共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
ZHOU Honghua 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):866-879
Populus euphratica Oliv. is a unique woody tree that can be utilized for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. The effects of saline water irrigation (0.00, 2.93, 8.78 and 17.55 g/L NaCl solutions) on water transport and water use efficiency (WUE) of P. euphratica saplings were researched for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China in 2011. Results showed that hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation of P. euphratica saplings were more sensitive in root xylem than in twig xylem when irrigation water salinity increased. Irrigation with saline water concentration less than 8.78 g/L did not affect the growth of P. euphratica saplings, under which they maintained normal water transport in twig xylem through adjustment of anatomical structure of vessels and kept higher WUE and photosynthesis in leaves through adjustment of stomata. However, irrigation with saline water concentration up to 17.55 g/L severely inhibited the photochemical process and WUE of P. euphratica saplings, resulting in severe water-deficit in leaves and a sharp reduction in water transport in xylem. Thus, it is feasible to irrigate P. euphratica forest by using saline groundwater for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China. 相似文献
2.
本研究以黑河下游额济纳旗成熟的河岸胡杨林为对象,分析不同年龄胡杨(Populus euphratica)的年轮宽度序列与不同时间尺度环境因子的关系。结果表明:①在年尺度上,气温是影响胡杨径向生长的主要因子,但不同年龄胡杨对气温的响应有所不同。②在季节尺度上,休眠季气温越高越有利于壮龄胡杨的径向生长,而生长季气温越高越不利于老龄胡杨的径向生长。③在月尺度上,前一年3月和当年9月的平均气温越高,对壮龄胡杨的径向生长越有利,而当年10月平均气温越高,对老龄胡杨的径向生长越不利;前一年7月径流量的增加对老龄胡杨的径向生长有利,而当年2月径流量的增加对壮龄胡杨径向生长有利。综上所述,在季节和年等相对较长的时间尺度上,气温是影响胡杨径向生长量的主要因素,随着时间尺度的缩小,胡杨对环境因子的响应更为细化,并且表现出一定的滞后效应。径流量作为重要的环境因子在月尺度上才突显出来,前一年7月和当年2月的径流补给对胡杨径向生长有极大的促进作用。因此,在黑河统一调度管理过程中,可通过适度调增2月和7月洪水的下泄量来满足胡杨径向生长对水分的需求。 相似文献
3.
Leaf traits can directly reflect the adaptation strategies of plants to the environment. However, there is limited knowledge on the adaptation strategies of heteromorphic leaves of male and female Populus euphratica Oliv. in response to individual developmental stages (i.e., diameter class) and canopy height changes. In this study, morphological and physiological properties of heteromorphic leaves of male and female P. euphratica were investigated. Results showed that both male and female P. euphratica exhibited increased leaf area (LA), leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf thickness (LT), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs), proline (Pro), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, decreased leaf shape index (LI) and specific leaf area (SLA) with increasing diameter and canopy height. Leaf water potential (LWP) increased with increasing diameter, LWP decreased significantly with increasing canopy height in both sexes, and carbon isotope fraction (δ13C) increased significantly with canopy height in both sexes, all of which showed obvious resistance characteristics. However, males showed greater LA, LT, Pn, Tr, and Pro than females at the same canopy height, and males showed significantly higher LA, SLA, LT, Pn, Tr, gs, and MDA, but lower LWP and δ13C than females at the same canopy height, suggesting that male P. euphratica have stronger photosynthetic and osmoregulatory abilities, and are sensitive to water deficiency. Moreover, difference between male and female P. euphratica is closely related to the increase in individual diameter class and canopy height. In summary, male plants showed higher stress tolerance than female plants, and differences in Pn, gs, Tr, Pro, MDA, δ13C, and LWP between females and males were related to changes in leaf morphology, diameter class, and canopy height. The results of this study provide a theory for the differences in growth adaptation strategies during individual development of P. euphratica. 相似文献
4.
为了明确我国落选短体线虫群体的遗传多样性,利用mtCOI基因标记对落选短体线虫9个地理群体的遗传结构及遗传分化进行分析。结果显示,9个地理群体中共得到101条mtCOI序列,发现28个碱基变异位点,形成14个单倍型。其中,H1单倍型最常见,为7个地理群体的59个个体共有,推测其可能为祖先单倍型。全部地理群体在物种水平呈现中等遗传多样性(HT = 0.706±0.131),聚类分析显示其可分为类群Ⅰ与类群Ⅱ两个类群,AMOVA分析揭示落选短体线虫整体水平的遗传分化主要来源于种群间。Mantel检验表明落选短体线虫群体的遗传距离与地理距离存在正相关性,但是不同种群之间的遗传分化程度与地理距离没有显著关系。中性检验和错配分布检验均揭示落选短体线虫在整体水平和两个类群上的群体历史动态都处于相对稳定的状态。 相似文献
5.
The aims of this study were to explore the interspecific differences of Populus euphratica Oliv. and Populus pruinosa Schrenk populations and the intraspecific differences of males and females within the same species in flowering phenological traits, and the effects of temperatures on flowering phenological traits in different growth years (2001-2003 and 2013-2015). The results showed that P. euphratica population flowered earlier than P. pruinosa population. Moreover, flowering phenological period of population, number of days of flowering phenological period per population, number of days of flowering phenological period per plant and average number of days of flowering period per plant of P. euphratica population were less than those of P. pruinosa population. The differences between male and female within the same species indicated that the flowering periods of males P. euphratica and P. pruinosa populations were earlier than those of female plants. For both species, flowering phenological traits were significantly and negatively correlated with the average temperatures in previous ten days, previous one month and previous three months of flowering. Both species are sensitive to temperature changes and adjust to the changes by advancing the start of flowering and prolonging the duration of flowering. 相似文献
6.
BAZGIR Masoud 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):640-652
Plants are an important component in many natural ecosystems. They influence soil properties, especially in arid ecosystems. The selection of plant species based on their adaptations to site conditions is essential for rehabilitation of degraded sites and other construction sites such as check-dams. Other factors to be considered in species selection include their effects on soil properties and their abilities to meet other management objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of native (Populus euphratica Oliv. and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) and introduced (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC.) woody species on soil properties and carbon sequestration (CS) in an arid region of Iran. Soil sampling was collected at three soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) at the sites located under each woody species canopy and in an open area in 2017. Soil physical-chemical property was analyzed in the laboratory. The presence of a woody species changed soil characteristics and soil CS, compared with the open area. For example, the presence of a woody species caused a decrease in soil bulk density, of which the lowest value was observed under E. camaldulensis (1.38 g/cm3) compared with the open area (1.59 g/cm3). Also, all woody species significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, and introduced species had more significant effect than native species. The results showed that CS significantly increased under the canopy of all woody species in a decreasing order of P. euphratica (9.08 t/hm2)>E. camaldulensis (8.37 t/hm2)>P. juliflora (5.20 t/hm2)>T. ramosissima (2.93 t/hm2)>open area (1.33 t/hm2), thus demonstrating the positive effect of a woody species on CS. Although the plantation of non-native species had some positive effects on soil properties, we recommend increasing species diversity in plantations of native and introduced woody species to provide more diversity for the increased ecosystem services, resilience, health and long-term productivity. 相似文献
7.
为了解太子参蚕豆萎蔫病毒2(Broad bean wilt virus 2,BBWV2)的遗传多样性及分子进化关系,本研究对5个不同地理来源的6份太子参病叶样品进行了BBWV2外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因的RT-PCR扩增和克隆。序列分析结果表明,所得13条太子参BBWV2 CP基因序列均为1 345 bp,其核苷酸序列同一性在81.0%~99.0%之间,氨基酸序列同一性在93.5%~99.3%之间;核苷酸多样性为0.084 00;存在280个核苷酸多态性位点,其中232个为地域特异性位点;总变异数为278个,其中同义突变29个,异义突变249个。不同地理来源的太子参BBWV2分离物之间遗传分化程度较高,基因交流不频繁,遗传漂变可能导致分离物间明显的遗传分化。在系统进化树中,太子参分离物的聚类呈现出明显的地域特异性,江苏、贵州、湖南、福建分离物均聚类在I-a亚组,而山东分离物聚类在II-c亚组,遗传距离较远。研究表明,太子参BBW V2存在很高的遗传变异,基因突变是其产生遗传多样性的主要驱动力,而地理因素与其具有较高的核苷酸多样性密切相关。 相似文献
8.
Samia S CORTéS 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):717-729
The replacement of native dry forests by commercial (exotic) tree plantations could generate changes in rainfall partitioning, which further affects the water cycle. In this study, we determined (i) the rainfall partitioning into interception, throughfall and stemflow, (ii) the role of rainfall event size on rainfall partitioning, (iii) the pH of water channelized as throughfall and stemflow, and (iv) the runoff in Lithraea molleoides (a native species) and Pinus elliottii (an exotic species) stands in the dry Chaco mountain forests, central Argentina. On average, interception, throughfall and stemflow accounted for 19.3%, 79.5% and 1.2% of the gross rainfall in L. molleoides stand, and 32.6%, 66.7% and 0.7% of the gross rainfall in P. elliottii stand, respectively. Amounts of interception, throughfall and stemflow presented positive linear relationships with the increment of rainfall event size for both tree species (P<0.01 in all cases). Percentages of interception, throughfall and stemflow were all related to the increment of rainfall event size, showing different patterns. With increasing rainfall event size, interception exponentially decreased, throughfall asymptotically increased and stemflow linearly increased. Both P. elliottii and L. molleoides stands presented significant differences in the pH values of water channelized as throughfall (6.3 vs. 6.7, respectively; P<0.01) and stemflow (4.5 vs. 5.8, respectively; P<0.01). Runoff occupied only 0.3% of the gross rainfall in P. elliottii stand and was zero in L. molleoides stand. Our results showed that the native species L. molleoides presented 13.6% more water reaching the topsoil (i.e., net rainfall; net rainfall=gross rainfall-interception-runoff) than the exotic species P. elliottii. This study improves our understanding of the effects of native vegetation replacement on the local water balance in the dry forest ecosystems. 相似文献
9.
利用筛选的11条ISSR引物对从我国柑橘主产区和国外收集的135株叶点霉属真菌菌株进行扩增,扩增产物进行凝胶电泳,扩增图谱用NTSYS-pc2.10软件进行群体聚类分析。结果显示,共扩增出116个DNA条带,其中多态性位点为112个,多态率为96.55%;平均每个引物可以扩增出10.55个条带,扩增产物大小在250~3 000 bp。聚类分析显示,中国柑橘叶点霉属真菌可以分为4个种,即P.citricarpa、P.citriasiana、P.capitalensis和P.citrichinaensis。以遗传相似性系数0.97为阈值时,柑橘黑斑病病原菌(P.citricarpa)种群可分为5个亚类,subclade-I的菌株来自中国的本地早、温州蜜柑、槾橘和南丰蜜橘,subclade-II的菌株均来自中国的砂糖橘,subclade-III的菌株来自非洲莫桑比克柠檬和葡萄柚、佛罗里达甜橙、南非甜橙和来自杭州市场上进口的澳橘,subclade-IV的菌株来自中国的甜橙,subclade-V的菌株来自中国的柠檬,表明我国柑橘黑斑病病原菌具有丰富的遗传变异,其遗传变异与寄主相关;我国与国外的柑橘黑斑病病原菌在起源上可能存在差异。P.citriasiana、P.capitalensis和P.citrichinaensis种群内也存在遗传变异,但其遗传变异与地理分布和寄主未发现相关性。该研究结果为研究柑橘叶点霉属真菌的遗传多样性奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
M M HASOBA Ahmed 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):609-617
Savanna woodlands in Sudan host great biodiversity, provide a plethora of ecosystem goods and services to local communities, and sustain numerous ecological functions. Although the importance of the Acacia trees in these areas is well known, up-to-date information about these woodlands' diversity is limited and changes in their woody vegetation composition, density, diversity and relative frequency are not monitored over time. This study explored tree diversity and stand stage structure in Nuara Reserved Forest, a typical savanna woodland ecosystem in southeastern Sudan. A total of 638 circular sample plots (1000 m2 for each) were established using a systematic sampling grid method. The distance between plots was 200 m. In each plot, all living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5.00 cm were identified and counted, and their DBH values were recorded. From these data, tree composition, diversity, density and stage structure were assessed. There were 12,259 individual trees representing four species (Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia Senegal and Acacia mellifera) that belong to two families. The dominant species was Acacia seyal. Average tree density was 191 trees/hm2 and the Shannon-Weiner index for trees diversity was 0.204. Overall, young trees comprised 86.30% of the forest. The state of tree richness and density in the study area was low compared to other similar environments in the region and around the world. We recommended adoption of a proper management system that includes monitoring of woody vegetation diversity in this forest, and management actions to enhance tree diversity and sustain ecosystem services to local communities. In addition to care for the dominant Acacia seyal stands, more attention and conservation should be devoted to reestablishing Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera trees because of their high ecological and economic values for local communities. 相似文献
11.
不同释放密度下红颈常室茧蜂对冬枣园绿盲蝽的寄生效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg是绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum（Meyer-Dür）若虫的重要内寄生性天敌。2013-2014年,在山东省沾化县冬枣园开展应用红颈常室茧蜂控制绿盲蝽若虫的田间释放技术研究。结果发现,田间单株罩笼以蜂虫比1：50、1：100和1：200连续3次释放红颈常室茧蜂成蜂,2年对绿盲蝽的平均寄生率分别为77.8%、63.8%和39.5%;2年3种放蜂比例连续3次放蜂对绿盲蝽的平均寄生率达60.4%,显著高于单次放蜂的寄生效果;大田3次释放红颈常室茧蜂蛹,按蜂虫比1：20连续3次放蜂,后续3个月调查结果表明放蜂园的平均寄生率为32.2%,是对照枣园的9.5倍。说明人工释放红颈常室茧蜂可以持续、有效地控制枣园绿盲蝽种群发生。 相似文献
12.
Yakun TANG 《干旱区科学》2018,10(6):833-849
It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions, as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics in semi-arid regions. In this study, the normalized sap flow (SFn), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gs), and photosynthetic rate (Pr) were monitored for two dominant species, i.e., Pinus tabuliformis and Hippophae rhamnoides, in both pure and mixed plantations in a semi-arid region of Chinese Loess Plateau. A threshold-delay model showed that the lower rainfall thresholds (RL) for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides in pure plantations were 9.6 and 11.0 mm, respectively, and the time lags (τ) after rainfall were 1.15 and 1.76 d for corresponding species, respectively. The results indicated that P. tabuliformis was more sensitive to rainfall pulse than H. rhamnoides. In addition, strong stomatal control allowed P. tabuliformis to experience low gs and Pr in response to drought, while maintaining a high midday leaf water potential (Ψm). However, H. rhamnoides maintained high gs and Pr at a low Ψm expense. Therefore, P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides can be considered as isohydric and anisohydric species, respectively. In mixed plantation, the values of RL for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides were 6.5 and 8.9 mm, respectively; and the values of τ were 0.86 and 1.61 d for corresponding species, respectively, which implied that mixed afforestation enhanced the rainfall pulse sensitivity for both two species, especially for P. tabuliformis. In addition, mixed afforestation significantly reduced SFn, gs, and Pr for P. tabuliformis (P<0.05), while maintaining a high leaf water potential status. However, no significant effect of mixed afforestation of H. rhamnoides was observed at the expense of leaf water potential status in response to drought. Although inconsistent physiological responses were adopted by these species, the altered water consumption characteristics, especially for P. tabuliformis indicated that the mixed afforestation requires further investigation. 相似文献
13.
为开发烟草疫霉的SSR分子标记,利用MISA软件搜索烟草疫霉基因组序列中的 SSR位点,共发现1 311个SSR位点,优势SSR位点为二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别占总 SSR 位点的56.45%和39.36%;根据分析到的SSR位点使用Primer 5.0软件设计48对SSR引物,以7株烟草疫霉的DNA 为模板对这些引物进行筛选,共获得扩增条带清晰且具有多态性的SSR引物20对,然后使用其中的6对SSR对32株烟草疫霉进行UPGMA聚类分析,遗传相似系数在 0.60~1.00 之间,在相似系数0.70水平上,可将其划分为3个类群,类群I包含29个菌株,类群II包含1个菌株,类群III包含2个菌株,显示出较低的遗传分化水平。这些SSR引物的开发将为研究我国烟草疫霉的遗传多样性、群体遗传结构以及遗传图谱构建等奠定基础。 相似文献
14.
为明确陕西省小麦白粉菌群体的毒性频率和遗传多样性,利用34个含有已知抗白粉病基因的小麦品种(系)和5对多态性ISSR分子标记,分别对2016年渭南、西安、咸阳、宝鸡、汉中和安康等6市的15个乡镇160个小麦白粉菌单孢子堆菌株进行毒性频率分析。结果显示:供试小麦白粉菌群体对Pm1、Pm2、Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm3f、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm19和Pm1+2+19的毒性频率在60%~100%之间,表明这些抗性基因已丧失抗性,在生产上已经丧失利用价值,对Pm4b、Pm24、Pm2+6、Pm2+Mld、Pm2+6+?、Pm4b+Mli、Pm"Era"、Pm"XBD"和Pm21的毒性频率低于20%,表明这些抗性基因抗性良好,可在生产中利用。选取其中93个单孢子堆菌株进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明白粉菌地理群体间遗传距离在0.020 4~0.103 7之间,其中宝鸡和渭南群体的遗传距离最近,汉中和咸阳群体的遗传距离最远。群体间遗传变异占总体变异的12.82%,群体内遗传变异占87.12%,表明遗传变异主要来自于群体内。Mantel Test分析表明,小麦白粉菌群体间遗传距离与地理距离相关性不大。 相似文献
15.
Riparian vegetation belts in arid regions of Central Asia are endangered to lose their ecosystem services due to intensified land use.For the development of sustained land use,management knowledge of plant performance in relation to resource supply is needed.We estimated productivity related functional traits at the edges of the habitat of Populus euphratica Oliv.Specific leaf area(SLA) and carbon/nitrogen(C/N) ratio of P.euphratica leaves growing near a former river bank and close to moving sand dunes in the Ebinur Lake National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang,Northwest China(near Kazakhstan) were determined and daily courses of CO2 net assimilation(PN),transpiration(E),and stomatal conductance(gs) of two consecutive seasons were measured during July-August 2007 and June-July 2008.Groundwater level was high(1.5-2.5 m below ground) throughout the years and no flooding occurred at the two tree stands.SLA was slightly lower near the desert than at the former river bank and leaves contained less N in relation to C.Highest E and g s of P.euphratica were reached in the morning before noon on both stands and a second low maximum occurred in the afternoon despite of the unchanged high levels of air to leaf water vapor pressure deficit(ALVPD).Decline of g s in P.euphratica was followed by decrease of E.Water use efficiency(WUE) of leaves near the desert were higher in the morning and the evening,in contrast to leaves from the former river bank that maintained an almost stable level throughout the day.High light compensation points and high light saturation levels of PN indicated the characteristics of leaves well-adapted to intensive irradiation at both stands.In general,leaves of P.euphratica decreased their g s beyond 20 Pa/kPa ALVPD in order to limit water losses.Decrease of E did not occur in both stands until 40 Pa/kPa ALVPD was reached.Full stomatal closure of P.euphratica was achieved at 60 Pa/kPa ALVPD in both stands.E through the leaf surface amounted up to 30% of the highest E rates,indicating dependence on water recharge from the ground despite of obviously closed stomata.A distinct leaf surface temperature(Tleaf) threshold of around 30℃ also existed before stomata started to close.Generally,the differences in gas exchange between both stands were small,which led to the conclusion that micro-climatic constraints to E and photosynthesis were not the major factors for declining tree density with increasing distance from the river. 相似文献
16.
冬青卫茅根腐(疫)病 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从杭州、南京冬青卫茅(Euonymus japonicus L.)根腐病株上分离到8个疫霉菌株,鉴定为三个种:Phytophthora meadii,P.palmivora,P.citropkthora。冬青卫茅是P.meadii、P.Palmivora、P.citrophthora新寄主。P.meadii主要分布在杭州,P.palmivora和P.citrophthora主要分布在南京.地下水位高、土壤积水可能是影响该病发生的主要环境因素. 相似文献
17.
明确葱轮作后对三七连作土壤微生物的影响,为利用葱与三七轮作缓解三七连作障碍提供依据。本研究在三七连作土上连续种植两茬小葱,以休耕连作土壤为对照,采用细菌16S rRNA和真菌ITS区测序,研究葱轮作后对土壤微生物多样性、物种组成及关键微生物的影响;然后分离可培养的关键细菌假单胞菌属,验证其对三七根腐病菌的拮抗功能。结果表明,葱轮作后显著提高了三七连作土壤细菌和真菌的丰富度,两种处理后的细菌和真菌在PCoA图上均能明显分开。门水平上,葱轮作后细菌变形菌门的相对丰度显著增加,酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门等显著降低;真菌子囊菌门的相对丰度显著降低,担子菌门显著增加。LEfSe分析表明,变形菌门及其下属的假单胞菌属等关键细菌在葱轮作后丰度显著增加,丛赤壳科中可以引起三七根腐的Fusarium和Ilyonectria等真菌在轮作后丰度降低。从轮作土壤中分离到22株假单胞菌,其中15株铜绿假单胞菌对三七根腐病菌有较好的拮抗效果。综上,葱轮作可以显著改善三七连作土壤的微生物状况,有益菌相对丰度增加而根腐病原菌相对丰度降低。利用葱与三七轮作对缓解三七连作障碍具有一定的潜力。 相似文献
18.
Donghui CHENG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(1):98-108
Groundwater is a significant component of the hydrological cycle in arid and semi-arid areas. Its evapotranspiration is an important part of the water budget because many plants are groundwater-dependent. To restore the degraded ecosystems, the need is pressing to further our understanding of the groundwater evapotranspiration (ETg) in arid and semi-arid areas. This study employed the White method to estimate ETgat four sites in the Mu Us Sandy Land in northern China, and the four sites are covered by Salix psammophila(SP site), Artemisia ordosica(AO site), Poplar alba (PA site), and Carexenervis(CE site), respectively. The depth of groundwater table and the duration of drainage were taken into account in calculating the specific yield (Sy) to improve the accuracy of the ETgestimats. Our results showed that from late May to early November 2013 the ETg were 361.87 (SP site), 372.53 (AO site), 597.86 (PA site) and 700.76 mm (CE site), respectively. The estimated ETg rate was also species-dependent and the descending order of the ETg rate for the four vegetation was: C. enervis, P. alba, A. ordosica, and S. psammophila. In addition, the depth of groundwater table has an obvious effect on the ETg rate and the effect varied with the vegetation types. Furthermore, the evapotranspiration for the vegetation solely relying on the water supply from unsaturated layers above the groundwater table was much less than that for the vegetation heavily relying on the water supply from shallow aquifers. 相似文献
19.
淡紫拟青霉Paecilomyces lilacinus在线虫生物防治上表现出巨大的潜力，但大规模生产技术的不成熟以及产品货架期短限制其工业化生产。为获得淡紫拟青霉M-1固体发酵的最佳条件，并建立其规模化生产工艺，本研究采用单因素和正交试验对淡紫拟青霉M-1固体发酵培养的组成、发酵条件以及烘干条件进行了优化，结果表明淡紫拟青霉M-1固体发酵最佳的培养基组成为麸皮：玉米粉为1：1、蔗糖添加量5%、尿素添加量0.1%、硫酸铵添加量0.1%、料水比1：0.67，固体发酵最佳的培养条件为培养温度28℃、培养时间为7 d、液体接种量为5%、固体接种量为0.5%，固体菌剂最适烘干条件为在35℃烘干24 h，在此条件下淡紫拟青霉M-1固体菌剂的有效活菌数为9.47×109 CFU/g。在此基础上，基于自动化种曲机，建立淡紫拟青霉M-1规模化固体发酵工艺，并通过3个批次规模化生产进行验证，获得将近2 t淡紫拟青霉M-1固体菌剂产品，菌剂有效活菌数能达到15.6×109 CFU/g，杂菌率极低（<0.01%），水分含量为9.68%。由此说明，该工艺可用于淡紫拟青霉M-1工业化生产，且产品质量优异。 相似文献
20.
艾比湖流域生态环境质量评价 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
艾比湖流域是我国西北内陆干旱区生态退化最严重的区域之一,上世纪50年代以来,随着流域的开发和气候变迁,湖泊水域面积剧减,湖周平原区呈现了沙漠化扩展、次生盐渍化严重和自然植被大量衰败等生态环境问题。研究分析认为,形成这些问题的根源(驱动力)是:1)持续的干旱和大风等气候特征控制了生态环境的总体面貌;2)地质地貌控制了生态环境的空间格局;3)水文状态特别是地下水控制了生态环境系统的演化方向和生态结构与功能,地表水、地下水、土壤水和大气降水均以各自的方式影响着流域的植被和生态;4)人类水资源利用和土地开发影响了生态环境的规模和稳定性。以此为基础,用各自的表征指标构成基于驱动力的生态环境质量评价指标体系。利用Matlab中的径向基神经网络模型定量评价了流域的生态环境质量,结果表明流域生态环境从山地向平原到湖泊逐渐变差,最差的地段是艾比湖湖滨的盐土平原、沼泽湿地,这说明保护艾比湖是该地区生态环境的核心问题,要实现流域协调发展必须保证足够的入湖水量。 相似文献