共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
长江中下游麦区小麦品种籽粒硬度及puroindoline基因等位变异的分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确长江中下游麦区小麦籽粒硬度及puroindoline基因型的分布,以该麦区105份小麦育成品种为材料,利用单籽粒硬度仪(SKCS)测定其籽粒硬度,利用分子标记检测和基因序列分析鉴定puroindoline基因的等位变异。结果表明,在长江中下游麦区历年育成的小麦品种中软质麦比例较高,占52.4%,硬质麦和混合麦分别占38.1%和9.5%;硬质麦和混合麦中存在Pinb-D1b、Pina-D1b和Pinb-D1p三种变异类型,突变频率分别为29.5%、10.5%和3.8%。 相似文献
2.
青海小麦籽粒硬度等位变异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解小麦品种籽粒硬度的遗传多样性,利用单粒谷物硬度测定、PCR扩增和核苷酸测序技术,分析了66份青海小麦品种籽粒硬度主效基因的等位变异。结果表明,青海小麦以硬质类型为主,比例达到47.0%,混合麦比例为19.7%,软质麦比例为33.3%。硬度基因有5种组合类型:野生型、Pina-D1a/PinbD1b、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1x和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a。野生型小麦类型比例最高,占59.09%,SKCS硬度指数平均为44.12,变化范围为12.75~84.89。突变类型的品种籽粒均为硬质。因此,在青海硬质小麦可以通过突变类型的分子标记进行选育,软质小麦选育需在利用硬度基因分子标记筛选的基础上进一步考察籽粒硬度性状的表现型。 相似文献
3.
小麦籽粒硬度及其Pinb-D1基因等位变异的STS标记检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确内蒙古春小麦和部分引进冬小麦的籽粒硬度及其等位变异类型,用SKCS 4100单籽粒谷物硬度仪和STS分子标记对17份冬小麦、87份春小麦品种扣38份春小麦高代品系的籽粒硬度及其Pinb-Dla,Pinb-D1b和Pinb-Dlc等位基因进行了分析.结果表明,在104份冬、春小麦品种中,籽粒硬度指数变幅为1±16～74±21,其中软质、混合和硬质麦频率分别为23.1%、49.0%和27.9%;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c基因型分憋为68份、27份和4份.在38份高代品系中,籽粒硬度指数变幅为O±18～49±17,软质和混合麦频率分别为68.4%和31.6%,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型分别为20份和18份. 相似文献
4.
江苏淮北地区小麦品种资源籽粒硬度基因等位变异的KASP检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解江苏淮北地区小麦品种资源的籽粒硬度概况及硬度基因型分布规律,以74份近年来江苏淮北地区所育品种(系)和38份来自黄淮其他麦区的常用亲本为材料,采用单籽粒谷物硬度测试仪、KASP标记检测技术和基因扩增及测序技术对其SKCS硬度值及硬度基因型进行鉴定。硬度检测结果表明,供试小麦品种(系)硬度变化范围较大,但硬质麦的比例最大,为70.5%。与常用亲本相比,江苏淮北地区育成品种中软质麦比例较高,为34.3%,但在高代品系中软质麦比例下降到20.5%。基因型检测结果表明,在Puroindoline-D1位点,供试品种(系)中共检测到4种基因型,即野生型(Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a)、Pina-D1b、Pinb-D1b和Pinb-D1p,其频率依次为25.0%、2.7%、67.9%和4.5%。其中,野生型和Pinb-D1p主要分布在江苏淮北地区。不同硬度基因型的硬度值也存在差异,其中以Pina-D1b基因型的硬度值最高,野生型(Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a)硬度值最低,Pinb-D1b和Pinb-D1p两硬质类型的籽粒硬度没有显著性差异。在Pinb-2位点,供试品种(系)中共检测到25份材料为Pinb-B2b基因型,包含21份硬质麦、2份混合麦和2份软质麦,其平均硬度值为63.8。 相似文献
5.
CIMMYT普通冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度及Puroindoline基因等位变异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给中国小麦种质资源引进、利用和品质改良提供信息,以国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)土耳其育种站提供的192份普通冬小麦新品系为材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测试仪、特异引物PCR扩增和改进的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳方法对其SKCS硬度及Puroindoline基因型进行了鉴定和分析.结果表明,CIMMYT普通冬小麦以硬质类型为主,但SKCS硬度值普遍偏低,平均值仅为60.7.所调查的192份材料中,硬质麦119份,占62.0%;软质麦49份,占25.5%;混合麦24份,占12.5%.硬质小麦共有4种基因型,分别为PinA蛋白缺失类型(Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a)90份、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型27份、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d类型2份和Pina D1b/Pinb-D1d类型1份,以PinA蛋白缺失类型为主,占总数的75.6%.Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d为Pina和Pinb基因的双突变类型.CIMMYT普通冬小麦籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline基因变异类型和分布的信息能够为中国冬小麦品质改良提供理论依据. 相似文献
6.
普通小麦籽粒硬度的分子标记研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
籽粒硬度是决定小麦磨粉品质和食品品质的重要性状，蛋白复合体Friabilin的两种主要肽Puroindolinea（PinA）和Puroindolineb（PinB）是决定籽粒硬度的关键。用单籽粒谷物特性仪（SKCS）、PCR技术和改进的SDS-PAGE方法分析了85份小麦品种的籽粒硬度和基因突变形式，结果表明，与软质小麦相比，硬质小麦品种在基因或蛋白质表达水平上发生了变化，有31份野生型的软质小麦Pina-Dla／Pinb-Dla和6份Pina-D1b／Pinb-D1a突变型，42份Pina-D1a／Pinb-D1b和6份Pina—D1a／Pinb-D1p突变型。 相似文献
7.
为给中国小麦种质资源引进、利用和品质改良提供信息,以国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）土耳其育种站提供的192份普通冬小麦新品系为材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测试仪、特异引物PCR扩增和改进的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳方法对其SKCS硬度及Puroindoline基因型进行了鉴定和分析。结果表明,CIMMYT普通冬小麦以硬质类型为主,但SKCS硬度值普遍偏低,平均值仅为60．7。所调查的192份材料中,硬质麦119份,占62．0％;软质麦49份,占25．5％;混合麦24份,占12．5％。硬质小麦共有4种基因型,分别为PinA蛋白缺失类型（Pina-D1b／P1nb-D1a）90份、Pina-D1a／Pinb—D1b类型27份Pina—D1a／Pinb—D1d类型2份和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1d类型1份,以PinA蛋白缺失类型为主,占总数的75．6％。Pina—D1b／Pinb-D1d为Pina和Pinb基因的双突变类型。CIMMYT普通冬小麦籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline基因变异类型和分布的信息能够为中国冬小麦品质改良提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
部分春小麦品种籽粒硬度及单粒硬度的频率分布 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
用单籽粒谷物硬度测定仪对55份春小麦品种(系)的籽粒硬度及其单籽粒硬度的频率分布进行研究,结果表明,品种(系)籽粒硬度变幅为11±18~86±16,其中硬质麦34份(1级29份、2级4份、3级1份),混合麦14份(2级4份,3级10份),软质麦7份(4级1份,5级6份),硬质、混合和软质类型比例分别为61.8%、25.5%和12.7%,极硬或极软类型少。东北春麦区、西北春麦区、青藏高原冬春麦区和新疆冬春麦区品种以硬质类型为主,北部春麦区软质和混合麦比例较高。籽粒硬度的分类与不同硬度范围单籽粒频率分布及其硬度均值有关,硬质麦硬度低于46的籽粒占1%~19%,高于47的籽粒比例为77%~99%,硬度均值58±18~86±16;混合麦硬度指数低于46和高于47的籽粒分别为26%~60%和40%~74%,硬度均值45±19~57±20。软质麦硬度指数低于46的籽粒为81%~97%,高于47的籽粒为3%~20%,硬度均值为11±18~33±19;软质或硬质品种籽粒分布集中,一致性较好;混合型品种籽粒分布分散,一致性较差。 相似文献
9.
为了探讨新疆冬小麦品种Pins基因等位变异对小麦磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响,对109份新疆冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度及其Pins基因等位变异、磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质进行测定,初步分析了新疆冬小麦品种资源籽粒硬度Pins基因的分布规律以及不同 Pins基因等位变异对籽粒硬度、磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响。结果表明,新疆冬小麦品种属硬质麦类型,Pins基因型以 Pina-D1a、 Pinb-D1b和 Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1b为主, Pins突变类型及Pins突变基因型组合类型小麦的籽粒硬度均显著高于野生型, Pinb-D1a基因型小麦的籽粒硬度最低,L*值和a*值最高,b*值最低; Pinb-D1ab基因型小麦的吸水率最高。不同Pins基因型组合中,野生型小麦的籽粒硬度、b*值和吸水率最低; Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1aa的出粉率最高, Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1ab的灰分含量最低,吸水率最高。Pins基因及其基因型组合对新疆拉面加工品质无直接影响,主要通过对灰分、面粉色泽和吸水率等磨粉品质的作用对新疆拉面产生间接影响。优质新疆拉面品种中,Pinb基因突变对新疆拉面加工品质的影响大于Pina基因突变,育种中应优先选择Pinb 基因突变型材料,其中 Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1b可以作为重点选择的基因型组合。 相似文献
10.
籽粒硬度与小麦市场分级定价、磨粉品质和食品加工品质密切相关。为给小麦品种选育和品种推广提供参考依据,用单籽粒谷物硬度测试仪测定了169份陕西小麦品种（系）的籽粒硬度,并利用分子标记检测和基因序列分析确定了硬质麦的基因组成。硬度测定结果表明,陕西参试小麦品种（系）存在硬质麦、混合麦和软质麦3种类型,分别为121、11和37份,依次占71.6%、6.5%和21.9%。陕西不同地区3种籽粒硬度类型所占比例明显不同。基因型分析结果表明,陕西硬质麦存在4种基因型,即PinaD1b、PinbD1b、PinbD1d和PinbD1p,分别有14、97、2和8份材料,占硬质麦比例依次为11.6%、80.2%、1.6%和6.6%。总体而言,陕西小麦以硬质麦为主,硬质麦主要由PinbD1b基因型组成。 相似文献
11.
This review summarizes the results of studies on near-isogenic common wheat lines differing in the Pinb-D1 allele encoding puroindoline B or durum wheat into which both wild-type puroindoline genes were introduced. The material was grown in different environments to evaluate the respective effect of puroindoline genes or of the environmental factors on grain characteristics and milling behavior.Environmental conditions were found to impact grain porosity (=1/vitreousness) and the presence of both wild-type puroindoline genes was found to reduce the vitreousness threshold under 60%. Hardness measurements with single kernel characterization system were found to differ from near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy analysis and were linearly related to vitreousness but differently depending on the puroindoline allele carried.Puroindoline genes were found to play a major role in the grain porosity, breaking energy, size of generated particles and in the concentration of phytic acid and damaged starch into flour whereas vitreousness introduced variations in the ability to break and in the level of damaged starch.Finally, the highest flour yield is obtained from either vitreous common wheat grains carrying the wild-type puroindoline alleles or carrying mutated alleles and displaying low vitreousness. This result was confirmed using common French wheat cultivars whose puroindoline genes were identified. 相似文献
12.
The exact mechanism underlying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernel hardness is unknown. Similar to puroindoline proteins, polar lipids are present on the surface of starch granules. The objective of this research was to determine the specific polar lipid species present on the surface of wheat starch from near-isogenic wheat lines that have different puroindoline haplotypes and endosperm hardness. Four near-isogenic wheat lines were used in this study, all derived from the soft cultivar Alpowa. Direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the lipid species in whole-meal, flour and starch samples. Endosperm hardness had no significant effect on the polar lipid contents in wheat whole-meal, a slight influence on the polar lipid contents of the flour fractions and a significant influence on the polar lipid composition of the polar lipids located on the surface of wheat starch. The greatest quantities of polar lipids on the starch-surface occurred when both puroindoline proteins were present in their wild-type form. Starch-surface polar lipid content dramatically decreased when one of the puroindoline proteins was null or if pin-B was in the mutated form. The least amount of polar lipids was present when pin-B was in its mutated form and pin-A was in its wild-type form. 相似文献
13.
中国小麦历史品种puroindoline基因等位变异检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦籽粒硬度是市场分级和定价的重要依据,由位于5D染色体短臂的一对主效基因和多个微效基因控制。为了解我国早期小麦品种的硬度分布规律,本试验以来自全国10个省市的126份历史品种和高代品系为材料,对其SKCS硬度和基因型进行了研究。结果表明,我国历史品种中软质麦所占比例较高,为42.9%,显著高于先前报道的我国当前主栽冬麦品种中的软质麦比例;硬质麦所占比例为44.4%,显著低于先前报道的我国主栽冬麦品种中的硬质麦比例。各种puroindoline变异类型中, PinaD1b类型和 PinbD1b类型所占比例较大,分别为42.9%和39.3%,其余硬质类型均为 PinbD1p类型,为17.8%。截至目前,所发现的 PinbD1p类型均在中国品种中,由于早期中国与其他国家种质资源交换较少,因此,中国可能是 PinbD1p类型的起源地。在对各种puroindoline类型的硬度比较后,发现除各种puroindoline变异类型与野生型硬度差异达显著水平外, PinaD1b类型硬度值也显著高于 PinbD1b和 PinbD1p类型,而后二者之间硬度没有显著差异。` 相似文献
14.
新疆小麦品种籽粒性状、磨粉品质及其关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给新疆冬、春小麦品种籽粒性状与磨粉品质改良提供参考依据,以30个新疆冬小麦品种和36个新疆春小麦品种为试验材料,研究了新疆小麦品种籽粒性状、磨粉品质特性及其两者的关系。结果表明,新疆冬、春小麦品种籽粒性状基本相近,各有优劣,主要差异表现在硬度大小不同,冬小麦品种的硬度（47.1）小于春小麦品种（61.8）;冬小麦品种的出粉率和黄度分别高于和低于春小麦品种,说明冬小麦品种的磨粉品质优于春小麦品种。新疆本地育成冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度（51.8）小于春小麦品种（62.9）,出粉率高于春小麦品种,灰分、红度和黄度也高于春小麦品种。综合来看,新疆本地育成春小麦品种的籽粒性状略优于冬小麦品种,磨粉品质优于冬小麦品种。相关分析表明,新疆冬、春小麦籽粒硬度与破损淀粉率呈极显著正相关,与L*值呈极显著负相关;籽粒蛋白含量与面粉灰分呈显著正相关。说明籽粒硬度和籽粒蛋白含量与新疆小麦磨粉品质关系最为密切。总之,在新疆小麦籽粒性状与磨粉品质改良中,应以籽粒硬度和面粉色泽改良为重点,同时也要提高新疆小麦籽粒蛋白含量和出粉率。 相似文献
15.
Thirteen wheat cultivars grown in six locations were compared for kernel weight, protein content and grain texture, as determined by the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS). Moreover, puroindolines a (Pin-A) and b (Pin-B) bound to starch were quantified by densitometric scanning of A-PAGE fractionations. All cultivars shared allele Pina-D1a coding for wild-type Pin-A, and differed from each other in allele composition at Pinb-D1 coding for Pin-B. Cultivars with Pinb-D1a exhibited soft grain and high amounts of Pin-A and Pin-B compared to cultivars with Pinb-D1b or Pinb-D1d. Significant genetic variation for grain hardness and Pin-A level was detected in soft cultivars. The ratio between Pin-A and Pin-B levels in soft cultivars was approximately 6:5, whereas it varied between 9:5 and 10:1 in hard cultivars. Protein content was significantly correlated with Pin-B content (r=0.34) and SKCS value (r=0.36) in soft wheats. Significant correlations (0.68 and 0.73 for soft and hard wheats, respectively) were observed between Pin-A and Pin-B levels. Grain hardness was not correlated with puroindoline levels and Pin-A/Pin-B ratio in both textural classes. By contrast, kernel weight was found to act as a major environmental factor affecting grain texture in both soft and hard wheats. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,44(1):21-33
Kernel texture (‘hardness’) is an important trait that determines end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum turgidum ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.). Variation in texture is associated with the presence/absence or sequence polymorphism of two proteins, puroindoline a and puroindoline b. This work describes the flanking and coding region sequences of puroindoline genes from 25 accessions representing wild diploid taxa of the Triticeae related to the three genomes of T. aestivum. Analysis of variation at the nucleotide level included hard and soft T. aestivum wheat cultivars. Various degrees of insertions/deletions and point mutations were found, that did not affect the overall sequence structure identity. Nucleotide sequence comparisons and database searches facilitated the identification of the 5′ proximal regulating regions, revealing the presence of several putative control elements. An absolute conservation of some known regulatory elements for tissue specificity was observed, while different rates of conservation of reiterated motifs with possible enhancer functions, and the exclusive presence of some elements either in puroindoline a or puroindoline b were also found. A total of 24 new puroindoline alleles (unique sequences) were identified. Despite some primary structure variation, the main features of puroindolines, i.e. the signal peptide, the cysteine backbone, the tryptophan-rich domain, the hydrophobicity and basic identity of the proteins were all conserved. 相似文献
17.
Anneleen Pauly Bram PareytNiels De Brier Ellen FierensJan A. Delcour 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernel hardness is a major quality characteristic, which has been ascribed to the presence of puroindolines a and b. These proteins occur in higher levels at the surface of water-washed starch granules from soft wheat cultivars than at that of starch from hard wheat cultivars. In the present study, prime starch was isolated from flour from soft wheat (cultivar Claire) using a dough ball or batter based separation method. Starch isolated with the dough ball method contained lower levels of puroindolines, as well as of other starch granule associated proteins and lipids than that isolated with the batter method. Similar patterns of puroindoline and lipid levels after starch isolation can presumably be related to (polar) lipid binding by puroindolines. Both isolated starch fractions showed comparable differential scanning calorimetry thermograms, whereas higher levels of starch surface associated components restricted starch swelling. Necessary controls demonstrated that the observed differences did not arise from artefacts associated with hydration, fractionation or freeze-drying in the experimental protocols. Apparently, proteins and lipids at the starch granule surface impact water absorption and, as such, starch swelling, but they do not affect starch granule internal phenomena such as melting of the crystalline amylopectin chains. 相似文献
18.
为了给新疆小麦抗穗发芽育种提供理论依据和品种资源,利用Vp-1基因的功能标记Vp1B3检测了252份新疆小麦品种.结果表明,新疆小麦品种中Vp-1Ba(感穗发芽)、Vp-1Bb(抗穗发芽)和Vp-1Bc(抗穗发芽)基因型的频率分别为54.8%、3.2%和42.0%,以Vp-1Ba基因型为主.其中,冬小麦中抗、感穗发芽基因型的频率分别为39.2%和60.8%,以感穗发芽基因型为主;而春小麦中抗、感穗发芽基因型的频率分别为55.3%和44.7%,抗穗发芽基因型频率较高.农家品种、引进品种和育成品种中Vp-1Ba、Vp-1Bb和Vp-1Bc基因型的分布频率存在明显差异,依次为80.4%、0.0%和19.6%,39.5%、2.6%和57.9%,54.6%、4.6%和40.8%,农家品种和育成品种都以感穗发芽基因型为主.本研究结果还表明,STS标记Vp1B3检测方法简单、稳定性好,将其与整穗发芽法和发芽指数法结合使用,有助于提高选择效率. 相似文献