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1.
海州湾前三岛海域底层鱼类群落结构特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
2013年5月至2014年4月,对前三岛海域底层鱼类群落采样调查共渔获鱼类6目15科22种。大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)、斑头鱼(Hexagrammos agrammus)和星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)等属于常年性岩礁鱼类,是该区域鱼类群落的优势种。花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)、大头鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)、鲹科和鲭科种类为季节性洄游鱼类。应用典范对应分析(CCA)方法分析了环境因子对鱼类群落结构的影响,结果表明,鱼类时空分布主要受底层水温和底层水体溶解氧含量的影响。斑头鱼、五带高鳍鰕虎鱼(Pterogobius zacalles)、褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、铠平鲉(Sebastes hubbsi)、鲐(Scomber japonicus)和高体鰤(Seriola dumerili)资源量与底层水温密切正相关;大头鳕和大泷六线鱼资源量与底层水体溶解氧含量关系最为密切,且大头鳕仅分布在低温季节具有较高溶解氧的深水区;许氏平鲉和星康吉鳗分布区域广泛。基于稳定氮同位素法确定了鱼类营养级,常年性岩礁鱼类位于第三营养级和第四营养级,属于中级肉食性和高级肉食性鱼类;花鲈和大头鳕处于最高营养级(4.0),是顶级捕食者。  相似文献   

2.

Telomeres, repeating TTAGGG sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, increase genomic stability. Telomere shortening occurs not only during DNA replication associated with cell division but also under oxidative stress, where reactive oxygen species damage DNA. Therefore, changes in telomere length can be used to evaluate chronic cost or stress responses incurred by individuals. The phylogenetically unique Chondrichthyes are among the least-studied groups of marine vertebrates. Telomere data are limited and have only been reported in a few Chondrichthyes species. In this study, we measured telomere length and quantified oxidative stress and antioxidant power in 17 Chondrichthyes species whose telomere length has not been measured before. The presence of telomere sequences?>?30 bp and lower values of oxidative stress were confirmed in most species. Average telomere length was not correlated with oxidative stress and antioxidant power in 15 species for which both measurements were available. It would be desirable in the future to elucidate the nature of telomeres in Chondrichthyes, and their direct relationship with reactive oxygen species.

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3.
In the current study, laboratory evaluations were made to assess the immunomodulatory effect of cypermethrin on fingerlings of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Results showed that 96-h LC50 of cypermethrin in common carp was estimated at 0.85 μg/L. Fish were exposed for 21 days to cypermethrin at three sub-lethal concentrations of 0.042, 0.085, and 0.17 μg/L that represented 5, 10, and 20%, respectively, of the 96-h LC50 of the pesticide for this fish species. Blood samples were taken after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure. Immunological indices and resistance against bacterial infection were determined. Compared to the control group, the fish exposed to cypermethrin showed a significant increase in neutrophil ratio but exhibited a significant decrease in leukocyte number and lymphocyte ratio in treatments exposed to 0.17 and/or 0.085 μg/L after 21 days of exposure (p < 0.05). Serum protein level was significantly decreased in group exposed to 0.17 μg/L on day 14 and also in groups exposed to 0.085 and 0.17 μg/L on day 21 (p < 0.05). Immunoglobulin value was significantly reduced in groups exposed to 0.085 and 0.17 μg/L after 21 days of exposure (p < 0.05). Serum lysozyme activity and phagocytic activity were significantly decreased following exposure to 0.17 μg/L determined on days 14 and 21, post-exposure (p < 0.05). Mortality rate following the challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila significantly increased in fish exposed to 0.17 μg/L of cypermethrin. Overall, the present results indicate severe immunotoxicological effects of cypermethrin in common carp. Therefore, the use of cypermethrin in the proximities of common carp farms should be carefully considered.  相似文献   

4.
The white shrimp Penaeus setiferus is a potential species for culture in the Gulf of Mexico. It has been demonstrated that postlarval P. setiferus is a species sensitive to ammonia and nitrite. In this study, the effect of ammonia and nitrite on the oxygen consumption of Penaeus setiferus postlarvae subjected to different dissolved oxygen concentrations was investigated. Un-ionized ammonia tended to reduce the oxygen consumption of P. setiferus postlarvae. The addition of 0.4 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N modified the response of the postlarvae to lower dissolved oxygen levels. Exposure to 0.7 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N caused severe effects on the respiratory rate and it was lethal at low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Nitrite exposure decreased the respiratory rate of post-larvae in high dissolved oxygen concentrations, whereas postlarvae exposed to nitrite under hypoxic conditions showed higher oxygen consumption than unexposed animals. The decreases of the oxygen consumption induced by the interactive effect of ammonia or nitrite and low dissolved oxygen concentration indicate a harmful condition. The results indicate that P. setiferus postlarvae is a sensitive organism to the combined effect of un-ionized ammonia or nitrite and low dissolved oxygen concentrations.  相似文献   

5.
Silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), is an endemic species from Latin America that is raised in cultivation ponds, and consequently may be exposed to low oxygen levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the lethal concentration (CL50?96 h) of dissolved oxygen levels for silver catfish juveniles. In addition, the effects of different dissolved oxygen levels (1.96±0.08, 3.10±0.10, 4.14±0.09, 5.20±0.07 and 6.16±0.03 mg L?1) on growth and metabolic parameters (glycogen, glucose, protein, lactate levels and catalase activity) were also investigated. CL50?96 h was 0.52 mg L?1 (CI 0.42–0.61 mg L?1) or 6.7% oxygen saturation. After exposure of silver catfish to hypoxia for 30 days, there were no changes in biochemical parameters indicating the use of an anaerobic pathway by the fish. However, the dissolved oxygen levels influenced silver catfish juvenile behaviour, survival and growth, and under the experimental conditions 5.2 mg L?1 (or 65.6% oxygen saturation) is the minimum oxygen level recommended for the growth of this species.  相似文献   

6.
Some species of fish are more tolerant of rotenone, a commonly used non-specific piscicide, than others. This species-specific tolerance to rotenone has been thought to be associated with the uptake and the efficiency at which the chemical is detoxified. However, rotenone stimulates oxidative stress and superoxides, which are also toxic. Understanding the modes in which fish physiologically respond to rotenone is important in developing improved protocols for its application in controlling aquatic nuisance species. Using a molecular approach, we investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rotenone resistance. Species-specific responses were observed when rotenone-sensitive silver, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and both rotenone-resistant bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus, were exposed to rotenone. Rotenone levels in plasma were highest 90?min after exposure in both silver carp and bigmouth buffalo, but bigmouth buffalo tolerated over twice the burden (ng?mL(-1)?g(-1)) than silver carp. Expression of genes related with detoxification (cyp1a and gst) increased in silver carp, but either decreased or remained the same in bighead carp. Genes linked with oxidative stress in the cytosol (gpx, cat and sod1) and hsp70 increased only in silver carp after a 6-h exposure. Expression of genes associated with oxidative stress in the mitochondria (sod2 and ucp2) differed between silver carp and bighead carp. Expression of sod2 changed minimally in bighead carp, but expression of ucp2 linearly increased to nearly 85-fold of the level prior to exposure. Expression of sod2 and ucp2 did not change until 6?h in silver carp. Use of sod1 and sod2 to combat oxidative stress results in hydrogen peroxide production, while use of ucp2 produces nitric oxide, a chemical known to inhibit apoptosis. We conclude that the mechanism at which a fish handles oxidative stress plays an important role in the tolerance to rotenone.  相似文献   

7.
In the current study, African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to a sublethal concentration of carbofuran (CF) to investigate its negative effects on biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers. Also, the putative role of lycopene (LYC) administration in alleviating these negative effects was evaluated. Fish were divided into six groups in triplicates as follows: group I was without treatment, group II was orally administered corn oil, group III was orally administered 18 mg LYC/kg body weight, group IV was exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L, group V was orally administered 9 mg LYC/kg body weight and exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L, and group VI was orally administered 18 mg LYC/kg body weight and exposed to 0.121 mg CF/L for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, blood and tissue (liver and kidney) samples were collected and biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers were analysed. Also, histopathological changes were determined. Carbofuran caused significant increments of glucose, cortisol, aspartic amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine; meanwhile, serum acetylcholinesterase, total protein, albumin, and total lipids were significantly reduced. Significant increments in hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and marked reduction in hepatic and renal catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were observed in CF-exposed fish comparing to the control group. Treatment with LYC attenuated the CF-induced oxidative stress, and this improvement was more pronounced in fish received the high LYC dose (18 mg/kg body weight). Further, congestion of the central vein with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, vacuolar necrosis, and haemorrhage was observed in the livers of CF-exposed fish. Oral administration of LYC reduced behavioural changes and histopathological alterations. All the altered biochemical parameters and antioxidant biomarkers were also restored to be near the normal levels. The obtained results evoked that LYC administration alleviated the destructive effects of carbofuran and reduced its toxicity effect on African catfish.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Recent interest in the culture of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, has led to questions regarding the environmental requirements of this species for economically-viable production. Here, we present the results of short-term laboratory studies on ammonia toxicity, nitrite toxicity and oxygen consumption rates. Fifty percent of the juveniles died when exposed to 0.7-0.8 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 24 hours (25°C, 23 g/L salinity). All exposed fish survived exposure to ≤ 0.6 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 10 days. Black sea bass juveniles survived 24-hours exposure to 250 mg/L nitrite-N when exposed in 12 or 20 g/L salinity. Fish exposed for 24 hours to nitrite in 35 g/L salinity died when exposed to 250 mg/L nitrite-N, but survived exposure to 100 g/L nitrite-N. All fish exposed to 50 mg/L nitrite-N for 10 days survived (salinities of 12, 20 and 35 g/L). Mean oxygen consumption rate was 0.09 mg/hour/g (25°C). Fish weight significantly affected oxygen consumption rate with larger fish consuming less oxygen per unit time on a weight-specific basis. No treatment effect was observed due to salinity or dissolved oxygen concentration. The information reported here in combination with previous reports provides insight into the environmental requirements of black sea bass culture.  相似文献   

9.
在海水和半咸水中,用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)对黑鲷幼鱼进行急性毒性试验。结果表明:在海水盐度27.3和半咸水盐度10.4条件下,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼24h的LC50分别为3.41mg/L和4.78mg/L;最高安全使用剂量分别为1.12mg/L和1.68mg/L。半咸水条件下,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性相对较低,因此,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼进行药物处理比在海水条件下更安全。高锰酸钾引起鱼体组织发生病理变化是暂时的,一旦受试鱼转到无高锰酸钾的清水环境中,鱼体就会恢复正常。  相似文献   

10.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) as an anesthetic in great sturgeon under two experiments. First, fish were exposed to 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9?mL/L 2-PE, and time to induction (deep anesthesia) and recovery from anesthesia were measured. At concentration of 0.1?mL/L, 2-PE failed to induce deep anesthesia in fish, whereas at concentrations of 0.7 and 0.9?mL/L, all the fish were anaesthetized within 3?min of exposure. For assessing the impact of effective concentrations of 2-PE on physiological responses of great sturgeon, hematological indices, plasma metabolites, electrolytes, enzymes and cortisol levels were measured. The use of 2-PE induces a significant increase in RBC values at 0.3?mL/L concentration and a parallel increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. 2-PE anesthesia had no effect on WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels when compared to control group. Serum glucose, cholesterol and cortisol levels were significantly high in 0.3 and 0.5?mL/L 2-PE. Moreover, AST levels were increased in fish exposed to the 0.3?mL/L 2-PE comparing with the control group (P?<?0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of total protein, triglycerides, ALP, ALT, Cl?, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. In this study, alteration in hematological and serum biochemical indices was time-dependent. This study demonstrates that rapid induction of deep anesthesia with a relatively high concentration of 2-PE (0.7 and 0.9?mL/L) was associated with the lowest effects on the hematological and serum biochemical indices in great sturgeon and therefore would be recommended as eligible doses for hematological studies in this species.  相似文献   

11.
The carbon nanomaterial fullerene (C(60)) can act as anti or pro-oxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in cell suspensions of carp brains (Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinidae), the effect of C(60) after a pre-treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) such as omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and omega-6 (linoleic acid, LA). Assays consisted of a pre-treatment with PUFA (48?h) and then exposure to C(60) (2?h). Cell viability and total anti-oxidant capacity did not differ (p?>?0.05). A reduction (p?相似文献   

12.
Fish are commonly exposed to environmental pollutants, which in turns could induce an oxidative stress. So, it is important to understand the effects and the responses elicited by these toxicants in fish species, being fish cell lines important tools for this purpose. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of copper and UV-B radiation exposure on zebrafish hepatocytes (ZFL lineage) in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, sulfhydril groups content and mRNA levels of important genes related to cellular response to toxic agents. Exposure of ZFL cells to UV-B radiation (23.3 mJ/cm2) significantly increased levels of intracellular ROS and mRNA of both superoxide dismutase isoforms (sod1 and sod2), three glutathione S-transferase isoforms (gstα, gstµ and gstπ) and a heat shock protein (hsp70). However, no changes in nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) content, as well as in the mRNA levels of genes related to glutathione (GSH) synthesis and recycling, were observed. Contrary to this, copper exposure (20 mg/L) diminished NP-SH content and increased the levels of mRNA of genes related to GSH synthesis (gclc and gs). Moreover, copper exposure increases the mRNA levels of some genes related to antioxidant defenses (gpx and gstπ), biotransformation reactions (cyp1a1) and protein repair (hsp70). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that both toxicants could increase ROS levels in ZFL cell line, but the responses are different, which could be related to activation of different signaling pathways.  相似文献   

13.
The Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) is a euryhaline fish found in coastal marsh along the entire of Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic of coast of the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity on embryogenesis in the Gulf killifish. Four recirculation systems at salinities of 0.4, 7, 15, and 30?g/L were maintained at a static temperature with flow-through trays, containing embryos (n?=?39) placed in triplicate into each system. Throughout embryogenesis, the rate of development, ammonia and urea excretion, and heart rate were monitored. Percent hatch was recorded, and morphological parameters were measured for larvae at hatch. As salinity was increased, the rate of embryogenesis decreased. Salinity significantly affected percent hatch with an 80.0%?±?2.6% for 7?g/L and 39.1?±?4.3, 45.4?±?4.5, and 36.3%?±?12.0% for 0.4, 15, and 30?g/L, respectively. Salinity and stage of development significantly affected production of ammonia and urea. As salinity increased, the dominate metabolite end product changed from urea to ammonia. However, the 15?g/L salinity treatment had the two highest levels of urea recorded. Heart rate was unaffected by salinity but increased throughout embryogenesis and remained constant once embryos reached stages where hatching has been recorded. While mean total length was not affected by salinity, embryos incubated in 30?g/L produced larvae with significantly thicker body depth at hatch. The 0.4, 7, and 15?g/L salinity treatments all had similar mean hours to hatch. The 30?g/L treatment resulted in a significantly longer mean time to hatch and smaller body cavity area at hatch.  相似文献   

14.
This study investigated the effectiveness of eugenol and of the essential oil (EO) of Lippia alba when used in the transport of the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). These investigations involved measurements of blood (pH, PvO(2), PvCO(2) and HCO(3) (-)) and water parameters, survival and ionoregulatory balance. Fish (301.24?±?21.40?g, 28.90?±?1.30?cm) were transported at a loading density of 169.2?g?L(-1) for 4?h in fifteen plastic bags (7?L) divided into five treatments: control, 1.5 or 3.0?μL?L(-1) of eugenol and 10 or 20?μL?L(-1) of EO of L. alba. The water parameters were measured before (0?h) and after (4?h) transportation. The net Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+) losses were higher in fish from the control treatment compared to the other treatments. The PvO(2), PvCO(2) and HCO(3) (-) increased significantly in all of the treatments at the end of the transport period. In conclusion, based on the water (total ammonia nitrogen) and ionoregulatory indicators determined in the present study, our findings indicate that eugenol and the EO of L. alba are recommended for use in the transport of this species because these anesthetics apparently reduce stress.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, the influence of temperature variation on the blood and oxidative stress parameters of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus juveniles was evaluated. Fish were subjected to gradual changes of temperature, over 5 days, by 24°C until reaching to experimental temperatures 18, 21, 24 (control), 27 and 30°C. There were significant differences (p < .05) in glucose and lactate of blood in both the haematological relationships and oxidative stress parameters. Glucose levels increased at 30°C and decreased at 21°C. Lactate levels were highest at 18°C. While the haematocrit was higher at all altered temperatures, haemoglobin levels decreased at 21°C and increased at 30°C, causing alterations in haematimetric indices. In the liver, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activity was reduced at 18°C while antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) was highest at 30°C. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased at 18, 21 and 27°C. In the muscle, ACAP decreased at 27 and 30°C and TBARS increased at 30°C. The results indicate that the species shows sensitivity to temperature variations. Accordingly, we conclude that with short‐term temperature variations >3°C, it is possible to induce higher alterations in the observed parameters in pacu juveniles.  相似文献   

16.
Several studies have associated the involvement of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, a source of uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS), to pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory effects during pathological conditions. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether upregulation on seric XO activity may be a pathway involved in the oxidative stress in fish exposed to a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as whether it may be considered a pathway involved in ROS and NOx production. Xanthine oxidase activity, as well as the uric acid, ROS and NOx levels increased in serum of fish fed with a AFB1‐contaminated diet on days 14 and 21 post‐feeding compared to fish fed with a basal diet. Based on these evidences, upregulation of seric XO activity induces pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory profiles in serum of fish fed with a AFB1‐contaminated diet due to excessive formation on uric acid. Also, the excessive uric acid induces the release of pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory mediators, as ROS and NOx, also contributing to oxidative and inflammatory profiles. In summary, the upregulation on seric XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in the oxidative stress of fish exposed to a diet contaminated with AFB1.  相似文献   

17.
Ability of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to attenuate oxidative damage was evaluated in liver and brain tissues of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) experimentally exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF). O. niloticus was exposed to sublethal concentrations of CPF at 12?μg/L (CPF1) and 24?μg/L (CPF2) for 96?h. The fish of vitamin C (Vit C) and CPF2?+?Vit C groups were fed with Vit C supplemented diet (200?mg Vit C/100?g feed). A significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level (P?相似文献   

18.
黑鲷受铜、镉胁迫的生理反应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究了不同浓度的铜、镉处理液对黑鲷体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的影响。结果表明:在48 h内对照组和铜、镉处理组(≤5 mg/L)中黑鲷均未出现死亡;48 h后对照组与铜、镉处理组中黑鲷体内SOD和CAT活性值差异极显著(P<0.01),而且变化趋势基本一致,即低浓度处理组对黑鲷体内SOD和CAT活性起诱导作用,而高浓度处理组则起抑制作用,其中在处理浓度为0.5 mg/L时SOD和CAT活性达到最高值,在试验过程中存在明显的"毒理兴奋"作用。因此,铜、镉处理对黑鲷的生理生化存在着一定的影响,建议可以以黑鲷SOD和CAT活性变化作为水环境监测的生物指标物,从而达到评价水生生态环境的目的。  相似文献   

19.
为了探讨溶解氧浓度变化对厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)摄食和代谢的影响, 分析贝壳开放行为和呼吸代谢的相关关系, 观察测定了 8 mg/L、6 mg/L、4 mg/L、2 mg/L 和 1 mg/L 溶解氧水平下厚壳贻贝贝壳开放程度、滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率, 并计算了氧氮比值。结果显示, 溶解氧浓度在 4 mg/L 及以上水平时, 厚壳贻贝的贝壳持较大程度开放, 而当溶解氧浓度降至 2 mg/L 及以下后, 贝壳逐渐关闭; 溶解氧浓度降至 4 mg/L 后, 贻贝滤水率显著下降; 溶解氧浓度在 2~8 mg/L 间, 贻贝耗氧率无显著变化, 降至 1 mg/L 后, 耗氧率显著下降; 排氨率与滤水率和耗氧率呈相反趋势, 溶解氧浓度降至 2 mg/L 后, 贻贝排氨率显著上升; 降至 4 mg/L 后, 氧氮比值显著下降; 贝壳开放程度与滤水率、耗氧率之间呈正相关关系。研究表明, 厚壳贻贝可以适应一定范围内溶解氧浓度的波动, 保持机体代谢水平相对稳定; 当环境溶解氧降至 1 mg/L 以下, 机体无法再维持正常的代谢, 厚壳贻贝部分关闭贝壳, 以降低能量消耗, 应对低氧胁迫。本研究可为厚壳贻贝低氧适应机制研究和养殖提供参考。  相似文献   

20.
The capacity of reactive oxygen intermediates production upon haemocyte stimulation is one of the most important immunoparameter utilized to assess the health status in cultivated shrimps. In the present study, we compared oxidative stress potential, by measuring the superoxide anion production in three penaeid shrimps: two wild Atlantic species, the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis and the white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti and one cultivated Pacific species, the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, through the nitro‐blue‐tetrazolium‐reduction assay. We also proposed an optimized experimental protocol for this assay, that produces rapid and consistent results with low levels of basal superoxide anion (O2?) production by unstimulated haemocytes and high levels of this oxygen radical after cell stimulation. Among the different cell elicitors used (zymosan, laminarin, lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate), laminarin (β‐1,3‐glucans – 2 mg mL?1) was the most potent cell activator for the haemocytes of all three penaeids and we recommend this immunostimulant to routinely evaluate shrimp respiratory burst. In general terms, the most elevated levels of O2? production, after cell stimulation with microbial components, were detected in L. schmitti. Interestingly, the stimulation profile of the haemocytes of L. vannamei was more similar to F. paulensis, than to L. schmitti, which is more phylogenetically related.  相似文献   

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