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樟子松木材高温干燥过程中水分的非稳态扩散和干燥能耗的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更加高效广泛地利用樟子松材,对不同初含水率(IMC)的木材进行高温干燥试验。探究相同厚度下不同初含水率木材高温干燥能耗。并依据非稳态扩散理论,在一定的实验条件下探讨不同初含水率对水分径向扩散系数的影响。结果表明:初含水率越高,扩散系数越大,在纤维饱和点附近达到最大值。当含水率在纤维饱和点以下时,水分扩散系数随着初含水率的增加而增大;而当木材含水率在纤维饱和点以上时,其扩散系数基本保持恒定。樟子松材高温干燥过程中,干燥时间越长,能耗越大;不同初含水率试件干燥结束时的能耗不同,初含水率越高,高温干燥过程用时越长,能耗越大。木材干燥过程中依据含水率的差异进行分级干燥可以达到节能的目的。 相似文献
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当木材细胞腔中的水分(自由水)、蒸发完毕,而细胞壁中的水分(吸附水)达到饱和状态时木材的含水率称为纤维饱和点。纤维饱和点是木材材性的转折点,并因树种不同和温度的改变而变化。当湿木材由室温冷至水的冰点时,木材的纤维饱和点m_f增高,导致木材膨胀。其原因是,木材细胞壁中水的蒸汽压p随着温度的降低比液态水的饱和蒸汽压p。的降低来得迅速,即p相似文献
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采用非稳态法测定龙竹竹材热压干燥过程中的水分扩散系数,并探讨了温度对水分扩散系数的影响.结果表明:干燥温度越高,干燥各阶段水分扩散系数及平均水分扩散系数也越大;初始高含水率阶段,随含水率逐渐降低,水分扩散系数呈逐步增加趋势,在纤维饱和点附近时达最大值;随后,随含水率逐渐降低呈逐步减少趋势. 相似文献
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锯材在纤维饱和点以下干燥时,水分的迁移过程主要是以非稳态扩散形式进行的,非稳态扩散指木材内部的水流通量和含水率梯度随时间和空间而变化。为了给木材干燥提供依据,采用非稳态法在一定的试验条件下测定了木材的水分扩散系数,探讨了不同材种、干燥介质温度、初始含水率、纹理方向对扩散系数的影响。结果表明:扩散系数与树种有一定的关系,通过比较,樟子松的扩散系数为7.06×10~(-6)cm~2/s,杨树的扩散系数为9.61×10~(-6)cm~2/s,杨树的扩散系数大于樟子松的扩散系数;在纤维饱和点以下,初始含水率30%时樟子松的木材水分扩散系数为7.54×10~(-6)cm~2/s,25%时为7.06×10~(-6)cm~2/s,20%时为6.61×10-6cm~2/s,15%时为6.37×10~(-6)cm~2/s,初始含水率越高,水分扩散系数越大;在相同条件下,干燥介质的温度为90℃、80℃、70℃、60℃、50℃时,对应的樟子松木材水分扩散系数分别为8.04×10~(-6)cm~2/s、7.32×10-6cm~2/s、6.63×10~(-6)cm~2/s、5.94×10~(-6)cm~2/s、4.91×10~(-6)cm~2/s,扩散系数随着温度的升高而增大;在不同的纹理方向,木材水分扩散系数不同,樟子松纵向、径向、弦向的扩散系数分别为7.06×10~(-6)cm~2/s、3.63×10-6cm~2/s、2.14×10~(-6)cm~2/s,由大到小依次为纵向、径向、弦向。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(6)
【目的】基于低场核磁共振技术考察木材干燥过程中水分的横向弛豫特性,以阐释干燥时木材中水分状态的变化机制,为木材干燥及水分处理提供理论依据及数据支持。【方法】以20 mm(L)×5 mm(R)×5 mm(T)的南方松为试验材料,采用两步法将试材从饱水状态干燥至约5%含水率,通过定期测定含水率和横向弛豫时间,分析木材干燥时内部水分状态变化及迁移情况,探究自由水与吸着水的分界及其与纤维饱和点的关系。【结果】1)饱水试材存在2个明显的弛豫峰和1个峰肩,三者的横向弛豫时间为67.65、1.24和11~13 ms,分别对应着细胞腔中的自由水、细胞壁中的吸着水和微毛细管系统中的毛细管水。2)木材干燥初期,自由水含水率不断下降,在总含水率为20%左右时,自由水才蒸发殆尽;吸着水含量在木材干燥至40%总含水率时基本保持不变,当总含水率降到40%以下时,吸着水即开始解吸。3)随着干燥过程的进行,自由水的横向弛豫时间随含水率的降低而不断减小;而多、单分子层吸着水的横向弛豫时间则以6%左右的含水率为界分别表现出轻微下降和显著下降的不同趋势。【结论】1)木材中主要存在3种类型的水分,分别为自由水、吸着水和毛细管水。2)平均含水率在传统定义的纤维饱和点(30%)以下时自由水仍然存在,这主要是由于干燥过程中木材内部水分分布不均造成的,且在40%~20%含水率范围内,木材表层发生吸着水解吸的同时其芯层仍有自由水的排除。3)随着干燥过程的进行,自由水、吸着水弛豫峰的顶点位置持续左移,揭示2种水分的平均横向弛豫时间不断减小,即在干燥过程中,木材对残余水分的束缚逐渐增强,干燥难度也随之增加。 相似文献
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陈宏 《林业机械与木工设备》2001,29(10):18-19
１ 木材含水特性及单板干燥规律 木材中所含的水分可分为两部分。一部分存在于木纤维中，称为吸附水；当木纤维吸附水达到饱和后，再多余的水就存在于细胞腔中，这种水称自由水。当吸附水刚刚达到饱和，而无自由水时，木材的含水率称为临界含水率。不同树种的临界含水率各不相同，一般都在２５％～３５％之间。临界含水率是影响木材物理、力学性质的临界线。试验证明，当木材含水率小于临界含水率时，木材强度也随之明显变化：含水率越低，木材强度越高；反之，木材强度越低。单板干燥的目的就是通过加热方式，强制蒸发掉单板中的水分，降低… 相似文献
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实木的吸声性能与其微观构造有着紧密的联系,研究实木的吸声性能有着重要的现实意义。本实验利用阻抗管,研究了柳杉木材吸声性能与其纹理方向、厚度、心边材、木材含水率之间的关系。结果表明在纹理方向上横切面的吸声性能最好,边材略高于心材。在1 500~2 500 Hz内,随木材厚度的增加吸声系数不断增加,并且随厚度的增加吸收峰会向低频方向移动,随厚度增加高频的吸声系数会降低,纤维饱和点以下木材吸声性能明显高于纤维饱和点以上的。 相似文献
10.
百度试验条件下木材含水率场的数学分析及其实用意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为将控制工程理论中的系统辩识方法应用于木材干燥技术，本文建立起在进行百度试验时沿厚度方向木材含水率场随时间变化的数学模型并求出其数学解。这一数学解表述了在百度试验条件下木材初含水率、干燥时间、即时含水率和相应的扩散系数之间的动态函数关系。据此，可以通过试验的方法得到在此条件下不同树种木材水分在不同含水率条件下的扩散系数，从而为制定木材干燥基准给出必要的数据。本文试图为用控制工程理论研究木材干燥技术提供一条新的思路。 相似文献
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分析和讨论了影响马尾松木材横向液体渗透性及其各向异性的机理.对马尾松木材的径向液体渗透性和弦向液体渗透性进行了测量.结果表明,马尾松木材的径向液体渗透性大于弦向液体渗透性,并且,马尾松木材的径向液体渗透性和弦向液体渗透性都是从边材向心材逐渐减小,并随着含水率的下降而升高.其原因是径向液体流动的主要通道是木射线和水平树脂道,弦向主要是管胞壁和交叉场上的纹孔. 相似文献
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Li Xian-jun Zhang Bi-guang Li Wen-jun 《中国林学(英文版)》2005,7(2):47-51
In order to analyze the effects of the temperature gradient on moisture movement during the highly intensive microwave-vacuum drying, thermal diffusion of Masson pine wood was studied. Internal distribution of temperature and moisture in Masson pine samples sealed by epoxy resin and aluminum foil was measured, the magnitude of thermal diffusion was calculated and the influencing factors of thermal diffusion were discussed. Results showed that with the transfer of moisture toward the low temperature in wood, opposite temperature and moisture gradient occurred. The initial moisture content （MC）, temperature and time are important factors affecting this process; the thermal diffusion is in proportion to wood temperature, its initial moisture and time. The temperature and distance from hot surface is strongly linearly correlated, and the relationship between MCs at different locations and distance from the hot end surface changes from logarithmically form to exponentially form with the increase in experimental time. 相似文献
13.
Yeonjung Han Jun-Ho Park Yoon-Seong Chang Chang-Deuk Eom Jun-Jae Lee Hwanmyeong Yeo 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(6):469-476
This study aimed to clarify the conductance of moisture through wood cell components. Moisture diffusion coefficients were determined from three models (Stamm, Siau, and Kang et al.) and cell wall, pit, and ray dimensions were experimentally observed in a wood specimen. Fractions of moisture diffusing along each path in each of the models were analyzed. As moisture content decreased, the fraction of water diffusing as bound water through cell walls in tangential and longitudinal directions decreased while water vapor diffusion through lumens and pits became more dominant. Diffusion coefficients predicted by each model were compared with experimental values. Although predicted values differed from experimental values, predicted trends for diffusion rate dependence on moisture content were similar to the experimental results. In particular, the models of Stamm and Kang et al., which consider moisture transport through rays and pits, show a very consistent trend for transverse diffusion, which is always faster radially than tangentially. Input of more accurate dimensions of cell walls and cavities into the models should result in more reliable values, closer to the experimentally determined diffusion coefficients. 相似文献
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对广东省蕉岭长潭自然保护区的阔叶混交林、马尾松林、杉木林、毛竹林、针阔混交林等五种典型林分的土壤水分物理性质进行了研究,结果表明：（1）五种林分类型土壤自然含水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量的排序为毛竹林〉针阔混交林〉马尾松林〉杉木林〉阔叶混交林;非毛管孔隙度和非毛管持水量的排序为针阔混交林〉阔叶混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林〉毛竹林。（2）五种林分的非毛管孔隙度;阔叶混交林、杉木林、针阔混交林的总孔隙度;阔叶混交林的毛管持水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、非毛管持水量;针阔混交林的自然含水量、毛管持水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、非毛管持水量都是随着土层深度的增加而减少。阔叶混交林、毛竹林、杉木林、针阔混交林的土壤容重是随土层深度的增加而增加。（3）同一土层不同林分间的容重、孔隙度、自然含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量和最小持水量都没有显著差异,而同一林分的物理性质和持水特性在不同土层之间存在显著差异。 相似文献
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马尾松木材热处理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用单因素试验方法对马尾松木材进行热处理研究,选用温度和时间两个因素,比较了热处理和未处理马尾松木材的物理力学性质、色差和甲醛吸收率等性能。研究认为:热处理材的颜色随着热处理温度的升高和热处理时间的增加而变黑,并且热处理温度对热处理材的影响比热处理时间的影响要大。低温热处理时生产的热处理材的湿胀率比高温热处理生产的热处理材的湿胀率高,尺寸稳定性差。热处理材的静曲强度MOR和弹性模量MOE随着热处理温度和热处理时间的增加而降低。顺纹抗压强度变化较小。热处理材对甲醛有明显的吸收作用,是用于室内装饰的良好环保型材料。 相似文献
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松香分析中影响不皂化物含量的关键因素及机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了在脂松香分析测定过程中影响松香不皂化物含量测定的关键因素及其影响机理,讨论了树脂酸在皂化过程中的形态变化特征及其导致不皂化物需要进行树脂酸校正操作和计算的理论依据。结果表明,马尾松松香的不皂化物中易挥发组分最多,湿地松松香的不皂化物含量较高,易挥发组分含量也相对较高,加勒比松松香和南亚松松香不皂化物中可挥发性物质较少。随着烘干温度的提高,松香中不皂化物的含量降低,但高温可能明显地使松香不皂化物中易氧化的醛类物质等发生了部分氧化,致使4种松香不皂化物的酸价则呈增加的趋势,但是,松香不皂化物中存在的酸性应主要来源于由强碱和弱酸形成的松香树脂酸盐类与松香树脂酸之间的电离平衡反应。 相似文献
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Summary The transport of heat and moisture during the convective drying of southern pine was examined experimentally. Moisture distribution within the wood samples was measured using gamma attenuation. The accuracy of these measurements was found to be moisture content dependent with estimated uncertainties ranging from 29.5% at 10% moisture content to 6.8% at 120% moisture content. Local moisture content measurements reveal large inflections at high moisture contents. Peaks in moisture content are closely correlated with low fwood density and vice versa. Above the fiber saturation point the measured drying rate is not a well defined function of the moisture content. This is perhaps due to the biological variability of wood as well as grain orientation, although no definite conclusions could be drawn from the data with regard to the effect of grain orientation. The drying rate does not appear to be highly temperature dependent at high moisture contents. Below the fiber saturation point where diffusion is expected to be the dominant transport mechanism, the drying rate is less affected by biological variability and grain orientation, however, the effects of temperature are evident.The authors wish to acknowledge the support of this work by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number CME-7906367. We must also express our appreciation to staff members at Weyerhaeuser Technology Center who supplied us with wood samples. In addition to the authors, Mr. T. R. Brown, S. H. Moen, and D. Chow played a critical role in gathering much of the data 相似文献
18.
Analysis of moisture diffusivity of larch timber during convective drying condition by using Crank＇s method and Dincer＇s method 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Two analytical procedures （Crank＇s method and Dincer＇s method） for porous solid materials were reevaluated and used to determine moisture diffusion coefficients and moisture transfer coefficients for larch lumber subjected to drying. A diffusion-like equation was used to describe drying process data. The lumber was idealized in the modeling as infinite plates. The moisture transport process inside the board was assumed to be one-dimensional. The macroscopic drying kinetics curves of larch timber at particular conditions were determined experimentally. Based on these data, calculation for both the moisture diffusion coefficients and moisture transfer coefficients by the Dincer＇s analytical procedure were made. The dynamic moisture diffusion coefficients by the traditional Crank＇s method were calculated. In general, diffusion coefficients calculated by the Dincer＇s method were all higher than those by Crank＇s method. These results could be due to the differences between two analytical methods and also different characteristics between solid moisture diffusion process and heat transfer process. Therefore the analysis and solution procedures of moisture diffusion differential equations need to be adapted in the future. With drying temperature＇s increasing moisture diffusion coefficient （D） and moisture transfer coefficient （k） increases accordingly. Also the relationships between diffusion coefficients and temperature as well as material moisture contents were analyzed by using Arrhenius equation and bound water transport theory. 相似文献
19.
Martin Häglund 《Wood Science and Technology》2007,41(6):477-490
Knowledge of effects of moisture exposure on timber structures is important for serviceability and load bearing capacity of
timber elements and systems. Varying climate affects the moisture content profiles in timber as the relative humidity changes
in the ambient air. This paper presents methods for calculation of diffusion based moisture transport and corresponding results
on how timber responds to varying moisture with regard to moisture penetration and distribution. The calculations are based
on measured outdoor relative humidity and temperature at different climatic locations in Sweden. No remarkably large deviations
between the different climatic locations were found in general, which is positive in a design code perspective. 相似文献