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几种常用饵料对稚幼参生长影响的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用鼠尾藻干粉、鲜海带磨碎液、鲜石莼磨碎液和两种海参专用饲料对体长2.90±0.04cm,体重0.49±0.02g的稚幼参进行了为期40d的喂养试验。实验结束时,投喂鲜石莼磨碎液的海参体长为5.15±0.25cm,体重为2.76±0.39g,其体长和体重的增长都显著高于投喂鼠尾藻干粉、鲜海带磨碎液和其中一种配合饵料组,但与另外一种配合饵料差异不显著。投喂鲜石莼组海参的成活率达到85%,高于其他各组,但与其中大部分差异不显著。 相似文献
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研究不同投喂频率(1次/d,2次/d,3次/d,4次/d)对福瑞鲤(FFRC strain common carp)幼鱼摄食与生长的影响,试验周期为30 d。结果显示:当投喂频率从1次/d增加到4次/d时,福瑞鲤幼鱼的摄食率逐步提高,1次/d组的摄食率显著低于其他组(P0.05);体重增长率、体长增长率和特定生长率随投喂频率的增加均有不同程度提高,在4次/d时达到最高;饲料转化率逐步升高,1次/d组显著低于其他组(P0.05)。各试验组福瑞鲤幼鱼的个体体重/体长差异随着投喂频率的增加而先升后降,最终幼鱼的规格趋于一致。综合本试验结果,投喂频率对福瑞鲤幼鱼的摄食与生长存在显著影响,在4次/d的投喂频率下其摄食水平、生长性能、饲料转化效率及大小分化差异系数等均表现出较好状态。 相似文献
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在温度(28.7±0.5)℃、盐度29.0±0.3条件下,研究虾片、黑粒、螺旋藻粉3种人工饵料单独投喂及与虾元和B.P.饵料添加剂混合投喂14d后对方斑东风螺幼虫生长及存活的影响。结果表明,人工饵料与添加剂混合投喂时幼虫的存活率、壳高、壳长及特定生长率高于单一投喂试验组。混合投喂组中以螺旋藻粉+B.P.组的效果最好。在单一人工饵料试验组中,投喂3种人工饵料的方斑东风螺幼虫在试验初期生长差异不显著,但投喂螺旋藻粉的存活率明显高于单独投喂虾片与黑粒组(P0.05);试验后期单独投喂黑粒的幼虫特定生长率及存活率最高,其次为虾片,单独投喂螺旋藻粉的幼虫特定生长率及存活率最低。研究结果可为方斑东风螺幼虫人工配合饲料的开发及人工苗种培育提供参考依据。 相似文献
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投喂蝇蛆对中国明对虾生长及生化组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在试验生态水槽系统内,研究蝇蛆在日粮中不同配比对中国明对虾幼虾生长及生化组成的影响。以蝇蛆在日粮中的所占比例设计了5个梯度组合,经过35d投喂,对虾体长、体质量、特定生长率和成活率升高,对虾肌肉水解氨基酸的总量及其中的必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量增加;在配合饲料中混合投喂3/8以上的蝇蛆可显著提高中国明对虾幼虾的生长速率(P0.05)。对虾肌肉中∑n-3HU-FA、∑n-6HUFA的相对含量随着蝇蛆投喂量的增加而增加,蝇蛆投喂组的必需脂肪酸相对含量均显著低于对照组,多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于对照组。C22∶6n-3/C18∶2n-6比值显著高于对照组,且随着蝇蛆投喂量的增加比值增加。 相似文献
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投饲率对草鱼生长、体组成和能量收支的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了建立草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)的精准投喂模型管理系统,研究了不同投喂水平下草鱼的能量收支。实验在水温(27.5±2.0)℃条件下,选用初始体重(71.03±1.13)g的草鱼,共设5个不同投饲水平(饥饿、1%鱼体重(1%BW)、2%BW、4%BW和饱食),研究摄食水平对草鱼生长、鱼体组分和能量收支的影响。结果显示:随投喂水平的增加,草鱼鱼体水分减少,粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量和能量增加,灰分含量先减少后增加。特定生长率和热积温生长系数均随投喂水平的增加先增加再降低,在5%鱼体重时达到最大,且高于饱食投喂组。饵料转化率(FE)在投喂水平为体重2%组最高,且显著高于其他各组。干物质和能量表观消化率随投喂水平的增加而显著增加,蛋白质表观消化率在投喂水平为体重2%组显著高于其他组。生长能比例随投喂水平的增加而显著增加,而在体重2%组到饱食组间均无显著性差异;代谢能与生长能相反。在最大投喂水平下的能量收支方程为:100 C=21.72 F+4.25 U+45.85R+28.18 G或100 A=61.94R+38.06G。结果表明,5%鱼体重的投喂量为草鱼此阶段的最佳投喂水平。 相似文献
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采用4种饵料投喂中国对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）幼虾，用投喂感染的方法人工感染WSSV。测定体长、体重以及各组的攻毒存活率，实验周期15d。ANOVA分析结果表明，投喂鲜活卤虫组体长、体重的增长明显优于其他各组，差异达极显著水平（P〈0．01）；投喂人工配合饵料实验组的体长、体重增长量最小；投喂鱼肉组体长增长慢于投喂蛤蜊肉组，而体重的增长快于投喂蛤蜊肉组，差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。投喂卤虫成体和投喂鱼肉两组的攻毒存活率最高，明显高于投喂配合饵料和蛤蜊肉两实验组，差异达极显著水平（P〈0．01）；投喂卤虫组和投喂鱼肉组之间存活率无显著差异（P〉0．05），投喂人工配合饵料组和蛤蜊肉组差异不显著（P〉0．05）。巢式PCR检测表明，人工感染前的中国对虾幼虾少数携带WSSV，人工感染后全部个体检测到病毒特征片段。 相似文献
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钝顶螺旋藻在养虾废水中的生长研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)在养虾废水中的生长情况。结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻不能直接在该养殖废水中生长,但在废水中添加5%比例的Zarrouk培养液后,钝顶螺旋藻能在其中较好地生长。通过正交试验获得了钝顶螺旋藻在含5%Zarrouk培养液的废水中的生长最佳条件:pH=8,初始密度A560为0.3,光强2500lx。在该条件下,钝顶螺旋藻对废水中的氮、磷均有较好的清除效果,氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和活性磷的清除率分别达到64.5%、41.9%、67.1%和43.9%。 相似文献
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Parichart Ninwichian Nirandon Phuwan Kesara Jakpim Panya Sae-Lim 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(2):659-672
The effects of tank color on the growth, stress responses, and skin color of snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) were investigated in this study. Fish with initial body weights of 5.03±0.00 g were reared in five experimental tank colors (white, red, green, blue, and black) for 8 weeks. Each tank color was tested in triplicate with an initial stocking density of 15 fish per tank. Fish were fed with commercial sinking pellets at 4% of the average body weight per day. Growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, stress indicators (hematocrit, blood glucose, plasma cortisol levels), and skin color parameters were investigated. The fish reared in blue tanks had a significantly higher average final body weight (9.73?±?0.14 g) and significantly lower average feed conversion ratio (3.42?±?0.12) than the fish reared in black tanks (P?<?0.05). The fish reared in black tanks exhibited higher average hematocrit (36.63?±?1.11%), blood glucose (48.33?±?1.45 mg dL?1), and plasma cortisol (9.00?±?0.56 μg dL?1) levels than those reared in the other tank colors. However, the blood glucose levels in only the fish reared in black tanks were significantly higher than those in the fish reared in the other tank colors. The fish skin color ranged from very pale (high skin lightness) in the white tanks to very dark (low skin lightness) in the black tanks, and 80% of the variation in skin lightness were explained by the tank lightness. The use of a blue tank resulted in normal skin color; hence, blue tanks will not affect the customer acceptance of the fish. Our study revealed that blue is the most appropriate tank color for culturing snakeskin gourami. 相似文献
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为研究豹纹鳃棘鲈色素变化过程以及添加剂对其产生的影响,本研究在室内工厂化养殖条件下,对豹纹鳃棘鲈的早期色素积累、转变过程进行描述,并采用螺旋藻粉和虾青素两种添加剂对其仔、稚、幼鱼的生长及体色变化的影响进行观察。结果显示,从2 d仔鱼开始,眼点色素增多,并由透明转为黑色,摄食明显;3 d仔鱼其背部鳍褶上的树枝状黑色素扩大,脊椎下方出现1列黑色素细胞丛;22 d的鱼体脊椎上方出现1排黑色素斑点,下方黑色素斑点数量减少,此时口、各鳍基部及沿脊椎两侧黄色素增加;28 d的稚鱼体表黄色素与红色素进一步增多,各鳍沿鳍条均有红色素斑点分布,鱼体呈橘红色,颜色鲜艳;30–33 d的幼鱼体表两侧布满黑色与橘红色斑点,脊椎下方斑点消失,仅在尾椎下方存有1块黑色素斑点。增色剂实验结果显示,实验15 d时,螺旋藻粉组与虾青素组全长、体重差异不显著,但均显著高于对照组(P0.05),各实验组内梯度之间差异不显著(P0.05)。30 d时,3%和6%螺旋藻粉组较对照组的体重值高,但差异不显著(P0.05),9%螺旋藻粉组显著低于对照组(P0.05);虾青素组均高于对照组,除与0.6%组差异不显著(P0.05)外,其他组均差异显著(P0.05)。0.1%实验组体重高于对照组和螺旋藻粉组,并高于组内其他梯度组。经过15 d添加虾青素的幼鱼体色红色素有明显增加,与对照组差异显著;30 d时,螺旋藻组没有达到增色效果。结果表明,螺旋藻粉对幼鱼生长初期有促进作用,随着添加浓度与养殖时间的增加其效果不明显,出现负效应;添加浓度为0.1%的虾青素可使全长、体重增长率最高并具有明显增色效果。 相似文献
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饲料中添加螺旋藻对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组分的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
系统研究了饲料中添加0～5％不同水平的螺旋藻对凡纳滨对虾生长性能与体生化组成的影响。结果表明：（1）螺旋藻能促进对虾生长,提高饲料的消化利用率,以0．8％、1．5％螺旋藻添加组凡纳滨对虾生长性能较好,试验中期、末期增重率分别达到926．10％、959．78％和4382％、4353．3％,与对照组相比,虾体增重率分别提高2．82％、6．56％和3．45％、2．77％。结合饲料利用、虾体生化组分分析结果表明,饲料中添加0．8％水平螺旋藻为最佳。凡纳滨对虾肝体指数（HSI）随螺旋藻添加量的增加呈现下降趋势。（2）在1％螺旋藻添加范围内,虾体EPA含量内（Y）与螺旋藻添加量（X）呈现良好的线性关系（YEPA=2．4275X＋4．5975,R0=0．9611）,在0．8％范围内螺旋藻,虾体中DHA、ARA的含量与螺旋藻添加量呈显著线性相关（yDHA=4．668X＋5．6545,R^2=0．9631;YARA=105．58X＋0．3241,R^2=0．9749）。（3）从虾体DHA、EPA和ARA含量分析,0．5％大蒜添加量与5％螺旋藻添加量的对虾体脂肪酸改善效果相当。 相似文献
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The most important visual quality characteristic of Atlantic salmon is the red/pink flesh color. The primary source of this coloration in salmon is caused by deposition of relatively large amounts of pigments, such as astaxanthin, obtained from their diet. Astaxanthin is expensive, and in commercial farming practice, dietary color pigments comprises about 15-20% of the total feed cost. One important operational process in commercial fish farms is therefore to minimize pigment costs. Based on recent models on the effects of dietary pigment concentration and fish size on visual color perception of Atlantic salmon, this study has built a mathematical programming model designed to optimize dietary astaxanthin concentrations throughout the grow-out period that results in well-pigmented fish at minimum cost. We have applied a mixed-integer non-linear programming algorithm to solve this problem. Various managerial implications of applying optimization models in product quality management of farmed salmon are discussed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: In order to simplify the food chain in a closed ecological recirculating aquaculture system, raw Spirulina platensis cultivated in 50-L photobioreactors were fed to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as a uni-feed from the onset of exogenous feeding. The feasibility of using tilapia grown on raw Spirulina (body weight: 155.4 ± 3.9 g, standard length: 16.2 ± 0.2 cm; n = 3) was investigated for 30 weeks for sashimi (sliced raw meat). Some of the rheological properties of the flesh were measured to clarify the obtained results of sensory evaluations of texture and fatness. The elastic modulus of flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly higher than that of the control fish (body weight: 168.9 ± 5.8 g, standard length: 17.8 ± 0.5 cm; n = 3) that were fed commercial diets. In addition, the viscosity of the flesh of the Spirulina -fed fish was significantly lower than that of the control fish. There was no significant difference in the rupture strength between the two treatments. The rheological parameters in the muscle were found to coincide with the results of the sensory assessment. These results suggest that tilapia fed solely on raw Spirulina have a high flesh quality that is suitable for sashimi. The muscle lipid of the raw Spirulina -fed fish had lower levels of non-polar lipids such as triglycerides and partial glycerides, but higher levels of polar lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acid profile of the raw Spirulina -fed fish muscle, especially in the polar lipid fraction, was characterized by an abundance of Σn-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (20:3n-6, 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6). 相似文献
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Jinhui Liu Yongqin Zhang Yurong Luo Han Zhao Wenbin Liu Yamei Xiao 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(1):287-298
Red carp and red crucian carp are ornamental fish with a red body color. Unlike in red crucian carp, no melanophores are observed in red carp embryos or larvae. To explore the roles of the mitfa gene in body color formation in red carp, we investigated the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the mitfa gene in 16 kinds of fish. The mitfa amino acid sequence similarity between red carp and red crucian carp was 95.6%, and this was 91.5% similar between carp and zebrafish. Compared with red crucian carp, red carp showed lower tyrp1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression but similar mitfa mRNA expression in the body pigment stage of the embryo. Moreover, mitfa+ cells as well as melanocytes could be observed in cultured embryo cells derived from red carp and red crucian carp. Our data show that the absence of melanophores in red carp is not the result of mitfa gene deletion or mutation, increasing our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of coloration in cyprinid fish. 相似文献
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The use of antibiotics to control fish disease is one of the constraints in tilapia farming. Hence, the use of probiotic and live organisms as alternative strategies has received much more attention. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of Spirulina (Arthrospir platensis) as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish (1.88 g) were randomly distributed at 20 fish per 100 L aquarium and fed a diet containing either 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 g Spirulina kg?1 diet for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish of each treatment were challenged by pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, which was given by an interperitoneal injection, and they were kept under observation for 10 days to record any abnormal clinical signs and the daily mortality rate. The growth‐promoting influence of Spirulina was observed with fish, and the optimum growth and feed utilization were obtained at 5.0 g Spirulina kg?1 diet. No significant changes were observed in fish survival among the different treatments. Spirulina supplementation improved the protein and lipid contents in fish bodies without significant differences among them, especially when fed 2.5–10.0 g kg?1 diet, but no significant differences in the moisture and ash contents were observed among different treatments. The physiological parameters were improved when fish were fed a Spirulina‐enriched diet. However, the highest red blood cells, white blood cells and nitro blue tetrazolium values were obtained at 5.0–10.0 g Spirulina kg?1 diet; meanwhile, the lowest value was obtained in the control. Total fish mortality due to A. hydrophila infection decreased with an increase in the Spirulina level in fish diets. These results indicate that Spirulina supplement is promising as an alternative method to antibiotics for disease prevention in tilapia aquaculture, and the optimum level of Spirulina in the fish diet should be 5.0–10.0 g kg?1 diet. 相似文献
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螺旋藻对彭泽鲫生长性能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过向彭泽鲫(Pengze Crucian Carp)的基础日粮中添加螺旋藻,以研究其促生长效能。结果表明:2％、4％ 这两种添加剂量均能显著提高彭泽鲫的生长性能(P<0.01),试验组和对照组的相对增重率分别为125.42％、137.66％和 103.43％,饲料系数比对照组分别提高了9.82％和15.18％,成活率也有不同程度的提高。 相似文献
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从嘉兴市某温室甲鱼养殖场废水储存池中分离出1株螺旋藻JXSC-S1。通过与典型钝顶螺旋藻品系进行比较,确定该藻种的藻丝颜色、形状、螺距、螺宽、细胞大小等符合钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)的形态特征。在Zarrouk培养基中,JXSC-S1的生长速率为1.64/d,生长代时为13.96 h,与典型钝顶螺旋藻种S6、S2相似,高于Ns-90020。在温室甲鱼废水中,JXSC-S1的生长速率、外观颜色和藻丝特征都与在Zarrouk培养基中相差不大,远高于S6(0.33/d),而Ns-90020基本不长,S2死亡。上述结果表明,该本地藻种JXSC-S1可以在温室甲鱼废水中快速生长,在用温室甲鱼废水代替昂贵的Zarrouk培养基高效规模生产优质饲料蛋白方面有很大应用潜力。 相似文献