共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 115 毫秒
1.
不同生育期灌水和施氮对河西地区春小麦生长和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过大田小区试验,设置4个氮肥水平和6个不同生育期灌水处理,研究了不同生育期灌水和施氮对河西地区春小麦的生长及产量的影响。结果表明:与春小麦各个生育期都灌水(CK)相比,苗期、拔节期、抽穗期以及苗期+灌浆期不灌水对春小麦的株高、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质的累积都有显著的影响,其中苗期、苗期+灌浆期不灌水对株高、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质的累积量影响最大。在平均氮肥水平下,苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期以及苗期+灌浆期不灌水春小麦的产量与对照相比分别降低25.63%、11.88%、13.67%、10.38%及34.06%。因此,苗期不灌水和苗期+灌浆期不灌水对春小麦的产量影响最大,其次为抽穗期不灌水、拔节期不灌水和灌浆期不灌水。施氮对不同生育期灌水的春小麦的株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质的累积量、收获指数(HI)、穗粒数、有效小穗数和产量都有显著的促进作用。 相似文献
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在自然条件下,通过增加不同强度的紫外线-B(UV-B)辐射,对宁夏地区春小麦叶片光合速率日变化和水分利用效率进行了研究。研究发现经增加R1强度(0.5 W/m2)UV-B辐射处理的春小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率比对照分别下降了19.0%、9.8%、22.7%和10.2%,而经增加R2强度(1.0 W/m2)UV-B辐射处理的春小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率比对照分别下降了48.8%、19.5%、53.6%和36.3%。表明,在自然条件下,春小麦叶片的光合作用随UV-B辐射增强而减小,水分利用效率也随之降低。 相似文献
3.
种植密度对糜子生长发育及产量影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用完全随机区组试验设计,以河曲大红黍为材料,设定6个密度处理,研究不同种植密度对糜子的株高、茎粗、分蘖数等形态指标,单株叶面积、叶绿素相对值、光合速率等光合指标,干物质积累量,产量构成因素及产量的影响;运用非线性回归分析的方法,对密度与作物产量的经验模型进行模拟.结果表明:种植密度超过一定范围值时,随着密度的增加,株高增大,茎粗变细,分蘖数减少和光合生理指标均降低,穗重、穗粒重和有效穗粒数逐渐减少,干物质积累量减少,产量降低;产量随着种植密度增加呈先升后降的趋势,二次曲线模型的方程式为Y=176.78471+ 11.51879X-1.29607X2,理论最适密度范围为4万株/666.7m2-5万株/666.7m2. 相似文献
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不同灌溉量对春小麦生长及产量构成的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
在大田条件下,研究不同灌溉量对干旱半干旱地区春小麦生长及产量构成的影响,以期为春小麦节水灌溉提供理论依据.结果表明,灌溉量为4 286 m3/hm2(常规对照灌溉量4 495 m3/hm2,减少209 m3/hm2)未对春小麦生长及产量造成不利影响;灌溉量为3 6 70 m3/hm2(比常规灌溉量减少825 m3/hm2)对春小麦生长产生了部分不利影响,但没有使产量明显降低;灌溉量为3 060 m3/ hm2(比常规对照减少1 435 m3/hm2)使春小麦株高降低、干鲜重减少、产量明显减少,对春小麦生长及产量产生明显不利影响.综合考虑,正常年份宁夏引黄灌区春小麦适宜灌溉量在3 900～4 200 m3/hm2,尚有200～5 00 m3/hm2的节水潜力. 相似文献
5.
以玉米中地77为材料,研究了辽西半干旱区控制灌溉条件下种植密度对玉米生长和耗水的影响.结果表明,随着玉米的生长,株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、穗长、轴重、行粒数、穗粒数和穗粒重随种植密度的增加有减小的趋势,穗粗和穗行数受种植密度的影响较小,但叶面积指数、秃尖、日耗水量、阶段耗水量和全生育期耗水量均随着种植密度的增加而增大,全生育期高密度玉米总耗水量高出低密度28.6％;回归分析表明玉米产量和水分利用效率均随种植密度的增加先增大后减小,综合考虑节水和增粮的目的,在辽西半干旱地区控制灌溉条件下,建议玉米中地77种植密度为6 ～ 6.75万株·hm-2. 相似文献
6.
紫外线-B辐射增强对葡萄植株形态的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
在室外自然光的基础上,增加0μW/cm2(CK组)、10.8μW/cm2(T1组)、25.6μW/cm2(T2组)3种紫外线-B(UV-B,280~320 nm)辐射强度,研究UV-B辐射增强对葡萄植株形态的影响。结果表明:(1)对于节间,处理组T1对近生长点的节间有一定的促进作用,但伸长量相对于CK不显著;辐射处理下生成的节间,最终随着辐射量的累积节间长度受到的抑制越显著,且T2>T1>CK。(2)与对照相比,处理组的株高和叶面积都有明显的降低,且T2相似文献
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冬小麦分蘖期复水对根、冠生长及其相互关系的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以冬小麦品种北农6号为材料,通过温室管栽试验,研究了苗期中度和童度缺水条件下分蘖期复水对冬小麦株高、叶面积、根、冠干物质积累、叶面积比、根冠比、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率等指标的影响.结果表明,苗期受旱程度不同的冬小麦分蘖期恢复供水后,其株高、单株叶面积、生物量及产量等都超过中度和重度缺水对照,表现出明显的激发生长效应.同时,各复水处理与对照相比,分配到冠部的干物质比饲均增加,R/S下降.在不同土壤水分条件下,冬小麦的水分利用效率随耗水量的增加而降低,中度水分亏块后分蘖期充分供水的处理,可以在少减产的情况下节约大量用水,从而达到提高水分利用效率的目的. 相似文献
9.
生育期水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦生长和水分利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索干旱地区有利于春小麦生长和提高产量的大田滴灌灌水模式,以春小麦永良4号为试验材料,在不同生育期(苗期~分蘖,拔节~孕穗,抽穗~开花,灌浆~成熟)设置5个土壤水分下限W1(55%、60%、55%、50%),W2(60%、65%、60%、55%),W3(65%、70%、65%、60%),W4(70%、75%、70%、65%)和充分灌溉(CK)(75%、80%、75%、70%),研究了不同生育期土壤水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:一定施肥水平下,随着土壤水分下限的提高,各处理株高、叶面积指数均不断增大,在成熟期充分灌溉(CK)处理分别比W4处理高2.19%和7.93%;不同水分下限处理条件下,春小麦干物质的总积累量和成熟期干物质向籽粒的分配量均为W4处理最大,比CK分别显著高5.63%和17.14%;各处理春小麦产量和水分利用效率随着土壤水分下限的增加均呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,其中W4处理的水分利用效率比W3处理降低2.82%,但其产量分别比W3、CK处理增加7.53%和4.07%。从节水增产的角度考虑,W4处理可作为基于本试验条件下较适宜的水分处理。 相似文献
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新疆春小麦黑胚发生与产量及加工品质之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过多点分析春小麦加工品质、产量表现和小麦黑胚发生的特点,发现干旱区春小麦黑胚发生率受环境的影响比较大,同一品种在不同地区表现结果不同,同时小麦的籽粒加工品质和产量也受环境条件的影响.小麦抽穗至成熟期间低温、多雨的环境条件有利于小麦黑胚病的发生,也有利于产量的提高,但这种环境条件不利于优良品质的形成.黑胚率高的小麦千粒重和容重较高,降落数值较小,发芽的可能性增大,籽粒蛋白质含量较低,面团流变学特性较差,小麦总体加工品质变差. 相似文献
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Li ZHUANG YaNing CHEN WeiHong LI ZhongKe WANG College of Biology Shihezi University Shihezi China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 《干旱区科学》2011,3(4):261-267
Populus euphratica Oliv.is an old desert tree species that has been naturalized and invades zones along the watercourses in many arid and semiarid regions.The plant species developed some plasticity to adapt to the gradual environmental gradients.The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the changes in leaf morphology of P.euphratica reflect the adaptability of the plant to the unique environment of the lower reaches of Tarim River in China.The foliar architecture,blade epidermal and internal anatomies of P.euphratica were analyzed at different sites along the Tarim River.Compared with the abaxial surface of the leaves,their adaxial surface has more hairs,a greater stomatal density and opening,higher mesophyll proportion,and increased blade thickness,palisade width,and epidermal thickness.The long trichome of the roots found at site 6 in the Yinsu section may be an adapted structure of the plants in arid areas.The mature leaves of P.euphratica have comparatively more epidermis and cuticles,well developed palisades and more chloroplasts at different sites compared to the young leaves.Foliar morphological and anatomical variability in P.euphratica may be considered an adaptive advantage that enables leaves to develop and function in different habitats,marked by strong variations in solar radiation,air temperature,humidity and water table. 相似文献
13.
辽西半干旱区秋后覆膜保墒对翌年春玉米生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对辽西半干旱地区春旱严重、降雨资源年内分布不均的气候特点,在秋收后、霜冻之前进行灭茬覆膜处理,试验对旱地雨水资源跨时间调节。翌年春季土壤含水量、玉米生长状况及产量的试验结果表明,秋覆膜处理的耕层土壤含水量比未覆膜处理高出60%,播种15d后玉米出苗率达到85%,抽穗期玉米株高比未覆膜处理高33cm、径粗增加0.42cm,秋收时玉米穗重比未覆膜处理提高了49.62%。研究表明,春墒秋保、跨时间调控农田水分状况是北方干旱半干旱地区有效的农业节水措施。 相似文献
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为探明保水剂施用条件下冬小麦生长与水肥利用的特征,采用田间试验,以不施保水剂和氮肥为对照,研究了单施氮肥(T2:225 kg·km-2)和其与不同用量保水剂配施(T3:N+保水剂30 kg·hm-2、T4:N+保水剂60 kg·hm-2、T5:N+保水剂90 kg· hm-2)处理对冬小麦生长、土壤矿质氮含量以及水肥利用等影响。结果表明:保水剂与氮肥的施用显著提高了小麦各生育期的小麦总群体、株高、叶面积、土壤矿质氮含量及水肥利用率等。各处理中,以T4处理对于总群体数、株高、穗长和穗粒数的提高效果最为显著,而T5处理对于小麦叶面积和千粒重的提高作用明显。随小麦生育期的推进,保水剂处理的根冠比均较对照低,尤其是T3处理。而各生育期土壤矿质氮平均含量表现为T4＞T3＞T5＞T2＞CK。最终小麦产量、氮肥农学效率、氮素生产力和水分利用效率,随保水用量的增加而先增后将,且均匀以T4处理最高,其分别比单施氮肥处理(T2)14.5％、55.9％、34.6％和25.0％。说明各处理中,以T4处理对小麦的生长、增产及水肥利用的效果最佳。 相似文献
15.
Karel Klem Petra Rajsnerová Kateřina Novotná Otmar Urban Michal V. Marek 《Weed Biology and Management》2014,14(4):262-270
The impact of the relative time of emergence on the growth allometry of Galium aparine L. (cleavers) in competition with Triticum aestivum L. (spring wheat) was studied in a greenhouse experiment. The hypothesis that changes in growth allometry, particularly in the leaf area/height ratio, caused by a shift in the relative time of emergence, could lead to plants overcoming the competition or to competitive suppression was tested. The plant height, dry weight, total leaf area and vertical distribution were analyzed during the first 83 days of growth. The late emergence of G. aparine substantially influenced the growth dynamics for the dry weight and total leaf area. The dynamics of height growth were affected only following a significant delay in G. aparine emergence. The ratio of dry weight to total leaf area was almost unaffected by the competition. By contrast, the allometric relationship between the plant height and total leaf area was highly sensitive to the relative time of emergence. The results suggest that height is the most important growth trait for the plants to resist increasing competition. Even though the plants responded to competition with elongation, the physiological costs linked with “shade avoidance” caused reductions in the dry weight and leaf area growth that resulted in the total suppression of the late‐emerging individuals, in particular when their emergence was >10 days after that of the crop. 相似文献
16.
不同土壤水分条件下宁南旱地春小麦覆膜穴播栽培效应研究初报 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在宁南旱农试区就不同土壤水分条件下旱地春步麦覆膜穴播栽培效应进行研究,结果表明：地膜覆盖对春小麦生长发育具有明显的促进作用,与露地小麦相比,覆膜春小麦生育进程提前,生育期延长,植珠高大健壮,其叶面积系数、干物质重都显著提高,覆膜可使春小麦单位面积穗数,穗粒数,千粒重显著增加,产量增加幅度达３０．２３％￣４５．８９％,同一水分处理,覆膜与露地春小麦耗水差异不大,但覆膜春小麦ＷＵＥ显著提高,增幅达４９ 相似文献
17.
IQBAL Rashid 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):785-794
Water is the main factor for the healthy life of plant. One of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water that is lethal for plant. Globally, for water deficit regions(arid and semi-arid), drought is the main factor responsible for low production of agriculture, especially for cotton. Great efforts have been and are being made to find alternatives to water saving practices. This study aimed to examine the effects of partial rhizosphere drying(PRD, half of the root system irrigated at one event, and the other half irrigated in the next event, and so on) with and/or without various mulching treatments on physiological and biochemical traits of cotton. To explore this objective, we laid out experiments in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan in 2016. Two factors included were four mulching treatments(M_0, no mulching; M_1, black plastic mulching; M_2, wheat straw mulching; and M_3, cotton sticks mulching) and two irrigation levels(I_0, control(full irrigation); and I_1, PRD). Fisher's analysis of variance among means of treatments was compared using least significant difference test at 5% probability level. Results revealed that the maximum plant height, leaf area, leaf gas exchange(photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance), chlorophyll, proline and total sugar contents, and enzyme activities were higher under M_2 than under other three mulching treatments. As for irrigation levels, higher values of plant height, photosynthesis and water related parameters(leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, leaf turgor potential, etc.) were recorded. Contents of total sugar and proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in PRD-treated plants than in control plants. It was concluded that combined application of PRD and mulching was more effective than the rest of the treatments used in the experiment. Similar study can be conducted in the field by applying irrigation water in alternate rows in semi-arid regions. 相似文献