共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
磷水平对不同磷效率水稻生长及磷、锌养分吸收的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
选择4个耐低磷水稻基因型508、99011、580、99112和2个磷敏感基因型99056、99012，用土培盆栽进行全生育期试验，研究不同磷水平对它们生长及吸收利用磷和锌的影响。结果表明，不同耐低磷水稻基因型不仅吸收利用磷的能力不同，对锌的吸收利用也存在差异。耐低磷基因型580、99011和508都具有较大的生物量，且受磷水平影响较小；而耐低磷基因型99112和磷敏感基因型99056、99012生物量都较小且受磷水平影响较大。耐低磷基因型580和99011吸收的磷较多；而508的利用效率更占优势。99056吸收的磷较少，尤其在低磷处理时吸收磷的能力较差；99012对磷的利用效率最低。30 mg/kg的磷处理显著提高植株体锌含量。从吸收锌的总量来看，580占绝对优势，其次是99011和508；99012吸收的锌最少，其次是99056。此外，在取样的3个时期，相同磷处理的P/Zn比均以99012最大，99056最小。 相似文献
2.
低磷胁迫下不同基因型水稻阶段性磷营养特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验研究了低磷胁迫条件下不同磷效率基因型水稻在分蘖期、孕穗期和成熟期的磷营养特征。在分蘖期,耐低磷基因型水稻吸磷量无论在何种磷处理条件下均显著高于低磷敏感基因型,低磷胁迫时,除99112T外其他耐低磷基因型水稻的磷利用效率也显著高于低磷敏感基因型;到孕穗期,耐低磷基因型水稻在低磷胁迫时仍具有较高的吸磷量,但是磷利用效率与低磷敏感基因型相比却没有明显差异;至成熟期,耐低磷基因型水稻的磷效率的贡献因子依次为：磷利用效率、吸收效率和转运效率。较低的吸磷量是99012S（低磷敏感基因型）在不同生育时期磷效率低下的主因,在生育前期磷吸收和利用效率低下及后期磷利用效率低下是另一个低磷敏感基因型99056S磷效率低下的主要原因。低磷胁迫还滞后了低磷敏感基因型的磷吸收,并随着低磷胁迫的加剧而增强。 相似文献
3.
砷胁迫下磷用量对不同磷效率水稻苗生长、磷和砷吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验研究了苗期砷胁迫下磷用量对磷高效水稻99011和磷低效水稻99056生长以及对P、As吸收的影响。试验设3个磷水平（0、30、150 mg/kg）和5个砷水平（0、25、50、100、200 mg/kg）。结果表明,苗期施砷显著增加了两个水稻品种地上部及地下部砷的含量,降低了两个水稻品种的株高、分蘖数、地上部及地下部干质量;施磷不但促进了两个水稻品种的生长,而且还增加了根系对砷的吸收量。当土壤砷浓度为25 mg/kg和50 mg/kg时,施用30 mg/kg磷抑制了两个水稻品种砷向地上部的转移,但施用150 mg/kg磷却促进了砷向地上部的转移。相同的处理,磷高效水稻99011地上部干质量和根干质量均显著高于磷低效水稻99056。施砷后,在30 mg/kg磷水平上磷低效水稻99056的砷转移系数最低。 相似文献
4.
磷、铝胁迫对玉米幼苗生长和养分吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取5个基因型玉米品种,采用营养液培养,研究低磷和铝毒条件下不同基因型玉米苗期生长状况及对磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锌的吸收。结果表明,耐低磷基因型玉米品种适应低磷的能力较强,具有较长的根系和较大的根干重,株高受低磷的影响明显小于敏感基因型玉米品种。低磷胁迫增大了植株的根冠比,改变了植株对营养元素的吸收及其地上部和根系的分配。铝胁迫下,铝敏感基因型玉米品种根伸长受到铝的抑制作用大于耐铝基因型玉米品种,各种营养元素的吸收累积明显受抑制,耐铝基因型玉米品种地上部和根系相对干重下降较少,而敏感基因型玉米品种相对干重显著下降。 相似文献
5.
LI Yong-fu Luo An-cheng Muhammad Jaffar HASSAN WEI Xing-hua 《水稻科学》2006,13(4):283-290
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors to the crop production in most of the soils throughout the world [1]. The traditional way to alleviate P deficiency is the application of P fertilizer. However, the scarcity of P mineral resou… 相似文献
6.
Y.C.ALUWIHARE M.ISHAN M.D.M.CHAMIKARA C.K.WEEBADDE D.N.SIRISENA W.L.G.SAMARASINGHE S.D.S.S.SOORIYAPATHIRANA 《水稻科学》2016,23(4):184-195
Phosphorus（P） deficiency in soil is a major constrain for rice production. An important set of rice genotypes（landraces, old improved and new improved varieties） were screened for P deficiency tolerance in two major cropping seasons of Sri Lanka, in 2012. The Ultisol soil, which was collected from a plot cultivated with rice without fertilizer application for past 40 years（P0） at the Rice Research and Development Institute（RRDI）, Bathalagoda, Sri Lanka, was used as the potting medium for greenhouse trials. Two field trials were conducted in the same plots at RRDI. Both P0 and P30（30 mg/kg P2O5） conditions were used in the two greenhouse trials. At the early vegetative（three weeks after transplanting）, late vegetative（six weeks after transplanting） and flowering stages, plant height and number of tillers per plant were recorded. At the flowering stage, shoots were harvested and shoot dry weight, shoot P concentration, shoot P uptake and P utilization efficiency were measured. All data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, regression and cluster procedures. The measured parameters were significantly different between P0 and P30 conditions（P < 0.05）. Higher shoot dry weight was reported by the rice genotypes H4 and Marss under P0 conditions. The regression analysis between shoot dry weight and P utilization efficiency revealed that the studied rice genotypes could be categorized to three P deficiency tolerance classes. A total of 13 genotypes could be considered as highly tolerant and 4 genotypes as sensitive for P deficiency. These results could be used to select parental genotypes for breeding and genetic studies and also to select interesting varieties or landraces for organic rice production. 相似文献
7.
磷对水稻高Fe2+胁迫的缓解作用 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
采用溶液培养法研究了高Fe2+胁迫下不同磷水平对粳稻Azucena（耐铁毒基因型）和籼稻IR64（铁毒敏感基因型）的生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,与正常供Fe2+相比,高Fe2+胁迫抑制了水稻地上部和根系的生长,降低了干物质积累量和叶片叶绿素含量。外源供磷水平的提高,水稻地上部和根系生长受铁毒抑制程度有所减弱,叶片丙二醛含量和质膜透性下降,POD活性和叶绿素含量增加,而SOD活性则有所下降。表明在一定程度上,磷营养对提高水稻的耐Fe2+毒害具有重要作用,而磷对缓解Azucena的Fe2+毒害的效果较为明显。 相似文献
8.
Two strategies for achieving higher yield under phosphorus deficiency in winter wheat grown in field conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Under field conditions, phosphorus (P) deficiency reduces wheat yield by affecting different yield components. However, the physiological strategies by which wheat genotypes with different yield structures respond to low-P stress are not clear. In the present study, we investigated tiller, floret, and root biomass, and P uptake and remobilization at two levels of P under field conditions in three winter wheat genotypes with different yield structures and P-efficiencies. Results showed that P-efficient cultivars CA9325 and ND139 got higher yield and total P accumulation than P-inefficient ND3291 at low-P, but not at normal P treatment. However, both the P-efficient wheat cultivars tend to have the same advantageous yield components at both high P and low-P stress. CA9325, a large-eared genotype, developed more fertile florets, and therefore had more grains at low-P stress. Increasing the number of grains formed a large sink for P demand during the grain-filling stage. Correspondingly, this genotype developed large roots for sustaining post-anthesis P uptake. ND139, a multi-eared genotype, developed many more tillers at low-P stress, and formed more ears at maturity. P from infertile tillers was probably reutilized by the surviving tillers to ensure floret development. Correspondingly, the contribution of pre-anthesis P uptake in ND139 and subsequent remobilization of P to the grains was higher. It was found that larger root rather than higher root activity was the determinant factor in efficient pre-anthesis P uptake in ND3291 and efficient post-anthesis P uptake in CA9325. It is concluded that increasing wheat yield at low soil P availability can be realized by either increasing ears per plant or increasing grains per ear through crop management or breeding. 相似文献
9.
磷对水稻耐铝性及根尖细胞壁组分的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为阐明外源磷供应引起水稻体内磷代谢和根尖细胞壁组分变化进而阐述磷、铝间的相互作用,以水稻菲优多系1号(耐铝毒基因型)和红良优166(铝毒敏感基因型)为材料,水培条件下先用0.5、10和30 mg/L磷预处理9 d,然后用50 μmol/L Al处理48 h,研究铝毒胁迫下磷对水稻根尖的防护效应及磷作用下根尖细胞壁组分变化与水稻耐铝性的关系。结果表明,50 μmol/L Al处理抑制水稻总根长,尤其是在0.5 mg/L磷预处理后用铝交替处理时该作用更为明显。铝毒胁迫下,0.5 mg/L磷预处理时两基因型水稻叶片的丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量显著高于其他处理,10 mg/L和30 mg/L磷预处理显著降低两基因型水稻叶片的MDA、ASA和Pro含量,表明充足的磷供应减轻了铝对水稻的伤害。耐铝毒水稻根尖的果胶和半纤维素2含量在30 mg/L磷与铝交替处理时显著低于0.5 mg/L 和10 mg/L 磷与铝交替处理,根系的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性在0.5 mg/L磷与铝交替处理时显著高于10 mg/L与30 mg/L磷与铝交替处理。而铝毒敏感水稻的根尖细胞壁多糖组分含量、ACP活性在不同浓度的磷、铝交替处理间无显著差异。表明铝耐性水稻在缺磷条件下通过提高ACP活性以提供更多的Pi与铝结合钝化铝,在磷充足条件下通过降低细胞壁多糖含量以减少铝结合位点,进而提高铝毒耐性。 相似文献
10.
11.
淹涝条件下水温对水稻幼苗形态和生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究淹涝水温对具有不同耐淹能力水稻材料形态和生理的影响,明确淹涝水温对水稻幼苗耐涝能力影响的机理,采用盆栽试验,选取导入耐淹基因的耐淹品种IR64Sub1和淹水敏感品种IR42以及耐淹能力较强的品种冈优725和泰优398,设计20℃和30℃两种水温进行淹水处理,淹水时间分为0,3,6,9和12d。结果表明较低淹水温度下,水中的溶氧量显著高于高水温处理;随着淹水时间延长,高水温处理溶氧量下降速度显著快于低水温处理。高水温条件下水稻幼苗株高增长率要显著高于低水温处理,虽然高水温处理下耐涝品种株高增长率也显著增加,但是增长量要显著低于其他材料。高水温处理水稻茎鞘内可溶性糖和淀粉消耗高于低水温处理,但随着淹水时间的延长两种温度处理间差异逐渐变小,较低的水温可以减少叶片叶绿素降解速率。因此,降低淹水温度可以提高淹水条件下水稻幼苗的成活率。以上结果揭示了低水温可以减少茎鞘的伸长,减少非结构性碳水化合物的消耗及叶绿素的降解,从而水稻淹涝后能维持较高的成活率。这些发现有助于理解较低洪涝水温下水稻存活更长时间的机理。 相似文献
12.
13.
G．CHANDEL S．BANERJEE S．SEE R．MEENA D．J．SHARMA S．B．VERULKAR 《水稻科学》2010,17(3):213-227
Deposition of protein and metal ions (Fe, Zn) in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on rice grain protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents, 32 rice genotypes were grown at three different locations each under 80 and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applications. In treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application, the brown rice grain protein content (GPC) increased significantly (1.1% to 7.0%) under higher nitrogen fertilizer application (120 kg/hm2) whereas grain Fe/Zn contents showed non-significant effect of nitrogen application level, thus suggesting that the rate of uptake and translocation of macro-elements does not influence the uptake and translocation of micro-elements. The pH, organic matter content and inherent Fe/Zn levels of native soil showed significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents of all the rice genotypes. Grain Zn content of almost all the tested rice genotypes was found to increase at Location III having loamy soil texture, neutral pH value (pH 6.83) and higher organic matter content than the other two locations (Locations I and II), indicating significant influence of native soil properties on brown rice grain Zn content while grain Fe content showed significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Genotypic difference was found to be the most significant factor to affect grain Fe/Zn contents in all the tested rice genotypes, indicating that although native soil properties influence phyto-availability of micronutrients and consequently influencing absorption, translocation and grain deposition of Fe/Zn ions, yet genetic makeup of a plant determines its response to varied soil conditions and other external factors. Two indica rice genotypes R-RF-31 (27.62 μg/g grain Zn content and 7.80% GPC) and R1033-968-2-1 (30.05 μg/g grain Zn content and 8.47% GPC) were identified as high grain Zn and moderate GPC rice genotypes. These results indicate that soil property and organic matter content increase the availability of Fe and Zn in rhizosphere, which in turn enhances the uptake, translocation and redistribution of Fe/Zn into rice grains. 相似文献
14.
To screen for new sources of salinity tolerance, 688 traditional rice varieties from the Philippines and Bangladesh were obtained, and their tolerance to hypersaline conditions at the seedling stage was examined. A total of 29 Philippine lines and 15 Bangladeshi lines were scored as salt-tolerant.Morphological assessment(plant height, biomass and Na-K ratio) revealed that among the 44 salt-tolerant accessions, Casibon, Kalagnon and Ikogan had significantly higher relative shoot length difference, relative shoot growth reduction and shoot Na-K ratio than the tolerant check FL478.Additionally, AC and Akundo exhibited significantly higher Na-K ratios than the other genotypes. The genetic diversity of the 44 genotypes was assessed using 34 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 133 alleles were detected across all loci. Cluster analysis showed that AC, Akundo and Kuplod were clustered along with FL478, indicating a strong genetic relatedness between these genotypes. IR29(susceptible check) was singly separated. The haplotype analysis revealed that none of the 44 genotypes had a similar allele combination as FL478. These accessions are of interest since each genotype might be different from the classical salinity-tolerant Pokkali. 相似文献
15.
供锌水平对水稻生长和锌积累和分配的影响 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
通过对3个不同水稻品种（碧玉早糯、26715和浙农921）5个供锌水平（0.0、0.5、2.0、8.0、32.0 μmol/L ZnSO[sub]4[/sub]）处理的水培试验,研究供锌水平对水稻生长和锌积累的影响。结果表明,水稻地上部锌含量随供锌水平的提高而提高,不同的供试品种在不同的生育期地上部锌含量的变化趋势存在差别。不同的供试品种之间籽粒锌的积累差异极显著,精米中的锌含量随供锌水平的提高而提高;在8.0、32.0 μmol/L Zn水平下,籽粒锌含量差异不大,颖壳锌含量则随供锌水平的提高而提高;在≤8.0 μmol/L时,精米锌含量比颖壳高,而在高锌水平（32.0 μmol/L）下,颖壳的锌含量比精米高。 相似文献
16.
Submergence is a serious environmental condition that causes large loss in rice production in rain fed lowland and flood affected area. This study evaluated morphological and physiological responses of rice roots to submergence using two tolerant rice genotypes FR13A and Swarna-Sub 1 and two sensitive ones Swarna and IR42. The tolerant genotypes had higher survival rate and less shoot elongation but greater root elongation during submergence than the sensitive ones. After submergence,the tolerant genotypes also had higher root dry weight and more active roots than the sensitive ones.Tolerant genotypes exhibited less root injury, with less malondialdehyde production and slower electrolyte leakage after submergence. Tolerant genotypes also maintained higher concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in roots and shoots and higher chlorophyll retention after submergence than the sensitive ones.Our data showed that root traits such as root activity and root growth are associated with survival rate after submergence. This is probably accomplished through higher energy supply, and membrane integrity is necessary to preserve root function and reduce injury during submergence. These root traits are important for submergence tolerance in rice. 相似文献
17.
Bidhan ROY Sanjib BHADRA 《水稻科学》2014,21(4):217-223
The presence of Al in the rhizosphere of rice in acid soil restricts root growth and significantly reduces crop productivity.In this study,the effects of Al(30,60 and 90μg/mL)on seedling root growth,number of primary roots per seedling,seedling shoot length,number of leaves per seedling,seedling fresh weight,and seedling dry weight were studied.Rice genotypes were classified into three different classes,namely,tolerant,moderately tolerant,and susceptible,based on root tolerance index.The method of hydroponic culture was modified,and elaborated in the text.Toxic levels of Al in nutrient solution significantly decreased seedling root growth,number of primary roots,seedling shoot length,number of leaves per seedling,seedling fresh weight,and seedling dry weight.Few genotypes showed longer root length at 30μg/mL Al in nutrient solutions compared with the control.High levels of Al in nutrient solutions were highly toxic for rice seedlings.Based on root tolerance index,Radhunipagal,Gobindobhog,Badshabhog,Kalobhog,UBKVR-11,UBKVR-16,UBKVR-18,Khasha and IVT4007-B were classified as tolerant genotypes,and these genotypes may be used as donors for breeding of Altoxicity tolerance. 相似文献
18.
Influences of Cadmium on Grain Mineral Nutrient Contents of Two Rice Genotypes Differing in Grain Cadmium Accumulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Cd on grain Cd, K, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn accumulation in two rice genotypes (Xiushui 63 and Xiushui 217) differing in grain Cd accumulation under four Cd levels, i.e. 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg. Rice genotype greatly affected the grain K content, but not significantly for P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn contents. There were remarkable effects of additional Cd on the contents of P, Mg and Zn in grains, while not significant for K, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn contents. No significant differences were found in the interaction of genotype by additional Cd on these nine element contents. The low grain Cd accumulation genotype Xiushui 217 had significantly higher grain K, Mg, Cu and Mn contents than the high grain Cd accumulation genotype Xiushui 63, but the case was opposite for Zn, Pb and Fe contents. It also showed that Cd addition levels significantly influenced the K, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn contents in rice grains. Grain K, P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Mn contents reduced with the increasing rate of Cd addition. 相似文献
19.
Effects of Soil Salinity and Alkalinity on Grain Quality of Tolerant,Semi-Tolerant and Sensitive Rice Genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil salinity and alkalinity adversely affects the productivity and grain quality of rice.The grain quality of 19 rice genotypes characterized as salt tolerant (T),semi-tolerant (ST) and sensitive (S) was assessed in lysimeters containing saline and highly alkaline soils.Head rice recovery was reduced by salinity stress whereas it was not affected by alkalinity stress.The ratio of length to width (grain dimensions) was significantly reduced in the T genotype even at low electrical conductivity (EC,4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5),whereas in the ST genotype,it was significantly reduced at high salinity (EC 8 mS/cm).There was no significant effect of any levels of salinity or alkalinity on grain dimensions in the S genotype.Amylose content was significantly reduced in T and ST groups even at low EC (4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5) and the effect in the S genotype was only at high salinity.Starch content showed significant reduction at high salinity and alkalinity (EC 8 mS/cm and pH 9.8) in the T and ST genotypes and no significant effect was observed in the S genotype.The effect of both levels of salinity (EC 4 and 8 mS/cm) and high alkalinity (pH 9.8) on gel consistency was observed only in the S genotype.The tolerant genotypes IR36 under high salinity,and CSR10 and CSR11 under alkali stress showed less reduction in amylose content.The T genotype BR4-10,and ST genotypes CSR30,CSR29 and CSR13 showed better gel consistency under saline and alkali stress.Amylose content was affected even at low salinity stress and thus important to be considered in breeding rice for salt tolerance.Overall,the grain quality of T and ST genotypes was less affected by saline and alkali stress compared to S ones. 相似文献
20.
甘蓝型油菜不同磷效率基因型对土壤难溶性磷吸收利用的差异 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文采用根箱试验，初步研究了磷正常和低磷胁迫下甘蓝型油菜磷高效基因型97081和低效基因型97009在植株生长、磷的累积、以及对根际土和非根际土不同形态磷吸收和利用方面的差异。结果表明，磷高效基因型在缺磷胁迫下能够产生较多的生物量；具有较强的吸收和积累磷的能力；土壤中不同形态磷的分级试验表明，低磷胁迫下磷高效基因型97081根际土的速效磷、Al-P和Ca-P浓度均低于磷低效基因型97009，暗示磷高效基因型具有较强的活化吸收土壤中Al-P和Ca-P的能力。 相似文献