陇东旱塬区小麦配方施肥效应研究     

史聚宝  雷宗昌 《干旱地区农业研究》2017,35(2):147-151

本研究目的在于探讨配方施肥与常规施肥对小麦生产肥料利用的影响,为合理使用化肥提供技术依据。采用田间随机区组试验,通过配方N 187.5 kg·hm~(-2),P 90.0 kg·hm~(-2),K 60.0 kg·hm~(-2)、N 187.59 kg·hm~(-2),P 90.0 kg·hm~(-2)、N 187.5 kg·hm~(-2),K 60.0 kg·hm~(-2)、P 90.0 kg·hm~(-2),K 60.0 kg·hm~(-2)和常规N 157.5kg·hm~(-2),P 88.5 kg·hm~(-2),K 88.5 kg·hm~(-2)、N 157.5 kg·hm~(-2),P 88.5 kg·hm~(-2)、N 157.5 kg·hm~(-2)、K 88.5 kg·hm~(-2)、P 88.5 kg·hm~(-2),K 88.5 kg·hm~(-2)施肥量的比较,研究氮、磷、钾肥料利用率及对产量的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖栽培条件下,配方施肥比常规施肥小麦平均增产537.75 kg·hm~(-2),增产7.31%。肥料利用率提高12.51%(其中氮肥提高2.4%,磷肥提高2.17%,钾肥提高7.94%)。结论:在陇东旱塬瘠薄肥力区生产水平下,配方比例N∶P∶K为12.5∶6∶4,采用地膜覆盖栽培,测土配方施肥小麦的氮肥利用率为37.4%,磷肥利用率为24.1%,钾肥利用率为43.0%。常规施肥小麦的氮肥利用率为35.0%,磷肥利用率为21.9%,钾肥利用率为35.1%。配方施肥与常规施肥相比,具有显著的增产效果,能显著提高肥料利用率,应大力推广应用。  相似文献   

耕作模式与氮肥运筹对土壤主要理化性状及作物产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张玉娥  杨习文  王勇  周宏美  杜聪阳  贺德先 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(1):186-193

在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作条件下,以小麦品种矮抗58和玉米品种郑单958为材料,研究了不同耕作方式(小麦季深耕、玉米季免耕;小麦季旋耕、玉米季免耕)及不同氮肥总量(540,420,300 kg·hm~(-2))和不同氮肥运筹方式(不同追肥比例及追肥时期)对豫东潮土和豫南砂姜黑土物理性状及氮含量的周年变化以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:深耕能显著降低潮土和砂姜黑土20~40 cm土层土壤容重,显著提高两类土壤20~40 cm土层土壤总孔隙度以及田间持水量,且深耕处理下两类土壤周年作物产量分别比旋耕处理增加4.30%和2.63%;土壤全氮以及碱解氮含量均随着氮肥施用总量的增加而升高,在氮肥施用量相同条件下,追施氮肥前土壤全氮和碱解氮含量随着底施氮量的增加而升高,追施氮肥后随着追氮量的增加而增加。研究认为,本试验条件下,考虑到经济效益,建议采用小麦季隔年深耕而玉米季免耕直播的耕作方式,在潮土区的B1C3(小麦季300 kg·hm~(-2)纯氮,按照底肥与拔节期追肥之比为1∶1施入,玉米季240 kg·hm~(-2)纯氮,按底肥与拔节期追肥大喇叭口期追肥之比为2∶1∶1施入)施肥模式,和砂浆黑土地区的B2C1(小麦季240 kg·hm~(-2)全底施,玉米季180 kg·hm~(-2)纯氮,底肥与拔节期追肥之比3∶1施入)施肥模式为两地最优的氮肥施用模式。  相似文献   

肥密组合对寒地半干旱区膜下滴灌玉米产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张发明  杨克军  李佐同  赵长江  王玉凤  徐晶宇  张翼飞  王智慧  付健  谷英楠  杨系玲  刘慧迪  刘承  刘瑀  方永江  唐春双  王聪 《干旱地区农业研究》2016,34(2):32-37

为揭示黑龙江西部半干旱区膜下滴灌栽培方式下玉米高产措施,以郑单958为材料,选取氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和密度四因素作为试验因素,每个试验因素设计5个水平,按照二次通用旋转组合设计(1/2实施)统计分析方法建立回归模型,分析不同肥料和密度组合对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:四因素各单因子对籽粒产量有较明显的影响,均呈开口向下的抛物线趋势变化,影响顺序为施氮密度施钾施磷,且单位水平施入量引起边际产量的减少量为施磷密度施钾施氮;氮肥与磷肥之间的配合对产量的增加具有相互促进作用;要获得≥12231.97 kg·hm~(-2)的产量,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥及种植密度的最优组合取值范围为:氮肥246.24~279.59 kg·hm~(-2),磷肥133.77~151.52 kg·hm~(-2),钾肥82.85~97.16 kg·hm~(-2),种植密度79 676~85 324株·hm~(-2)。  相似文献   

氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭世乾  崔增团  师伟杰  程红玉  肖让  肖占文  赵芸晨  曹建祖 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(2):221-226

采用随机区组试验,设不施肥(CK)、缺氮(PK, P_2O_5∶K20=138∶72)、缺磷(NK, N∶K_20=448.5∶72)、缺钾(NP, N∶P_2O_5=448.5∶138)、氮磷钾配施(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=448.5∶138∶72)5个处理,研究河西地区氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收、肥料利用率和产量的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配施(NPK)对制种玉米生物量的累积有明显促进作用,增产效果显著,产量达到9 834.0 kg·hm~(-2),缺氮(PK)、缺磷(NK)、缺钾(NP)处理产量分别较氮磷钾配施(NPK)降低6.06%、10.07%和4.88%。产量的主要限制因子依次为磷、氮和钾。氮磷钾配施处理的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为22.64%、26.82%和60.10%,氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为N 1.33 kg·kg~(-1),P_2O_5 7.17 kg·kg~(-1),K_2O 6.66 kg·kg~(-1)。因此,河西地区制种玉米生产中应重视磷、钾肥的施用,加强氮肥的节肥增效管理。  相似文献   

长期施肥下黄土旱塬黑垆土磷平衡及农学阈值   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王淑英  樊廷录  李利利  赵刚  张建军  李尚中  王磊  党翼  程万莉  唐小明 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(3):155-162

为研究长期施肥条件下土壤磷平衡和土壤有效磷对磷盈亏的响应,明确土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)的农学阈值及合理磷肥施用量,依托甘肃平凉肥料长期定位试验(始于1979),分析了黄土旱塬黑垆土36 a土壤磷盈亏动态、累积磷盈亏与有效磷的响应关系以及土壤磷残余,通过Mitscherlich方程模拟作物相对产量对土壤有效磷的响应关系,计算黄土旱塬黑垆土小麦和玉米的土壤有效磷农学阈值。结果表明:不施肥(CK)和单施氮肥(N)处理土壤磷始终亏缺,N处理每亏缺磷100 kg·hm~(-2),有效磷含量下降1.05 mg·kg~(-1);施磷处理土壤磷当季盈余4.3～207.9 kg·hm~(-2),累积盈余154.9～7 483.6 kg·hm~(-2),其中有机、无机配施(MNP)处理磷盈余最大;土壤累积磷盈余与土壤有效磷增量呈线性正相关,土壤中每盈余100 kg·hm~(-2)磷,秸秆还田配施化肥(SNP,磷肥隔年施)、氮磷配施(NP)、有机肥(M)和有机、无机配施(MNP)处理土壤有效磷分别增加7.55、2.47、0.28 mg·kg~(-1)和0.46 mg·kg~(-1);黄土旱塬黑垆土农田有效磷的小麦和玉米农学阈值分别为22.05 mg·kg~(-1)和13.96 mg·kg~(-1),MNP处理土壤有效磷含量已高于作物农学阈值,NP和SNP处理土壤有效磷含量达到小麦农学阈值分别需要21 a和24 a,达到玉米农学阈值分别需要2 a和8 a,M处理土壤有效磷含量已高于玉米农学阈值,还需要3 a可达到小麦农学阈值。当磷投入量每年平均达22.9 kg·hm~(-2)时,土壤磷呈持平状态;当磷用量达33 kg·hm~(-2)时,不仅作物产量较高,而且磷肥当季利用率也较高;当磷用量增加到233 kg·hm~(-2)时,作物产量对增加磷投入无响应,土壤磷残余超过90%,大量磷素累积在土壤中,增加了土壤磷素的流失风险。黄土旱塬小麦玉米一年一熟轮作黑垆土农田土壤有效磷农学阈值为13.96 mg·kg~(-1)(玉米)和22.05 mg·kg~(-1)(小麦),秸秆还田可促进旱地农田耕层土壤有效磷含量的增加。  相似文献   

青海省低海拔地区春油菜施肥现状与减肥空间   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁久东  付蓉  胥婷婷  宋佳  徐倩  张洋  张荣  田汇  高亚军 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(1):43-49

为明确青海省春油菜的施肥现状和减肥潜力,在该省低海拔春油菜典型种植区(海拔2 600 m以下)选取了451户农民进行实地调研。结果表明:调研区有47.7%的农户种植的春油菜产量都超过2005—2017年青海平均产量(1 674～2 158 kg·hm~(-2)),有44.6%的农户低于平均产量;20.4%的农户氮肥投入适中(120～160 kg·hm~(-2)),35.9%的农户偏高和很高,43.7%的农户偏低和很低;17.5%的农户磷肥投入适中(90～120 kg·hm~(-2)),69.0%的农户偏高和很高,13.5%的农户偏低和很低;钾肥、微量元素肥料投入基本为空白;20.8%的农户施用有机肥,但有机肥用量低,极少有农户种植翻压绿肥。总之,青海春油菜氮肥投入过量与不足现象并存,且都比较严重;磷肥施用量普遍偏高;其它化肥与有机肥等施用很少。1/3春油菜田有氮肥减量空间,2/3春油菜田有磷肥减量空间,至少有20%的春油菜田氮磷化肥可同时减量。同时,施氮量偏低的春油菜田应该加强培肥,有效硼等微量元素含量偏低的油菜田应适时施用微肥,保证春油菜的高产高效生产。  相似文献   

不同氮肥用量对春油菜产量及养分吸收分配的影响     

尚花  李月梅 《干旱地区农业研究》2020,38(2):227-231

在青海省春油菜主产区开展田间小区试验,采用随机区组设计,每公顷分别施用纯氮0、75、150、225 kg,研究氮肥水平对甘蓝型春油菜新品种青杂12号的产量、养分吸收量、不同部位分配比例和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,在施用磷肥、钾肥和硼肥的基础上,增施氮肥75～225 kg·hm~(-2)可显著增加春油菜地上各部位产量,其中籽粒平均增产量为1 274 kg·hm~(-2),平均增产率为77%,地上部分生物量平均增加3 116 kg·hm~(-2),平均增产率为79%。增施氮肥可显著提高地上部氮素累积量(P0.05),平均增加69%;在施氮水平为150～225 kg·hm~(-2)时,施氮可以显著促进春油菜磷、钾素的累积,累积量平均增加69%和239%。青杂12号成熟期氮素、磷素和钾素吸收分配均表现为:籽粒茎秆角壳,分配比例平均为74.7%、19.5%和5.8%。随着施氮量的增加青杂12号的氮肥偏生产力显著降低,从28.2 kg·kg~(-1)下降到15.3 kg·kg~(-1),增施氮肥后氮肥农学效率、表观利用率、生理利用率、地力贡献率平均值分别为8.2 kg·kg~(-1) N、32.8%、25.6 kg·kg~(-1) N和59.1%。根据产投比结果分析,本试验条件下青海省春油菜推荐氮肥用量为150 kg·hm~(-2)。  相似文献   

减量分施钾肥对旱地马铃薯产量和钾肥利用率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹梅  曾庆凤  张琼  侯俊  张发奎  陈华  陈检锋  王志远  付利波  苏帆 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(2):1-7

在云南省会泽县高、低肥力土壤上分别开展旱作马铃薯的钾肥减量分施试验,研究100%、90%、70%钾肥一次性施用,90%和70%钾肥不同比例分次施用对马铃薯产量、经济效益、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力的影响。结果显示:钾肥对马铃薯生长影响较大,施钾处理的产量比无钾处理高17.39%~42.88%,施钾处理的净收益比无钾处理高15.40%~40.92%;同一处理的马铃薯产量、效益、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力等在高肥力土壤上均优于其在低肥力土壤上。无论在高、低肥力土壤上,施用钾肥量相同时,钾肥后期多施的90%K(30%+60%)处理和70%K(20%+50%)处理产量高于钾肥分次施用的90%K(40%+50%)处理和70%K(30%+40%)处理,钾肥分次施用的90%K(40%+50%)处理和70%K(30%+40%)处理产量均高于钾肥一次性施用的90%K处理和70%K处理。高肥力土壤上,100%K处理马铃薯产量为29 544.44 kg·hm~(-2),是所有处理中最高的,90%K(30%+60%)处理产量为28 770.83 kg·hm~(-2),与100%K处理没有显著性差异,钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力最高的是70%K(20%+50%)处理,分别为36.84%、58.11 kg·kg~(-1)和222.22 kg·kg~(-1)。低肥力土壤上,钾肥施用时期后移的90%K(30%+60%)处理和70%K(20%+50%)处理产量、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力均高于100%K处理;90%K(30%+60%)处理产量、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力分别为17 640.28 kg·hm~(-2)、20.24%、31.13 kg·kg~(-1)和108.89 kg·kg~(-1),70%K(20%+50%)处理分别为17 404.17 kg·hm~(-2)、26.57%、38.15 kg·kg~(-1)和138.13 kg·kg~(-1),100%K处理分别为17 091.67 kg·hm~(-2)、17.49%、24.97 kg·kg~(-1)和94.95 kg·kg~(-1)。钾肥减量分施效果优于钾肥一次性施用,减量分施钾肥在低肥力土壤上的效果比高肥力土壤上的效果显著。高肥力土壤上推荐施用K_2O总量162 kg·hm~(-2),低肥力土壤上推荐施用K_2O总量126~162 kg·hm~(-2),两种肥力土壤上施用比例均为苗期30%、现蕾期70%。  相似文献   

水肥调控下苹果-玉米间作系统作物生长及经济效益分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高飞  王若水  许华森  王冬梅  杨宗儒 《干旱地区农业研究》2017,35(3):20-28

为了探求适用于晋西黄土区果粮间作系统的水肥管理制度,以当地典型的苹果-玉米间作系统为研究对象,通过设置二因素三水平水肥耦合试验,分析不同水肥调控下玉米灌浆期穗位叶叶绿素和叶水势相对含量及水平分布特征,从而建立灌水量、施肥量与各叶片生理指标及产量的回归关系,进一步分析各处理投入产出值及经济收益。试验设置灌水量上限三水平分别为:田间持水量(Fc)的50%(W1)、65%(W2)和85%(W3),施肥量分别为:N 289 kg·hm~(-2)+P_2O_5118 kg·hm~(-2)+K2O 118 kg·hm~(-2)(F1,70%经验施肥量)、N 412.4 kg·hm~(-2)+P_2O_5168.8 kg·hm~(-2)+K2O 168.8 kg·hm~(-2)(F2,100%经验施肥量)、N 537 kg·hm~(-2)+P_2O_5219 kg·hm~(-2)+K2O 219kg·hm~(-2)(F3,130%经验施肥量)。结果表明:水肥调控对植物叶绿素含量影响较小,对叶水势影响较大;随着施肥量的增加,植物叶水势、叶面积指数及产量均逐渐减小;不同水肥调控措施通过种间竞争对叶片生理参数产生的影响不同。玉米叶绿素随着距树行距离的增加而逐渐递增,不同灌溉水平对距树不同距离处玉米叶水势影响差异较大。多元回归分析结果显示:当全生育期氮肥施用量为289 kg·hm~(-2)、磷肥施用量为118 kg·hm~(-2)、钾肥施用量为118 kg·hm~(-2),间作系统可获得较高的产量,理论最大值分别为10 133.50 kg·hm~(-2)、10 205.90 kg·hm~(-2)。在本次试验设计范围内采用全生育期灌水上限设定值为田间持水量的50%,总施肥量为525 kg·hm~(-2)(F1,70%经验施肥量)的水肥管理制度可使间作系统净收益最高,可达10 470.38元·hm~(-2)。因此,低量灌水和施肥不仅可使系统净收益最大,还可避免盲目施肥和灌溉造成的环境污染和资源浪费,是最有利于晋西黄土区果粮间作系统的水肥管理制度。  相似文献   

生物炭对土壤理化性质和玉米生长的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

纪立东  柳骁桐  司海丽  孙权  王锐 《干旱地区农业研究》2021,39(5):114-120

以玉米品种‘利禾1号’为试验材料,设计6个施肥处理,分别为空白对照(CK,不施肥);常规施肥处理(T1,N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=27∶12∶6);在常规施肥处理基础上减氮20%并分别增施生物炭,生物炭施用量分别为2.25 (T2)、4.50 (T3)、6.75 (T4)、9.00 t·hm~(-2)(T5),研究生物质炭基施对宁夏扬黄灌区土壤理化性质和玉米生长的影响。结果表明:在常规施肥减氮20%的基础上,与T1相比,T2、T3、T4、T5处理的有机质含量分别显著增加27.06%、30.59%、37.65%、48.24%,速效钾含量分别显著增加10.84%、11.82%、20.20%、43.84%(P0.05);随着生物质炭施用量的增加,土壤稳定性显著增强,其中T3、T4、T5的水稳性大团聚体(0.25 mm)数量较T1分别显著增加55.35%,128.49%、133.50%(P0.05);当生物质炭的施用量达到4.5 t·hm~(-2)时,细菌数和总菌数达到最大值;土壤酶活性在生物炭施用量超过4.5 t·hm~(-2)时显著增加,其中蔗糖酶活性在T4处理处达到最大,较T1显著增加了140.23%(P0.05);另外T4处理的农艺性状表现最好,产量较T1增加了41.4%;施用生物质炭均能显著增加氮肥利用效率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力,其中T4处理增加的最为明显,较T1处理分别增加38.02%、18.79 kg·kg~(-1)和23.54 kg·kg~(-1)。推荐常规施肥减氮20%配施生物炭6.75 t·hm~(-2)作为扬黄灌区玉米生物炭配施化肥的参考配比。  相似文献   

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel     

Jiří Háva  Tomáš Pavlíček  Vladimir Chikatunov  Eviatar Nevo 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(2):97-101

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Sergio Ovruski  Martín Aluja  John Sivinski  Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

Brief Guide for Authors     

《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Antonio Logrieco  Antonio Bottalico  Giuseppina Mulé  Antonio Moretti  Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China     

Wei-An Xu  Hong-Yan Han 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(1):86-99

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)     

Emine Cıkman  Hasan Sungur Civelek  Phyllis G. Weintraub 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(3):211-216

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P arthenium hysterophorus          下载免费PDF全文

Rakesh K. Gupta  Kamlesh Bali  Mudasir Gani 《Weed Biology and Management》2016,16(4):157-168

Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F ₃, F ₄ and F ₅, but not in F ₁ and F ₂ that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F ₁ and F ₂ in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.  相似文献   

Incidence of virus diseases and RT-PCR detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Daphne</Emphasis>-infecting viruses in Korea     

B. Y. Lee  K. H. Ryu 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):127-132

  相似文献   

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)     

M. Fortass  S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献