首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
为了研究冻融期水氮用量对土壤硝态氮迁移及累积的影响,设置了两个灌水量(375、750 m~3·hm~(-2))、三个施肥水平(100、300 kg·hm~(-2)和500 kg·hm~(-2))组成6种水氮组合,进行田间冬灌试验。结果表明,水氮处理显著增加了相变区(0~60 cm)土壤硝态氮水平,各处理下硝态氮累积量差异显著。未冻期和冻结期0~60 cm土壤硝态氮累积量随水、氮量的增加而增加,消融期硝态氮累积量随肥量的增加而增加。冻结前、后期土壤剖面聚氮区(特指硝态氮)由0~30 cm逐渐下移至30~60 cm。硝态氮向相变区的迁移量随水氮量的增加而呈增加态势,在N500下迁移趋势更明显。封冻前0~30 cm土壤硝态氮的相对累积量随灌水量增加而降低,30~60 cm土层则增加。冻结期,随施氮量的增加,0~30 cm土层硝态氮相对累积量增加,30~60 cm土层则降低。消融期0~30 cm土层硝态氮相对累积量随施氮量的增加而增加,随灌水量的增加而减少,而30~60 cm土层则呈现相反规律。  相似文献   

2.
覆膜种植技术已在旱作农区大面积推广,为了探明覆膜种植模式下科学合理的施肥水平,尽量减少土壤氮素残留与淋溶,采用田间定位试验,设全膜双垄沟播(F)、半膜平作(H)和裸地平作(O) 3种种植方式,配套优化施肥(OPT)、农民习惯施肥(FP)和不施肥(CK) 3种施肥水平,测定了春玉米各生育时期的土壤硝态氮含量,分析了不同处理的土壤硝态氮残留量、分布以及动态变化。结果表明:土壤中硝态氮残留累积量随着氮肥用量的增加而增加,0～200 cm土壤中硝态氮残留量最高可达428.3 kg·hm~(-2),OPT和FP处理的硝态氮平均累积量分别是CK的7.6和4.4倍;覆膜种植可以减少氮素残留,以全膜双垄沟播尤为明显;裸地平作下长期施氮容易出现硝态氮的残留,其主要残留在60～140 cm土层中,100 cm土层附近最高。两种覆膜种植方式下,随着玉米生育期的推进,0～200 cm土壤硝态氮含量逐渐降低,收获时土壤硝态氮残留量保持在较低水平,而在裸地平作下施氮后硝态氮含量始终维持在较高水平,收获期残留量高。因此,在OPT施肥水平下,配合全膜双垄沟播可以提高氮素利用效率,减少土壤硝态氮下层淋溶,降低因高施氮导致的土壤硝态氮累积。  相似文献   

3.
缓释尿素对土壤和玉米植株氮素及干物质和产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验在等量普通尿素、磷、钾肥(纯N 60、P_2O_5120、K_2O 90 kg·hm~(-2))作种肥一次性施入玉米种下8 cm基础上,在拔节期前施入不同类型缓释尿素(纯N记160 kg·hm~(-2)),采用随机区组设4个施氮处理:树脂包膜尿素(A);硫包膜尿素(B);植物油包膜尿素(C);普通尿素(CK)。测定玉米整个生育期0～20 cm土层中硝态氮、铵态氮和全氮含量,测定植株不同器官干物质量和氮含量。结果表明缓释尿素可以提高玉米生育后期土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,与普通尿素相比处理A、B、C灌浆期分别提高硝态氮20.37、29.76、5.18 mg·kg~(-1)和铵态氮8.19、2.31、1.85 mg·kg~(-1),成熟期分别提高硝态氮5.50、5.93、2.04 mg·kg~(-1)和铵态氮7.12、3.39、1.02 mg·kg~(-1);土壤全氮含量灌浆期提高0.22、0.11、0.05 mg·kg~(-1),成熟期提高0.20、0.20、0.01 mg·kg~(-1);与对照相比树脂包膜尿素(A)、硫包膜尿素(B)、植物油包膜尿素(C)干物质积累量和氮素积累量分别提高89.41、60.92、48.97 g·株-1和73.12、51.60、34.84 kg·hm~(-2),成熟期籽粒氮素吸收量提高56.98、43.58、29.36 kg·hm~(-2);缓释尿素处理较普通尿素处理增产2.22%～18.82%。三种缓释尿素处理相比较,树脂包膜尿素施用有效提高了生育后期土壤氮素含量、植株干物质积累、氮素积累和产量,施用效果最佳。  相似文献   

4.
以田间试验方法研究了玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对后茬冬小麦产量和小麦生育期土壤硝态氮累积量的影响。试验采用裂区设计,主处理包括玉米秸秆还田(S1)和不还田(S0)2个处理,副处理为5个不同施氮水平,分别为0、84、168、252 kg·hm~(-2)和336 kg·hm~(-2)。结果表明,施氮量较低时(分别低于99 kg·hm~(-2)和79 kg·hm~(-2)时),秸秆还田处理小麦产量低于秸秆不还田处理,施氮量较高时则相反;两条氮肥肥效曲线呈相交规律。施氮252 kg·hm~(-2)时,秸秆还田处理分别增产9.5%和2.1%,施氮336 kg·hm~(-2)时,秸秆还田处理分别增产7.0%和5.6%。冬小麦冬前分蘖期土壤硝态氮主要累积在0~40 cm土层;施氮量高于84 kg·hm~(-2)时,秸秆还田处理硝态氮累积量有高于相同施氮量下不还田处理的趋势,其中0~20 cm土层N336+秸秆还田处理硝态氮累积量比不还田处理提高25%(武功试验地)。冬小麦返青期土壤硝态氮较冬前分蘖期大幅降低,此期秸秆还田处理0~20 cm土层硝态氮累积量有低于秸秆不还田处理的趋势。周至县连续三年田间试验结果表明,秸秆还田处理冬小麦收获期土壤硝态氮累积量有高于秸秆不还田处理的趋势,不施氮肥处理0~1 m土层秸秆还田比不还田处理累积量显著提高43.4%。秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和土壤硝态氮累积量的影响与施氮量有关,施氮量较低时秸秆还田条件下冬小麦返青期土壤硝态氮含量较低,引起作物速效氮供应的短期(返青期追施氮肥前)缺乏,影响小麦生长,进而导致小麦减产。连续秸秆还田处理有利于小麦收获期2 m土壤硝态氮累积,减少向下淋溶。  相似文献   

5.
水肥供应对温室滴灌施肥番茄生长及水氮利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用温室小区试验,以番茄"惠玉0806"为供试品种,研究了不同水肥供应对温室滴灌施肥番茄的生长、产量及水氮利用的影响。试验设3个灌水水平:高水I1(100%ET0)、中水I2(75%ET0)和低水I3(50%ET0);以及3个施肥水平:高肥F1(N 480 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5240 kg·hm~(-2)、K_2O 300 kg·hm~(-2)),中肥F2(N 360 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5180 kg·hm~(-2)、K_2O 225 kg·hm~(-2))和低肥F3(N 240 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5120 kg·hm~(-2)、K_2O 150 kg·hm~(-2)),共9个处理。结果表明:当水肥供应模式为I2F2时,茎粗增长量、产量、干物质累积量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均最高,其值依次为10.3 mm、102 042.3 kg·hm~(-2)、37 192.3 kg·hm~(-2)、352.8 kg·mm-1·hm~(-2)和372.6 kg·mm-1,并进一步提高了其氮肥偏生产力(133.4 kg·kg~(-1)),同时使得其成熟期0~50 cm土层残留硝态氮含量较低(105.3 mg·kg~(-1))。灌水量低的处理(I3)产量降低的同时,增加了土层残留硝态氮含量;充分灌水(I1)处理较之于I2处理主要降低了水分利用率,而土壤残留硝态氮累积量无差异。从总体变化趋势看,中水中肥(I2F2)模式在高产高效的同时,可降低土壤残留硝态氮含量,可认为是基于本试验条件下较适宜的水肥组合。  相似文献   

6.
针对黄土高原半干旱区春玉米全膜双垄沟播栽培中施肥不科学和氮肥利用率低的问题,研究不同施氮量对春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮及氮肥利用率的影响。采用2011—2012年两年田间定位试验,设置0、135、180、225、270 kg·hm~(-2)和360 kg·hm~(-2)六个施氮量,探讨不同施氮水平对作物和环境的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,玉米产量先增加后降低。2011年施氮量180 kg·hm~(-2)时玉米子粒产量达到最大,为4 922.22 kg·hm~(-2),显著高于N135,与N225、N270差异不显著;2012年施氮量225 kg·hm~(-2)时,玉米子粒产量达到最大,为10 267.06 kg·hm~(-2),与对照及其它施氮处理差异不显著。硝态氮累积量在200 cm土层中随氮素投入量的增加而显著增加,随种植年限的增加各处理间差异增大。2011年N180、N225、N270、N360处理间硝态氮累积量差异均不显著,但显著高于N135处理;2012年各施氮处理间硝态氮累积量差异相互显著,N360累积量高达615.50 kg·hm~(-2)。玉米氮肥吸收利用率随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,施氮量为180 kg·hm~(-2)时,氮肥吸收利用率达到25.13%。适宜的施氮量能提高玉米产量及氮肥利用率,并且200 cm土层内硝态氮累积量较低,对环境的潜在危害较小。  相似文献   

7.
以玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,于2018―2019年在甘肃省武威市黄羊镇黄羊村,研究了不施氮肥(CK)、农户施肥、减氮施肥、农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)和减氮施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)5种方式下玉米产量、产量构成因素、氮肥利用效率、0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量的差异。结果表明,与农户施肥相比,减氮施肥在氮肥施用量减少20%的基础上,春玉米产量没有显著降低,氮肥利用率显著提高了24.6%,且收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量降低了25.7%;农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)处理产量显著提高了15.5%,氮肥农学效率、氮肥利用率、氮素收获指数分别显著提高了120.3%、33.54%、9.06%,且收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量降低了26.7%;减氮施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)处理春玉米产量没有降低,收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量降低了46.0%,但氮肥利用率较减氮施肥显著降低了12.9%。研究结果表明在凉州灌区减氮施肥和农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)能够在保证春玉米产量的同时,促进春玉米对氮肥的吸收,降低春玉米收获后土层硝态氮残留,其中农户施肥添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)更能够显著提高春玉米产量,具有推广价值。  相似文献   

8.
在陕西杨凌选择3个新建大棚,采用田间试验方法研究了不同施肥处理(常规施肥、配方施肥1和配方施肥2)对番茄产量,及番茄种植前和收获后土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾和电导率等基本性质的影响。与农户常规施肥相比,配方施肥1和2处理氮、磷及钾肥用量分别减少9%～40%、26%～46%和18%～47%时,番茄产量并未显著变化,说明常规施肥处理存在肥料过量施用问题;与种植前相比,种植一季番茄后耕层(0～20 cm)土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷及速效钾含量均有不同程度增加,其中有机质和有效磷含量均达显著水平,增加幅度分别为25%和460%;0～100 cm土层电导率也有不同程度的增加;0～100 cm土层矿质氮含量显著增加,平均增加幅度为182%;0～200 cm土层硝态氮累积量平均达727 kg/hm2。新建日光温室存在过量施肥现象,由此带来的硝态氮及有效磷在土壤中的大量累积问题值得关注。  相似文献   

9.
不同肥料类型对土壤硝态氮时空变异的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
采用土柱法研究不同肥料类型对土壤硝态氮时空分布动态的影响.结果表明,在不同肥料类型处理下,各土层中硝态氮含量出现峰值约在灌浆盛期,低谷在扬花期.在不同土层中,0～20 cm土层中硝态氮含量最高,并随土壤剖面深度的加深而下降.配施肥料处理中0～20 cm土层的硝态氮含量各生育时期均最高,20～40 cm除灌浆盛期和成熟期外也以配施处理最高,40～120 cm土层中硝态氮含量在处理间无明显规律.土壤硝态氮主要累积在0～40 cm土层中,深层土壤中含量较少.尿素处理下,0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层中硝态氮含量分别占全生育期1.2 m土层总含量的5.6%和24.9%;有机肥处理下,分别占23.8%和24.8%;配施处理下,分别占8.2%和20.2%.1.2 m土体中的硝态氮含量在小麦生长旺盛期降低,生育后期升高.三种肥料类型处理,1.2 m深处硝态氮含量最高值为3.441 mg/kg,最低值为0.944 mg/kg,基本不存在由于淋失造成地下水污染的可能性.综合考虑小麦产量、品质与生态环境效益,三种肥料类型以尿素与有机肥配施为最佳.  相似文献   

10.
栽培模式、施氮量对旱作春玉米农田矿质氮和产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究了旱地不同栽培模式(全膜双垄沟和传统种植模式)和施氮量(0、170、200、230 kg·hm~(-2))对春玉米生长期间矿质氮和产量的影响。结果表明:不同处理条件下,硝态氮主要分布在0~40 cm土层,施氮量越高土壤中硝态氮的含量也就越高,随土层深度增加硝态氮含量降低;不同栽培模式对土壤中硝态氮的分布有明显影响,全膜双垄沟模式有助于玉米植株高效吸收利用土壤中的氮素,施氮量为0、170、200、230 kg·hm~(-2)处理的吸氮量分别提高了89.3%、51.1%、66.6%和102.8%,所有处理的吸氮量平均提高77.4%,从而减少土壤硝态氮的残留,而传统种植模式的玉米植株利用土壤氮素效率低,易造成硝态氮残留在土壤中,当遇到强降雨时硝态氮的淋洗现象严重,将硝态氮迁至作物无法吸收利用的土壤深度,造成资源浪费;而铵态氮在土壤中不易迁移,施氮量、栽培模式及玉米不同生育时期对铵态氮在土壤剖面中的分布几乎没有影响;玉米的植株吸氮量与玉米产量成正比,施氮处理植株吸氮量与产量显著高于不施氮处理,但是不同施氮处理间的差异不显著。全膜双垄沟模式下春玉米的最佳施氮量为200 kg·hm~(-2),而传统种植模式下的最佳施氮量为170 kg·hm~(-2),且在干旱地区宜采用全膜双垄沟栽培模式种植春玉米。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

19.
Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.  相似文献   

20.
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号