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精准扶贫对中国扶贫工作具有坚实的、不可磨灭的推动作用。具有可持续性、时代性的扶贫
方式可有效对接2020 年完全脱贫后的扶贫机制。本文指出目前在贫困农村实施准扶贫过程中仍然
存在的一些不精准问题，并提出在政府、市场和社会的共同干预帮助下，提高农村贫困群体的自我追
求及生存能力的办法，从而从根本上彻底摆脱贫困，进入共同富裕。 相似文献
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This paper explores ways in which experiential learning theories, in particular transformative learning theory, can inform farmer participatory research and extension (PR&E). I identify and discuss three key elements of experiential learning theory – second-order experiences, reflection, and dialogue – that are particularly pertinent to PR&E practice. I then turn to one experiential learning theorist – Mezirow, and examine his theory of transformative learning to assess how it may inform the PR&E process. I outline the basic components and stages of transformative learning and summarize the main criticisms of the theory. Following this, parallels are drawn between transformative learning and what actually takes place in PR&E, and examples are given of the ways in which scientists and rural people may undergo transformative learning through the PR&E process. Ways in which transformative learning can be encouraged within the PR&E context are discussed. I conclude that Mezirows work can provide PR&E practitioners and theorists with additional insights into how adults learn and especially how they – researchers, extensionists and rural people – can transform their ways of thinking to accommodate a shift from conventional research and extension to PR&E.Rachel Percy is a lecturer in the International and Rural Development Department of the University of Reading, UK, teaching gender, participatory learning and action, and participatory research and extension. Her research interests center on how adult learning theories, particularly those related to experiential learning, can inform participatory practice. From 1980 to 1997, before she joined the University of Reading, she worked in the field of agricultural extension, training and sustainable development in Ethiopia, Nigeria, Sudan, and Malawi. She has published on experiential learning and the training of agricultural extensionists (International Journal of Lifelong Education), capacity building for gender-sensitive agricultural extension planning (Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension), and gender analysis and participatory rural appraisal (International Journal of Educational Development). 相似文献
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黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带煤田开发区小流域植被恢复模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
该文以陕北神木县六道沟小流域为研究区,应用参与性农户评估方法（PRA）调查煤田开发对流域居民收入和流域可持续发展的影响,分析流域内主要植被的生长和土壤水分状况,探讨陕北特大型煤田开发基地的生态恢复模式,为煤田可持续开发提供科学依据。调查表明,煤田开发明显改变了流域内农民的收入结构和数量,工农收入比由1.4∶1（1993年）变为26.5∶1（2007年）,人均收入由830.0元增加为9 340.0元,增加了约10倍;收入的增加提高了流域农民对退耕还林（草）政策的认知度,高达95%的群众对退耕还林还草政策持肯定态度;流域内的土地利用方式有了明显变化,表现为种植业用地显著下降,由原来的31.3%下降为21.5%,而畜牧业用地（包括荒草地）从39.6%增加为52.4%,原因是煤田开发让大部分劳动力投入到煤矿生产中,部分耕地特别是坡耕地荒废,成为荒草地。流域内小叶杨人工乔木林85%以上林木生长老化、衰败,树高平均仅4～6 m,形成典型的低效、低产林,林地土壤水分亏损严重,0～50 cm土层含水量仅有3.85%;流域10年生人工柠条灌木林郁闭度只有0.2,并且深层土壤水分被过渡利用,200～600 cm层次平均含水量仅有4.1%;10年生人工紫花苜蓿草地土壤水分消耗也较显著,但程度明显低于人工柠条林地,且紫花苜蓿的存在促进了天然草本群落的演替。研究认为,在煤炭资源枯竭之前,进行有效的草本植被恢复,建立以草本植物为主体、草灌结合、具有高效生态效益和一定经济效益、有利于促进流域次生地带性植被自然生长的人工植物群落是流域有效的植被恢复模式。因此,保证流域形成具有一定郁闭度的优质放牧草原群落,在煤炭资源枯竭之后,流域经济可以顺利地由资源消耗型经济转为以放牧业为支柱产业的循环经济,实现流域的可持续发展。 相似文献
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Promoting sustainable intensification in precision agriculture: review of decision support systems development and strategies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jessica Lindblom Christina Lundström Magnus Ljung Anders Jonsson 《Precision Agriculture》2017,18(3):309-331
Precision agriculture provides important issues toward a more sustainable agriculture. Many farmers have the necessary technology to operate site-specifically, but they do not use it in practice, and thus available information and communications technology (ICT) systems are not used to their full potential. This paper addresses how to reduce the so-called “problem of implementation”, based on the knowledge that participatory approaches during the design and development process is one of the most important factors to frame technology adoption. The development of sustainable ICT systems through theories and methodologies from the fields of human computer interaction and user-centered design (UCD) is presented and an ongoing Swedish project for development of an agricultural decision support system (AgriDSS) for nitrogen fertilization is used as an example to frame the issue. The overreaching aim is to develop AgriDSSs that are sustainable in design as well as through design by stressing the importance of participatory approaches for the successful development of AgriDSSs. The Swedish project has the intention to apply a UCD approach, and some pitfalls on starting to use this way of working is identified as well as some suggestions on how to reduce them through co-learning processes. Despite the challenges presented in this paper, ICT can contribute significantly to long-term sustainable development. Thus, several competences and scientific disciplines need to act in concert to help develop a sustainable development of agriculture via a transdisciplinary approach that can make an impact on society at many levels. 相似文献
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知识管理与图书馆可持续发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄蓉 《农业图书情报学刊》2008,20(12)
介绍了知识管理和可持续发展的概念,分析了图书馆知识管理和可持续发展的内容,以及它们之间的相互关系,提出进行知识管理是实现图书馆可持续发展的有效途径,并就如何增强图书馆的核心竞争力、推动图书馆的持续发展,给出了一些加强图书馆知识管理的相应措施. 相似文献
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论述了可持续发展和可持续林业的概念，指出当今世界林业发展正处于转型期及建立和制定可持续林业评价指标体系和评价标准的急迫性。 相似文献
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Public extension services play a key role in the implementation of strategies for rural development based on the sustainable management of natural resources. However, the sector suffers from restricted financial and human resources. Using experiences from participatory action research, a strategy for rural extension in the Amazon was defined to increase the efficiency and the relevance of external support for local resource users. This strategy considered activities initiated and coordinated by local people. Short-term facilitation visits provided continuous external support for the purpose of establishing locally based planning and learning mechanisms. In collaboration with the municipality of Muaná in the Eastern Amazon, the strategy was tested in two traditional communities – Monte Moriat and Boa Esperança. Both communities recognized as most important the need to reduce their dependence on açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), the principal source of food and income. This forest resource has been overexploited, seriously affecting açaí stands and diminishing the forest benefits fundamental for survival. Two local groups decided to raise chickens as a way to reduce nutritional problems and as an alternative source of income. Supported by monthly, short-term planning and evaluation visits, the groups managed to achieve significant progress in their endeavor. The groups identified (1) the control of decision-making and information, and (2) the absence of external obligations to be the greatest advantages of the development initiative. The study confirmed the potential of participatory strategies for public extension in the Amazon. Special attention was given to realistically define the role of forests for local development. However, drastic measures are necessary to smooth the way for real participation in governmental and non-governmental organizations acting in the Brazilian Amazon. 相似文献
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以陕西财经学院为例，介绍了校园规划的可持续发展理论，阐述了基于可持续发展的大学校园规划的必要性和基本原则，提出了校园规划构思。 相似文献
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应用参与式农村评估（PRA）的调查方法和技术,调查并分析了云南省金平县马鞍底乡的森林资源管理模式,对保护社区居民利益、森林资源可持续管理和利用、社区发展等提出建议． 相似文献
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恢复生态学与可持续发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
恢复生态学是当前科学界乃至各国政府关注的前沿学科。本文阐述了国内外恢复生态学的研究概况、基本概念、内涵及今后需要解决的问题,针对恢复生态学与人类可持续发展的关系,探讨了国内外生态恢复重建研究存在的问题与发展趋势。 相似文献
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分析了＂数字城市＂的内涵和功能,论述了＂数字城市＂与区域可持续发展之间的相互关系,阐述了在区域可持续发展过程中建设＂数字城市＂的必要性,提出了＂数字城市＂对区域可持续发展所起的重要作用。 相似文献
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"生态旅游"在我国发展很快,但也出现了许多问题。分析了生态旅游的内涵,从转变观念、科学规划、实施保护性开发、建立认证体系、构建社区参与机制、培育生态旅游市场等方面,探讨了我国生态旅游可持续发展的对策。 相似文献
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The use of participatory methods has become increasingly popular in agricultural research and development and natural resource management. A range of approaches are being used at the grassroots level in order to involve local citizens and groups in projects. Many of these activities remain peripheral and isolated from conventional development agencies and policies. However, recent efforts are evolving to link participatory approaches into wider planning and policy-making processes and to increase the influence of such methods in resource management initiatives. Main lessons from these innovative participatory experiences in addressing policy issues for sustainable development are summarized. 相似文献
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石漠化连片特困地区是我国新时期扶贫攻坚战中减贫任务最为艰巨的地区,农业产业扶贫在扶贫实践中发挥着重要的作用.在梳理阿玛蒂亚·森的发展观、可持续发展理论和参与式发展理论的基础上,界定产业扶贫模式可持续性的内涵,强调扶贫覆盖面、减贫效果、配套政策和贫困人口的发展能力等因素的影响.确定适用性、效果、政策、载体等4个评价准则及10个关键性问题,并据此提出10个一级指标和23个二级指标.主张采用主、客观赋权法相结合的方法对农业产业扶贫模式可持续性评价指标赋予权重. 相似文献
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[目的]为完善参与式畜牧技术开发模式、方法以及对将来的项目评估提供参考。[方法]以云南省贡山县实施的"滇西北农牧区生计改良项目"为例,概述了参与式畜牧技术发展过程,并介绍了参与式畜牧技术的监测与评估过程。[结果]总结出了包括技术、机制化体系、人员能力建设、效益4个层面的参与式畜牧技术检测与评估指标体系,下辖技术特征、优劣性对比、社区和农户、技术人员、项目人员、经济指标、社会指标等11个3级指标。[结论]为参与式监测与评估在畜牧技术开发中的应用提供了参考。 相似文献
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Damian M. Parr Cary J. Trexler Navina R. Khanna Bryce T. Battisti 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(4):523-533
Historically, land grant universities and their colleges of agriculture have been discipline driven in both their curricula
and research agendas. Critics call for interdisciplinary approaches to undergraduate curriculum. Concomitantly, sustainable
agriculture (SA) education is beginning to emerge as a way to address many complex social and environmental problems. University
of California at Davis faculty, staff, and students are developing an undergraduate SA major. To inform this process, a web-based
Delphi survey of academics working in fields related to SA was conducted. Faculty from colleges and universities across the
US were surveyed. Participants suggested that students needed knowledge of natural and social science disciplines relating
to the agri-food system. In addition, stakeholders suggested students learn through experiences that link the classroom to
field work, engaging a broad range of actors within applied settings. Stakeholders also emphasized the need for interdisciplinary
and applied scholarship. Additionally, they proposed a range of teaching and learning approaches, including many practical
experiences. Given the diverse suggestions of content knowledge and means of producing knowledge, the survey presented unique
challenges and called into question the epistemological and pedagogical norms currently found in land grant colleges of agriculture.
This study has implications for land grant universities seeking to develop undergraduate curriculum appropriate to the field
of SA.
Damian
M. Parr
is a doctoral student of Agricultural and Environmental Education, in the School of Education at the University of California
at Davis. His professional interests include organic farming, sustainable agriculture, experiential and transformational learning,
critical pedagogy, and participatory action research. He is currently working on linking on-campus student initiated sustainable
farm and food systems projects to curricula at land grant universities
Cary J. Trexler
is an assistant professor of Agricultural and Environmental Education at the University of California at Davis where he teaches
courses in the history of agricultural education, experiential learning, and research methods for practicing teachers. His
research focuses on experiential learning, sustainable agriculture education, and needs of teachers and informal educators
within the context of the agri-food system
Navina R. Khanna
is a graduate student pursuing an MS in International Agricultural Development at the University of California at Davis. She
is committed to facilitating community dialogue and education about sustainability issues. Her work at the university focuses
on the process and goal of sustainability in agricultural education and campus food system sustainability. Her primary professional
interests include democratic participatory process in agri-food system sustainability and urban revitalization
Bryce T. Battisti
is a doctoral student of Agricultural and Environmental Education, in the School of Education at the University of California
at Davis. His research interests include the development of alternative models for university education that are founded on
student-centered experiential learning. Specifically, he studies models of permaculture education that lead toward accredited
degrees and relates these models to sustainable agriculture degree programs 相似文献