyasu Kurose Souhei Kaneko Asako Haraguchi Naoki Isobe 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
The aim of this study was to examine whether ultrasonography can be used to predict the outcome of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Forty‐seven mastitic quarters of Holstein‐Friesian cows were examined using ultrasonography at the time of the first examination. In mastitic mammary tissue, three sonographic signs indicating tissue abnormality were found: a hyperechoic spot in the parenchyma area, structural changes to the milk duct, and non‐homogeneous parenchyma. Logistic regression was used to evaluate whether the abnormal findings in the sonographic images can be used to predict the outcome of clinical mastitis. The outcomes of clinical mastitis were defined by the return, or failure to return, to marketable milk production. The sonogram finding of non‐homogeneous parenchyma in the first examination did predict the outcome of clinical mastitis, whereas the type of systemic symptoms (severe or moderate) was not a predictor in this regression model. Therefore, ultrasound examinations of mammary glands in the first examination could be a useful method for predicting outcome of clinical mastitis. There is an economic benefit if ultrasound examination in first examination helps in the decision of whether or not to treat the mastitic cows. 相似文献
9.
乳脂肪是高质量的天然脂肪，其可为人类提供营养和能量，在各种膳食脂肪和油类中，是最容易被消化吸收的。乳脂肪是在乳腺中由从头合成或外源摄取的脂肪酸与甘油酯化形成的一种脂类物质，其含量的高低关系着牛奶品质的优劣和乳制品的加工特性。在奶牛的泌乳周期中，乳腺泌乳功能受多种因素影响，其中内分泌腺分泌的多种激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs）乳脂的合成具有积极的调控作用。综上所述，作者介绍了氢化可的松、催乳素、胰岛素和生长激素4种泌乳相关激素对BMECs乳脂肪合成的调控机理，即从乳脂合成适宜的激素添加量、激素对乳脂球形态的影响方面初步阐释其调控作用，并从乳脂合成的关键酶及转录因子、激素对乳脂合成相关基因表达量方面深入阐释其作用机理，旨在为研究泌乳相关激素对奶牛乳腺内乳脂肪合成的调控机理提供参考。 相似文献
10.
A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of endotoxin in milk samples. Bovine and rabbit antisera raised in response to vaccination with the J5 mutant of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 were used. Antiserum to this mutant has been shown to be cross-reactive with endotoxin from other gram-negative organisms. Known quantities of endotoxin were added to milk samples to generate a standard curve. Acid treatment of whole milk enhanced the detection of endotoxin as compared to untreated whole milk, skim milk and chloroform-treated milk. Milk samples from experimentally induced mastitic cows were then assayed for endotoxin content. Recovery of endotoxin, as measured by ELISA, positively correlated with the amount of endotoxin infused and the time post-infusion of sampling. However, when endotoxin from these samples was quantitated using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay, readings tended to increase, suggesting false-positive reactions with the LAL assay. Milk samples from cases of clinical mastitis were assayed by ELISA with 64% of these showing measurable levels of endotoxin. While further studies of this assay are needed, refinements may produce an assay important for clinical applications. 相似文献
11.
Geeta Devi Leishangthem Niraj Kumar Singh Nittin Dev Singh Gursimran Filia Amarjit Singh 《Veterinary research communications》2018,42(4):275-282
Mastitis is inflammation of mammary gland affecting all the species of domestic animals. Fragments of the mitochondrial genome released from dying cells are considered surrogate markers of mitochondrial injury. We hypothesized that bovine mastitis would be associated with increased cell free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in serum and milk. Milk and serum samples were collected from sub-clinical mastitic and normal animals. Mastitis was confirmed by California mastitis test and bacterial isolation. Oxidative stress, nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines were also estimated. Real time polymerase chain reaction was conducted in serum and milk from sub-clinical mastitic animals and compared with healthy animals targeting the mtDNA genes cytochrome b. Mastitis animals showed higher oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide along with higher level of inflammatory cytokines. Cell free mtDNA was significantly higher in serum and milk of mastitic animals comparing to that of healthy control. The higher cell free relative mtDNA content in mastitis animals indicates injury to the mammary epithelial cells and thereby releasing the mtDNA in the milk and blood. This mtDNA may be a bio-marker of oxidative stress and tissue injury in bovine mastitis. 相似文献
12.
Optimal milk penicillin levels for the treatment of experimentally induced mastitis in cows. 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Infection of the mammary gland (mastitis) was produced by infusing ten quarters 2/cow x 5 cows) with Staphylococcus aureus strain 305. Mastitic and normal quarters were then infused with a preparation containing two levels of penicillin G (100,000 and 200,000 IU) in 10 mL of 3% aluminum monostearate and peanut oil. Milk penicillin levels were determined prior to treatment and twice daily for eight milkings after treatment. Normal and mastitic quarters infused with 200,000 IU had higher peak levels than those infused with 100,000 IU. Milk penicillin levels were similar in mastitic and normal quarters for the first three milkings after treatment. However, residues persisted for a longer time in milk from mastitic quarters. Penicillin was not detected in milk from the untreated control quarters nor in serum samples assayed during the experiment. The in vitro penicillin G sensitivity of the udder pathogen (MIC=0.039 and MBC=0.078 IU) was well below the milk penicillin levels for the first five milkings in all cases. However, infection recurred in two of the ten quarters (one receiving 100,000 IU and one receiving 200,000 IU). 相似文献
13.
Hagiwara K Yamanaka H Hisaeda K Taharaguchi S Kirisawa R Iwai H 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(2):99-108
Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, have been shown to reflect clinical signs in certain conditions in diseased animals. In this study, we quantified the IL-6 concentrations in the serum and milk whey from 94 dairy cows with acute clinical mastitis and 55 healthy lactating cows. The IL-6 concentrations in serum from mastitic cows were significantly higher on the first day of illness compared to those of normal cows. Higher concentrations of IL-6 were also detected in the whey from mastitic cows, whereas low concentrations of IL-6 were detected in both serum and whey samples from normal cows. IL-6 concentrations in the serum taken at the onset of illness from cows that later required euthanasia were significantly higher than those in samples from cows that later recovered. These results suggest that serum IL-6 concentrations may be of prognostic value in identifying cows with severe mastitis. 相似文献
14.
Cywińska A Baś M Karpiuk O Krzyzowska M Rzewuska M Schollenberger A Niemiałtowski M 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2006,9(1):63-70
Mastitis remains a major cause of economic losses in dairy herds. It is believed, that the enhancement of natural defense mechanisms in mammary gland may be helpful in the treatment of bovine mastitis. Our study was designed to assess the apoptosis of leukocytes isolated from bovine milk during subclinical staphylococcal mastitis. Milk samples were collected from cows naturally infected with one pathogen--Staphylococcus aureus and from animals with mastitis caused by several pathogens, including S. aureus. It has been determined that the rate of apoptosis was lower in mastitic milk, as compared with control samples, although varied significantly between groups. High percentage of apoptotic cells was detected in milk with high counts of pathogenic bacteria. In all groups the rate of apoptosis was dependent on the bacterial load, although various correlations were identified. Thus, it is postulated, that the rate of apoptosis of somatic cells in mastitic milk is related to the etiology of infection and is determined by the bacterial load. 相似文献
15.
F. Atroshi J. Parantainen R. Kangasniemi T. Österman 《Veterinary research communications》1987,11(1):15-22
Prostaglandin (PG) levels in milk samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioimmunoassay. In composite milk the PG levels were rather high both in healthy and mastitic samples, and the only significant difference was in thromboxane B2 (TXB). In quarter milk samples classified according to the degree of mastitis by use of somatic cell counts, PGE2 was 40, PGF215, and TXB2 44 per cent higher respectively in affected samples. PG levels were in good correlation with somatic cell counts (r=0.63–0.68, p<0.01) and electrical conductivity (r=0.36–0.52, p<0.01), two established criteria for diagnosis of mastitis. PGE2 also correlated with protein, TXB2 with fat content. PGF2 was in a negative correlation with milk yield. The good correlation of PGs with somatic cell counts and electrical conductivity suggests that PGs might be used as markers of mastitic inflammation. 相似文献
16.
E. J. Carroll 《Veterinary research communications》1983,7(1):247-252
Antibodies presumably stimulated by absorption of endotoxin arising from the gut flora (and in coliform mastitis) are present in all cattle blood so far examined. These antibodies do not appear in the mammary gland in appreciable concentrations until considerable growth of invading coliforms has occurred. They probably have limited value in a bactericidal sense but may be very important as opsonins in the phagocytic process. In a negative sense, these antibodies also may be involved in hypersensitivity reactions which may be responsible for some of the clinical signs. Complement is needed for bactericidal antibody activity. Both the classical and shunt pathways of C activation are present in mastitic milk. Dilution experiments suggest that C concentration may be the rate-limiting factor in bactericidal antibody activity.Although lysozyme may function to lyse coliforms, it does not appear to function in killing. This, coupled with its relatively low concentration in the normal gland, probably makes it relatively unimportant in protection. Properdin activity is present in mastitic milk but its importance has not been assessed. Lactoferrin is a functional bacteriostat but its limited activity in normal milk is also probably of limited importance in protecting the lactating gland. Lactoferrin undoubtedly has an important protective function in the involuted gland.There is no evidence so far obtained that vaccination is of benefit in protection of cows against coliform mastitis. Much more research on this aspect is needed. 相似文献
17.
In vitro methods were used to test the hypothesis that Escherichia coli from bovine mastitis are essentially no different from isolates from bovine feces. Fifty E. coli isolates from bovine mastitic milk, 50 from feces of mastitic cows and 50 from feces of healthy cows were compared with respect to biochemical properties and certain potential virulence factors. There were no significant differences among the groups in tests for biotype; production of colicins, colicin V, or Vero cell cytotocity; and growth in 90% gnotobiotic calf serum or 90% normal milk whey. Resistance to killing in 90% gnotobiotic calf serum varied from 66 to 84%. Most isolates grew in normal whey: the percentage in a group varied from 86 to 96. Mastitic milk isolates were significantly different from the fecal isolates in adonitol fermentation (P0.006), production of aerobactin (P0.026), and ability to grow in 90% mastitic whey (P0.00004). However, only 40% of mastitis E. coli fermented adonitol and only 20% produced aerobactin. Ninety-six percent of mastitic milk E. coli grew in mastitic whey, whereas 64% and 60%, respectively, of mastitic fecal and normal fecal isolates grew in this medium. It is concluded that none of the properties that were investigated constitute potential virulence factors or markers for ability to induce mastitis; the data are consistent with the hypothesis that mastitic E. coli are simply opportunistic pathogens. 相似文献
18.
Boujenane Ismaïl El Aimani Jalila By Khalid 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(1):207-211
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of clinical mastitis and time of first mastitis occurrence on reproductive and milk performance of Holstein cows. Data were collected in a dairy farm from 2008 to 2012 on 1725 cows, among which 464 cows with mastitis. To determine the influence of clinical mastitis on reproductive and milk performance, models included fixed effects of parity, calving season, calving year, and group (cows with and with no mastitis). To determine the effect of time of 1st mastitis occurrence on reproductive performance, the mastitic cows group was further reclassified into three groups: prior to 60 days, between 60 and 90 days and greater than 90 days postpartum. For milk performance, the mastitic cows group was divided into two groups: before and after peak milk yield. Clinical mastitis had significant effects on calving to first AI interval, milk yield, and fat yield, but a non-significant effect on days open, number of inseminations per conception, and milk fat percentage. Mastitic cows had a calving to first AI interval 6.1 days longer and 549.6 kg milk and 20.4 kg fat per 305 days of lactation lower than those with no mastitis. Time of 1st mastitis occurrence did not have any significant effect on reproductive performance. Further, milk and fat yields of cows diseased before peak milk yield were 506 kg and 23.9 kg, respectively, lower than those of cows affected after peak milk yield. Extra attention needs to be paid to mastitis during the early postpartum period.
相似文献19.
Murrieta CM Hess BW Scholljegerdes EJ Engle TE Hossner KL Moss GE Rule DC 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(9):2399-2405
20.
A naturally occurring case of chronic mastitis caused by Prototheca zopfii was detected in a dairy cow. The cow was observed for 12 weeks, and milk samples were cultured each week. Milk production was decreased, and high numbers (greater than 10(3)/ml) of the organism were detected in the milk. Six glands of 2 cows were inoculated with small numbers of P zopfii. All 3 cows were euthanatized, and at postmortem, a progressive pyogranulomatous inflammation was observed in all infected mammary glands. The organism was recovered from tissue and secretions from all inoculated glands and from lymph nodes draining these glands but not from other tissues. 相似文献