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1.
Miyazaki T Miyazaki M Yasuda J Okada K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(1):109-116
The aim of this study was to determine whether ultrasonography could be used to evaluate curd formation in the abomasum of preruminant calves. Holstein-Friesian calves were fed one of three milk replacers: clotting (five calves), non-clotting (four calves) and pH-dependent clotting (clots form at pH 5.5, but not at pH 6.5; six calves). Ultrasonography was performed until 6h after feeding the milk replacers. In calves fed the clotting milk replacer, a large clot of curd was visualised by ultrasonography as a clearly outlined echogenic image and whey as an anechoic image. In calves fed the non-clotting milk replacer, abomasal contents were visualised as a uniform, entirely echogenic image, indicating the absence of curd formation. In calves fed milk replacer with pH-dependent clotting properties, several small curds and whey were visualised by ultrasonography. It was concluded ultrasonography can be used to visualise abomasal curd and to distinguish the presence and absence of curds in the abomasum of calves. 相似文献
2.
Keiji OKADA Junro KATO Tamako MIYAZAKI Shigeru SATO Jun YASUDA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(1):85-88
In order to understand the effects of the automatic milk replacer feeding system on calf health, we examined the effect of frequent milk feeding on curd formation in the abomasum using ultrasonographic imaging. Eight male Holstein calves were divided into a milk-replacer group and a fresh milk group. Calves were fed twice a day to 12 days after birth (Period A). From 13 days, calves were fed six times a day (Period B). The abomasal fluid was taken by paracentesis. In both periods A and B, the fresh milk group formed bigger curds faster than the milk replacer group. The curd score of the milk replacer group in period B at 2 h was significant lower than those of both groups in period A. The pH in the abomasum was lower in period B than in period A. We could not identify the location of the abomasum in the milk replacer group during period B at almost time points. Our experiment suggests the possibility that frequent feeding of milk replacer causes incomplete hydrolysis of κ-casein as well as curd formation, thus reducing the digestibility compared to the feeding of the milk replacer twice per day or frequent feeding of fresh milk. 相似文献
3.
Keiji OKADA Kazue YAJIMA Takamichi OHBA Tamako MIYAZAKI Takenori ORIHASHI Shigeru SATO Jun YASUDA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(1):89-93
Eight Holstein bull calves were divided into two groups; a non-treated control group and a famotidine treated group. Fresh milk was fed twice a day. The experiment was conducted between 7 and 14 days of age. During the experimental period the control group was injected with physiological saline, and the famotidine group was injected with famotidine, a histamine-H2-receptor blocker, into the jugular vein 30 minutes prior to each feeding. The control group showed maximum curd formation 2 h after feeding at both 7 and 14 days of age. Curd scores of 7-day-old and 14-day-old calves were significantly lower in the famotidine than in the control group at 2 and 4 h after feeding. Most fecal samples from the famotidine group exhibited an acidic smell. The famotidine group showed significantly lower values for both average weight gain and the rate of weight gain from 7 to 14 days of age. The inhibition of gastric acid secretion decreased curd formation in the abomasum as well as daily weight gain compared to non-treated control calves. This suggested that curd formation in the abomasum is important for the weight gain of newborn calves. 相似文献
4.
Miyazaki T Miyazaki M Yasuda J Okada K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(2):205-209
The aim of this study was to ultrasonographically evaluate curd formation in 29 pre-ruminant calves that were fed a clotting milk replacer. Abomasal curd was absent in 8/29 calves at 2 h after feeding. In these eight calves, abomasal contents were observed as an anechoic image with small echogenic spots (five calves), or as an echogenic image with an unclear outline (three calves), but there was no echogenic image with a clear outline corresponding to curd that was visualised in the other 21 calves. The curd was not observed until 7 h after feeding in the eight calves. Our analysis also indicated that the absence of curd formation in the pre-ruminant calves did not have a significant impact on the appearance, appetite and vigour of pre-ruminant calves or on their blood parameters, including serum triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and glucose concentrations. The study provided the first evidence that the abomasum of some calves does not form curd despite ingestion of a clotting milk replacer. 相似文献
5.
Keiji OKADA Junro KATO Tamako MIYAZAKI Kentaro IKUTA Yoshihisa NAITO Jun YASUDA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(1):12-18
Inadequate milk curd formation in the abomasum of newborn calves causes malnutrition and diarrhea. In order to define the factors of inadequate curd formation, we compared the curd forming ability among 9 kinds of milk replacers, bulk milk (raw milk), and skim milk both in vitro and in vivo . When rennet was added, the raw milk and one milk replacer formed firm curds. The rest of the milk replacers and skim milk did not form any curd. When a solution of HCl was added, raw milk, three milk replacers and skim milk formed the curd at pH 4.5, but the other milk replacers did not. When HCl was added following the rennet, raw milk, one milk replacer and skim milk formed the curd. In vivo , raw milk, two milk replacers and skim milk showed good curd formation whereas the other milk replacers showed poor curd formation inside the abomasums of the calves. This study showed that most of the milk replacers sold in Japan could not form the curd with rennet. 相似文献
6.
Ériton Egidio Lisboa Valente Mário Fonseca Paulino Edenio Detmann Sebastião Campos Valadares de Filho Lívia Vieira Barros Nelcino Francisco de Paula Sidnei Antônio Lopes Daniel Majeste de Almeida Leandro Soares Martins 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):487-495
The effects of supplementation of beef calves on weight gain, intake and digestibility of pasture, milk production and composition of their dams, and behavior of the pair cow–calf were assessed. Fifty-five beef cows with an initial average body weight of 449?±?8 kg and their respective offspring, with an initial average body weight of 138?+?3 kg and aged between 90 and 150 days, were used. Animals were submitted to an experimental period of 112 days. The experimental treatments consisted of: control?=?mineral mixture only, plan 1?=?high protein and high carbohydrate multiple supplement, plan 2?= high protein and low carbohydrate multiple supplement, plan 3?=?low protein and high carbohydrate multiple supplement, and plan 4?=?low protein and low carbohydrate multiple supplement. About 25 and 12.5 % of the protein requirements were supplied by the high and low protein supplements, respectively, and 15 and 7.5 % of total digestible nutrient requirements by the high and low carbohydrate supplements, respectively. Grazing behavior, performance, milk production, milk composition, intake, and digestibility of the cows were not affected (P?>?0.05) by the supplementation of the calves. The supplemented calves had greater (P?<?0.05) performance (as measured by final body weight, average daily gain, and final body condition score), intake and idle time, and lower (P?<?0.05) grazing time, but supplementation did not affect (P?>?0.05) suckling time and suckling frequency. It can be concluded that supplementation affects the behavior and feed intake of calves. However, it does not affect the suckling time and suckling frequency of calves. Additionally, performance, milk production, nutritional characteristics, and behavior of their dams are not affected. 相似文献
7.
The reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum were assessed via ultrasonography before, during, and 15, 30, and 120 minutes after feeding milk to 10 healthy calves. The ultrasonographic examinations were conducted using a 5.0 MHz linear transducer. Loops were recorded on video for further evaluation. The reticulum could be visualised before feeding in seven calves. Its appearance and pattern of contractions were similar to those in adult cattle, although the amplitude (1.7 ± 0.75 cm) and velocity (2.7 ± 1.34 cm/s) of the first contraction were smaller than in adult cattle. The reticulum could not be visualised in any of the calves during feeding as it was displaced cranially and laterally and therefore being obscured by the lungs as the abomasum expanded with the ingested milk. 2 hours post ingestion it remained obscured in 5 individual and was visualized again the other 5. The position and size of the entire rumen including the dorsal and ventral sacs and the ruminal contents were assessed. There were no changes in the ultrasonographic appearance of the rumen during or after feeding. Except for its smaller size, the ultrasonographic appearance of the omasum of calves was similar to that of adult cattle. Milk flow through the omasum could not be seen in any of the calves, and there were no changes in the appearance of the omasum during and after feeding. The abomasum was seen to the left and right of the ventral midline before feeding in all calves; it occupied considerably more space on the left than the right. The flow of milk into the abomasum and milk clotting, which occurred 15 minutes after feeding, could be seen in all calves. The milk clots started to slowly disintegrate 30 minutes after the start of feeding, and by 2 hours post feeding, this process was greatly advanced but remained incomplete. Ultrasonography is an ideal tool for the evaluation of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum before, during, and after the ingestion of milk in calves. 相似文献
8.
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of breed and oral vitamin E supplementation during late gestation on serum vitamin E and IgG concentrations in beef cows that calved in late winter and late summer and in neonatal calves. ANIMALS: 73 Angus and 43 Hereford primiparous and multiparous cows and their calves. PROCEDURE: Cows in groups that were homogeneous regarding breed and age distribution were randomly allotted to groups that were orally supplemented (n = 59) or not supplemented (57) with vitamin E beginning 30 days prior to onset of 65-day calving seasons. Supplemental vitamin E was provided in a vitamin-mineral mix offered free-choice until parturition. RESULTS: Cows that calved in late winter and were supplemented orally with vitamin E had higher serum vitamin E concentrations at calving and after calving than did unsupplemented cows; differences between groups before calving were not significant. Calves from supplemented multiparous cows had higher vitamin E concentrations than did calves from unsupplemented cows. Winter-born calves from supplemented Hereford cows had heavier 205-day adjusted weaning weights than did winter-born calves from unsupplemented Hereford cows. Supplementation did not affect vitamin E or IgG concentrations in the herd that calved in late summer and did not affect calf growth. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oral vitamin E supplementation during late gestation may be economically beneficial in certain cow-calf operations in which late-gestation cows are consuming stored forages. 相似文献
9.
Marshall TS Constable PD Crochik SS Wittek T Freeman DE Morin DE 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(6):824-831
OBJECTIVES: To compare abomasal emptying rates in calves after suckling milk replacer or 3 common orally administered electrolyte solution components. ANIMALS: 5 male calves < 35 days of age. PROCEDURES: Calves with a cannula fitted in the abomasal body were fed 2 L of milk replacer with or without parenteral administration of atropine (0.01 mg/kg, i.v., then 0.02 mg/ kg, s.c., q 30 min) or isotonic (150 mM) solutions of sodium acetate, NaHCO(3), or NaCl in a randomized crossover design. Abomasal emptying rates were determined via scintigraphy, acetaminophen absorption, ultrasonography, and change in abomasal luminal pH. RESULTS: Scintigraphic half-emptying time, time of maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration, ultrasonographic half-emptying time, and pH return time indicated similar abomasal emptying rates following suckling of isotonic sodium acetate, NaHCO(3), and NaCl solutions, whereas the emptying rate of milk replacer was significantly slower. Mean maximal abomasal luminal pH was highest following suckling of NaHCO(3) (pH(max)=7.85) and lowest following suckling of NaCl (pH(max)=4.52); sodium acetate (pH(max)=6.59) and milk replacer (pH(max)=5.84) yielded intermediate pH values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Isotonic solutions of sodium acetate, NaHCO(3), and NaCl were rapidly emptied from the abomasum but varied markedly in their ability to alkalinize the abomasum. Sodium bicarbonate-containing orally administered electrolyte solution might increase the frequency of infection or severity of clinical disease in diarrheic calves treated for dehydration by causing prolonged abomasal alkalinization. 相似文献
10.
Background
The study investigated the ultrasonographic appearance of the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum of calves with ruminal drinking syndrome.Methods
In ten milk-fed calves with ruminal drinking syndrome the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum were examined by ultrasonography using a 5-MHz linear transducer before, during and after the ingestion of milk.Results
The reticulum could be imaged in eight of ten calves before feeding. The reticular wall appeared as an echoic line, similar to mature cattle, and reticular folds were seen in eight calves. The reticular content appeared as echoic heterogeneous fluid. Reticular contractions were biphasic with 1.0 ± 0.38 contractions per minute. The rumen had a mean wall thickness of 2.1 mm dorsally, 3.5 mm at the level of the longitudinal groove, and 3.2 mm ventrally. The ventral sac of the rumen of all calves contained echoic heterogeneous liquid. During feeding the milk entering the rumen could be seen as hyperechoic liquid in five calves. The omasum was seen on the right side as a crescent-shaped line medial to the liver in seven calves. Only the omasal wall closest to the transducer was seen as an echoic line with a mean thickness of 2.7 mm. The ultrasonographic appearance of the omasum did not change during or after feeding. The abomasum was seen immediately caudal to the xyphoid on both sides of the midline before feeding. The mean length at the ventral midline was 22.2 cm. The ingesta were heterogeneous in all calves and the abomasal folds were distinct in eight. The mean lateral expansion of the abomasum from the ventral midline to the left and right varied from 8.7 to 13.8 cm and from 4.3 to 11.3 cm. The milk entering the abomasum was observed in all calves, and signs of milk clotting were seen in all calves 15 minutes after feeding.Conclusion
This study showed that ultrasonography is useful for detecting milk in the reticulum and rumen of calves with ruminal drinking syndrome. 相似文献11.
T. Wittek M. Ernstberger M. Muckenhuber M. Flöck 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):264-270
Diarrhoea is a condition with tremendous impact on calf health. Infectious agents play a dominant role; however, non‐infective factors may also contribute to pathogenesis of diarrhoea. One factor, the abomasal emptying rate, is mainly influenced by the composition of feed. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different protein sources in milk replacers on abomasal emptying rate and clinical parameters. The effect of increasing age of the calves on abomasal emptying was also evaluated. The study compared abomasal emptying rates and clinical parameters in calves, which were fed either milk replacer containing only whey protein or one which partially contained wheat protein. Abomasal emptying rate was estimated by ultrasonography. Ten calves were used in the study over 18 days, and each calf was fed 3 periods of 3 days length using different milk replacers in an alternating crossover design. The abomasum was emptied significantly faster when the wheat protein containing milk replacer was fed (half‐emptying time wheat protein 49.1 ± 4.1 min, half‐emptying time milk protein 59.1 ± 7.4 min); however, clinical parameters and weight gain did not differ between the feeding regimes. Age did not significantly influence abomasal emptying rate. As milk replacers containing wheat proteins increased abomasal emptying rate, they may have a higher potential to initiate diarrhoea, especially if high volumes are fed. Thus, the feeding regimes are likely to be even more important when such milk replacers are used. 相似文献
12.
The distribution of iron and copper in the liver and spleen of veal calves was determined in a group of calves fattened with a commercial milk replacer supplemented with 5 ppm iron and in a control group fed the unsupplemented milk replacer. No marked variations were detected in the distribution of iron and copper. A liver biopsy is therefore likely to be a representative sample of the whole liver with respect to iron and copper concentration. 相似文献
13.
Gregory NG 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(9):549-552
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of curd formation within the abomasum, on the absorption of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) from colostrum in newborn calves. DESIGN: An in vivo physiological study with controls, and in vitro examination of calf abomasal fluid. PROCEDURES: Newborn calves were taken from cows without allowing them to suckle. They were fed either 1.5 kg colostrum or 1.5 kg colostrum plus rennet, with intervals between calving and colostrum feeding ranging from 0.4 to 12.7 h. Absorption of proteins from the whey component of colostrum was assessed from the rise in activity of serum GGT. In in vitro studies, colostrum was incubated with bovine amniotic fluid, newborn calf abomasal fluid or newborn calf forestomach contents, with or without rennet, to test the curd inhibiting effects of components in the abomasal fluid of newborn calves. RESULTS: In vivo: addition of rennet to the colostrum feed reduced the proportion of calves with serum GGT activity below 500 U/L by 60%. In vitro: 43% of newborn calves lacked curd forming activity in their abomasal fluid, and that deficiency was corrected by adding rennet to the incubation medium. CONCLUSIONS: Some calves are born with low amounts of curd forming enzyme activity in the abomasum. This may compromise their ability to absorb large whey proteins from the first feed of colostrum. Adding rennet to the first colostrum feed may improve passive immunity in those calves. 相似文献
14.
The digesta dry matter and N-passage rates at the duodenum were measured at 3-to-8-week-old calves with duodenal re-entrant cannulae within 24 hours. The animals received the amount of milk in 1,2 and 4 meals. The milk enriched with 2% fat was given fresh, treated with hydrochloric acid or with formaldehyde. The calves received their feed in buckets. The feeding frequency influenced the chyme- and N-passage rates. After the feeding of 7 l milk in 4, 2 and 1 portions resp. up to 1,200; 1,600 and 2,200 ml chyme resp. passed the duodenum in the first hour after the feeding. More frequent feeding thus guarantees a more continuous flow of the chyme. On average the amount of chyme reached 180 . . . 186% of the amount of milk taken in independent of the feeding frequency whereas the N-amount corresponded to that contained in the feed. Formaldehyde treatment increased the amount of chyme to more than 200% of the milk intake and disturbed the coagulation process in the abomasum. The souring of the milk supported the effective protein hydrolysis in the abomasum due to a quick decrease of the pH-value and, after the feeding in 1 portion, prevented an "overflow" of the abomasum. 相似文献
15.
Thirty colostrum-deprived Friesian male calves were used to study the effect of colostrum and whey-derived gammaglobulins on the clinical events and oocyst-excretion pattern following artificial infection with a fresh, field-sourced strain of Cryptosporidium parvum. The calves were raised naive and free from contact with C. parvum from birth until infection at either 10 or 17 days of age. The two age groups comprised three sub-groups that were each given a single treatment of colostrum, whey-derived gammaglobulins or whole milk (controls) at 5 hours after birth. Blood samples taken both before and 48 hours after this dosing showed the mean serum gamma globulin concentrations changed from almost zero in all calves to 462,279 and 29 mg/dl for the colostrum, whey-derived gammaglobulin and whole milk sub-groups respectively. The results showed that a majority of calves shed Cryptosporidium oocysts within 7 days of oral infection but that no diarrhoea or other clinical signs were associated with this. However, when the level of C. parvum faecal shedding was graded, the results showed a trend towards a higher level of oocyst shedding and over a longer period of time in the control calves deprived of any passive immunity than in the two groups given either colostrum or whey-derived gammaglobulins. 相似文献
16.
This study assessed the effect of a vitamin E supplement given to pregnant mares on immunoglobulins (Ig) levels in foals. In addition, the fatty acid (FA) content and composition of the mares’ milk was assessed. Milk α‐tocopherol concentrations were compared between pregnant Danish Warmblood mares (n = 17) given a daily oral supplement of 2500 international units (IU) RRR‐α‐tocopherol in the last 4 weeks of pregnancy and a group of unsupplemented mares (n = 17) receiving 170–320 IU vitamin E daily originating from the feed. Milk α‐tocopherol was higher in supplemented mares (36.7, 12.4 and 9.8 μmol/l respectively) in relation to control mares (13.1, 6.4 and 5.8 μmol/l on days 1, 2 and 3 respectively; p < 0.001). Milk IgG was higher on days 2 and 3 post‐partum (PP) in supplemented mares (1.03 and 0.73 mg/ml respectively) in relation to control mares (0.79 and 0.56 mg/ml respectively; p < 0.05). Milk IgM was higher on days 2 and 3 post‐partum (PP) in supplemented mares (0.19 and 0.17 mg/ml) in relation to control mares (0.13 and 0.11 mg/ml respectively; p < 0.05). Plasma α‐tocopherol in foals was higher from supplemented mares on days 1, 2 and 3 (5.7, 14.8 and 19.2 μmol/l respectively) in relation to foals from control mares (3.6, 6.1 and 7.6 respectively; p < 0.001). Foal plasma IgM was higher from supplemented mares on day 3 (0.50 mg/ml) in relation to foals from control mares (0.32 mg/ml; p < 0.001). The total FA content in milk was highest on day 1 (21.6 g FA/kg milk) in relation to days 2 and 3 (13.6 and 13.5 g FA/kg milk respectively; p < 0.001). In conclusion, a daily oral supplement of 2500 IU RRR‐α‐tocopherol increased α‐tocopherol content in mare milk and foal plasma, IgG and IgM in mare milk and IgM in foal plasma. 相似文献
17.
Twenty-four calves of the Holstein-Friesian breed were included into a trial. The trial was performed from April (when the calves were born) to October. The objective of the study was to investigate variations in insulin and glucose levels over a longer time period of the postnatal development of calves. The blood was sampled by the jugular vein puncture at the age of 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63, 91, 118, 147 and 175 days. The calves were housed in a prophylactorium calf-house till the age of 21 days: till the age of 14 days they were housed individually and then in groups of 2-3 calves in a small pen. The calves were fed milk till the age of 26 or 28 days, after a fortnight the feed intake was increased from the previous 3 litres to 5-6 litres per head/day. At the age of 21 days the calves were transferred to pens in the calving room. At the age of 26 days twelve calves were transferred to a barn for young cattle rearing, the remaining twelve calves were transferred at the age of 28 days; here they were housed by 10-12 head per pen and they were fed a commercial milk replacer diluted at a 1:10 ratio, the feed intake being 6-8 litres a day, and a commercial pelleted calf starter TKS at the amount of 1.0-1.1 kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
18.
B G Harmon C T Liu S G Cornelius J E Pettigrew D H Baker A H Jensen 《Journal of animal science》1974,39(6):1117-1122
This study was undertaken to compare dicalcium, Curacao, and soft ph sophates as supplemental feeding during gestation and lactation. In Exp eriment 1, 37 crossbred sows at 11 months of age were mated and each of 4 groups given an experimental diet. The basal diet was a 16% crude pro tein-fortified corn-soybean meal containing .34% of phosphorus and .72% of calcium. The test diets were fortified with either dicalcium, Curaca o, or soft phosphate to provide .52% of phosphorus. Limestone was given to maintain .72% of calcium. Animals were confined in a concrete feedin g area and fed 1.8 kg of diet per head per day until Day 94 of gestation . At that time the diet was increased to 2.3 kg/day. On Day 109 of gestation animals were moved to farrowing crates until 10 days postpartu m and then to wooden units until weening at 8 weeks. Sows were sacrific ed after 8 weeks lactation, or if they developed posterior paralysis. In this experiment, the different phosphate sources were without observed influence on the livability or performance of pigs up to 8 weeks of age (p less than .05). Gilts receiving no supplemental phosphorus had significantly lower bone ash and phosphorus than did those receiving either of the supplements. Posterior paralysis was observed in 5 of 9 sows fed the unsupplemented diet, in 3 of 9 fed the soft supplemented diet, and in 2 of 10 fed the Curacao phosphate supplement. None fed dicalcium phosphate developed paralysis. The paralysis usually occurred after 6 weeks of lactation and was often accompanied by a fractured femur. In Experiment 2, 70 sows were bred at 10 months of age and fed 1.8 kg of the experimental diets. During 36 days of lactation, phosphorus digestibility, retention, and balance were shown to be lower for those fed only the basal diet. Bone ash, bone phosphorus, and bone strength were lower in those fed the unsupplemented diet. Results of these studies indicate the need for supplemental phosphorus in sow feeding. When feeding dicalcium phosphate or Curacao phosphate the use of over .5% phosphorus in the sow's diet is unnecessary during gestation and lactation. 相似文献
19.
T. Landsverk B. Laksesvela E. Liven A. Lund
.
degaard I.
rstavik 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1983,24(4):431
Diarrhea occurred in 12 pre-ruminant calves after the introduction of milk replacers. Six of the calves were fed a replacer made of normally treated skim milk and whey powder, while the other 6 got a replacer made of heat-treated powders, although otherwise similar to that of the first group. Abomasal curd formation was deficient in calves fed for 9 or 17 days on the heat-treated replacer (4 of 6 calves). Otherwise, no clear differences between the calves given normally treated and heat-treated replacer occurred, as regards diarrhea, bacteriological, virological, and pathomorphological findings in the intestinal tract. Rotavirus and chlamydial infections were indicated and considered as the major cause of the diarrheic condition, although bacteria, including coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may have contributed. The milk replacers may have been involved was provoking factors.Key words: heat-treatment, skim milk, whey, diarrhea, curd formation, intestinal microflora, rotavirus, chlamydia, calves 相似文献
20.
为研究探讨初乳饲喂次数对娟姗犊牛生产性能的影响,试验选取初生重接近的健康娟姗犊牛20 头,随机分为4 组,分别为对照组、试验I组、II组和III组,每组5 头犊牛,试验期为60 天。4 组犊牛出生当日饲喂两次初乳,首次初乳量按照体重的10.0%进行灌服,第2次初乳于出生后6~8 h按照体重的5.0%进行饲喂。4 组犊牛出生当日在产房饲养,2日龄时均转为室外犊牛岛单栏饲养。2日龄后,对照组每天上午06:00和下午16:00时各饲喂常乳1次,2~6日龄每次饲喂1.50 L,7~20日龄每次饲喂1.80 L,21~35日龄每次饲喂2.50 L,36~60日龄每次饲喂3.00 L,自7日龄开始犊牛自由采食颗粒料。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别继续饲喂初乳至犊牛2日龄、4日龄、6日龄后再饲喂常乳,饲喂时间和饲喂量与对照组一致。结果表明:(1)在饲喂初乳后48 h、72 h、96 h,试验组与对照组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白g(IgG)均差异显著(p<0.05),120 h、144 h、168 h,试验Ⅰ组与对照组比较,犊牛血清IgG含量差异不显著(p>0.05),试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清IgG含量与对照组相比,差异极显著(p<0.01)。(2)随着初乳饲喂次数的增加,可有效降低犊牛20日龄内腹泻发生率,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较对照组比较犊牛腹泻发生率分别降低9.5%、22.5%、36.5%,治疗犊牛腹泻总成本较对照组分别下降12.0 元、43.2 元、76.8 元,3 组试验组犊牛成活率为100.0%。(3)初乳饲喂次数的增加,使0~60日龄娟姗犊牛平均日增重(ADG)升高,试验组与对照组相比较,日增重均差异极显著(p<0.01),分别增加16.7 g、33.3 g、80.0 g。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较试验Ⅰ组ADG差异也极显著(p<0.01)。综合考虑,建议娟姗犊牛饲喂初乳至6日龄,可降低犊牛腹泻发生率、减少治疗费用,提高犊牛成活率及ADG。 相似文献