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植保无人机飞行高度与方向对棉田雾滴沉积分布的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了探究植保无人机喷施作业飞行高度和方向对雾滴沉积分布的影响,通过设置3WQF120-12型智能悬浮植保机的飞行高度和方向研究了不同喷雾作业参数对棉田雾滴沉积的影响。用10 g·L－1诱惑红溶液代替农药在棉田进行喷洒,保持5 m·s－1的飞行速度不变,改变无人机作业高度和飞行方向进行喷雾;通过雾滴测试卡进行采样,对雾滴采集卡进行图片扫描,并采用图像处理软件DepositScan分析各处理的雾滴密度、覆盖率及雾滴粒径大小等参数。结果表明,在植保无人机作业速度保持为5 m·s－1的条件下,飞行作业高度为1 m时,雾滴在棉株上的沉积效果较好,且正向飞行试验的雾滴沉积效果优于逆向飞行。在棉田雾滴的沉积效果受到高度和方向共同作用的影响,同时环境风向和风速也是影响雾滴沉积的重要因素。 相似文献
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采用极飞3WWDZ-15A多旋翼植保机喷施棉花脱叶剂“棉田阔笑”（540 g·L－1噻苯隆·敌草隆悬浮剂）,通过布置雾滴测试卡研究了雾滴在棉花冠层的沉积分布情况,结合田间脱叶催熟效果调查及棉花纤维品质检测,研究了烷基乙基磺酸盐、农健飞和倍达通3种助剂对棉花脱叶催熟效果、棉花产量主要构成因素和纤维品质指标的影响。结果表明：采用无人机喷施脱叶剂,雾滴沉积分布满足脱叶剂施药要求。添加助剂的3个处理药后30 d脱叶率达到85.53%～100%,显著高于未添加助剂的处理。添加农健飞、倍达通助剂处理的棉花吐絮率分别为66.22%和60.73%,显著优于未添加助剂的处理。助剂对棉花铃重和衣分及纤维品质主要指标无不利影响。 相似文献
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雾滴分布特征影响作物上喷雾的施药效果,而喷施参数是影响植保无人机雾滴分布特性的重要因素之一。为了揭示施药量和雾滴粒径等喷施参数对电动四旋翼植保无人机雾滴在高大乔木橡胶树林段中分布的影响,以成龄‘热研7-20-59’胶林为试验地,分别设置18.75、37.50、75.00、90.00、105.00 L/hm2施药量,70、100、150、250 μm雾滴粒径,采用5点采样法在6个高度上测量水平方向及垂直方向的雾滴谱宽度、雾滴覆盖密度、雾滴分布均匀度等主要作业质量技术指标数据,结合橡胶树白粉病的防治效果,筛选四旋翼无人机的最佳喷施参数。结果表明,随施药量的增加,雾滴谱宽度呈下降趋势,雾滴覆盖密度显著增加;施药量在75 L/hm2及以上时满足最低施药雾滴覆盖密度的要求。随着雾滴粒径的增加,雾滴谱宽度呈上升趋势,雾滴覆盖密度无显著差异,雾滴粒径100 μm的水平分布均匀度最优。不同施药量和雾滴粒径的雾滴在橡胶林垂直方向的分布均匀度一致,穿透性良好。本研究筛选出施药量75 L/hm2和喷雾粒径100 μm的最佳喷施参数,在橡胶树白粉病最佳防治时期使用咪鲜胺（EW）和戊唑醇（SC）复配药剂进行田间飞防试验,效果优异,2块试验地的防效分别为65.7%和82.9%。本研究提供了一组橡胶树白粉病防治的四旋翼无人机施药参数,为植保无人机在橡胶林病虫害防治作业中提供参考。 相似文献
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指单位面积上施药量不变 将农药原液稍微稀释 用水量相当于常规喷雾技术的/～/。此技术提高了作业效率 不仅在温室中得到广泛应用 日本还开发出适合大田使用的低量喷杆喷雾机。 《中国稻米》2001,(2):36
一、低量喷雾技术
指单位面积上施药量不变，将农药原液稍微稀释，用水量相当于常规喷雾技术的1/10～1/5。此技术提高了作业效率，不仅在温室中得到广泛应用，日本还开发出适合大田使用的低量喷杆喷雾机。
二、静电喷雾技术
通过高压静电发生装置使雾滴带电喷施的方法。此法可使药液雾滴在叶片表面的沉积量显著增加，将农药有效利用率提高到90％，缺点是带电雾滴对植株冠层的穿透能力较弱。此技术在非洲已广泛用于棉铃虫的防治。 相似文献
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为明确搭载常温弥雾系统的植保无人机（简称为“常温弥雾植保无人机”）喷施不同剂型吡虫啉对棉田蚜虫防治效果（防效）的差异,选择乳油、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂和可溶液剂吡虫啉,按照相同有效成分用量42 g·hm－2在山东省临清市棉田喷雾进行苗期蚜虫防治。结果：常温弥雾植保无人机施药,叶片正反面的雾滴密度、雾滴覆盖率在4种剂型间差异均不显著;可湿性粉剂在叶片正反面的单位面积药液沉积量均最少,其中叶片反面的单位面积药液沉积量显著低于其他3种剂型;可湿性粉剂的农药利用率显著低于水分散粒剂和可溶液剂。从4种剂型田间防效看,可溶液剂最好,药后1～7 d防效为68.86%～83.07%,其次是水分散粒剂（药后1～7 d防效为65.34%～80.27%）和乳油（药后1～7 d防效为63.40%～79.18%）,这3种剂型间差异不显著;可湿性粉剂防效显著低于其他剂型,药后3 d为66.98%,药后7 d为58.73%。试验结果表明,采用常温弥雾植保无人机在棉花苗期施药对蚜虫的防效较好,且乳油、水分散粒剂和可溶液剂剂型的吡虫啉防效更佳。 相似文献
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[目的]研究木霉复合菌剂对水稻生长发育及产量的调控作用,以及最佳使用量。[方法]以营口市农业科学研究所自主研发的木霉复合菌剂对水稻叶面进行喷施。[结果]1.5 L/hm2的木霉复合菌剂喷施叶面后显著提高了水稻的株高、分蘖数、冠层幅宽,使水稻光合叶面积增加,且有显著的增产效果,增产幅度达11%以上。[结论]该研究为大面积应用提供了科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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【目的】水稻纹枯病是影响水稻生产的三大病害之一。研究卷积神经网络对水稻纹枯病的自动识别,弥补人工识别的不足,对预防和准确识别水稻蚊枯病类型有着重要意义。【方法】以卷积神经网络进行水稻纹枯病识别,并与基于支持向量机的识别方法进行对比。【结果】卷积神经网络识别率达到97%,优于支持向量机的95%。【结论】卷积神经网络运用于水稻纹枯病识别是可行的,弥补了人工识别的不足。此算法训练的模型有着较好的识别性能。 相似文献
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【目的】分蘖角度是水稻重要株型性状,合理的分蘖角度是培育理想株型、达到高产育种的一个关键因素。【方法】以控制水稻分蘖角度增大的显性主效数量基因TAC1为研究对象,构建不同品种背景下的TAC1近等基因系,通过单本栽插、多本栽插/高产栽培以及纹枯病菌接种鉴定,分析TAC1对其他农艺性状、纹枯病抗性、产量及品质的影响。【结果】同一背景近等基因系之间比较,TAC1使水稻品系分蘖角度增加,有利于减轻纹枯病危害,对其他农艺性状无不利影响。在高产栽培条件下,不同背景TAC1系有效穗数均多于tac1系;籼稻特青背景下,TAC1系结实率、千粒重及单株产量均高于tac1系;美国稻Lemont背景下,TAC1系结实率、千粒重及单株产量均低于tac1系;粳稻武陵粳1号、镇稻88背景下,TAC1系结实率和千粒重均略低于tac1系,单株产量略高于tac1系,差异不显著。加工及外观品质方面,特青TAC1系优于tac1系,武陵粳1号、镇稻88以及Lemont背景TAC1系较tac1系有劣化趋势,差异均不显著。【结论】叶片较长的籼稻品种,适宜的分蘖角度范围较窄,叶片较小的粳稻品种,适宜的分蘖角度范围较宽。适当增加水稻品种的分蘖角度,有利于减轻纹枯病危害。TAC1可用于株型紧凑型籼稻品种及粳稻品种的株型改良。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrostatic charge on foliar spray deposition in an Apulian “tendone” vineyard using an innovative pneumatic electrostatic sprayer. The sprayer was fitted with nozzles that linked the pneumatic atomization of the liquid, obtained using compressed air, to the electrostatic induction charge, thereby producing a stream of charged fine droplets. Furthermore, the sprayer was designed for low volume treatments, and the experimentation was carried out during a phenological stage with high leaf density to evaluate the performance of the machine under particularly challenging operative conditions.The sprayer was studied at three forward speeds (4, 5, and 6 km h−1), and gave poor deposition inside the canopy, whether or not the electrostatic system was activated. Forward speed did not significantly affect the mean foliar spray deposition, whereas activation of the electrostatic system significantly increased the deposit only on the layer of foliage nearest to the sprayer (lower layer), but had no effect on deposition on the layer of foliage inside the canopy (upper layer). The ratio between the deposits on the two layers (lower:upper) was 6.5:1 when the electrostatic system was switched off, and 9.0:1 when it was switched on.However, this behaviour may allow targeted treatments on grapes, such as with Plant Protection Products (PPP) or bio growth stimulants. Furthermore, the small droplets produced by the machine are suitable for table grape protection because the droplets do not mark the grapes, which would reduce the quality of the product and its commercial value. 相似文献
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【目的】旨在获得对水稻纹枯病有生防效果的拮抗细菌,探索生防细菌作用机理。【方法】通过苗期防病试验从本实验室保存的7株拮抗细菌中筛选对水稻纹枯病有较好防病效果的菌株。结合生理生化性状和16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,对生防细菌7-5进行初步鉴定,并通过PCR扩增、薄层层析等探讨7-5产生抗生素的种类。【结果】供试7株细菌中7-5、4-74和4-78对水稻纹枯病防效分别可达69.0%、70.8%和75.4%。其中4-74和4-78抑菌谱窄,7-5对水稻纹枯病菌、桃褐腐病菌和草莓灰霉病菌都具有较强抑菌能力。菌株7-5 鉴定为绿针假单胞菌;该菌株可产生吩嗪-1-羧酸、嗜铁素、氢氰酸、蛋白酶、藤黄绿脓菌素和2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚等抗菌物质,不产生硝吡咯菌素、几丁质酶和纤维素酶。【结论】绿针假单胞菌7-5主要通过产生抗生素防治水稻纹枯病。 相似文献
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A small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can spray pesticide with high efficiency and with no damage to crops is required for the timely and effective spraying of small fields and/or those in hilly mountains. The current study aimed to illuminate the influence of spraying parameters, such as operation height and operation velocity, of the UAV on droplet deposition on the rice canopy and protection efficacy against plant hoppers. Droplets of 480 g l−1 chlorpyrifos·(Regent EC) (at a dose of 432 g a.i. ha−1, spray volume rate of approximately 15 l ha−1) were collected using water-sensitive paper, and the coverage rates of the droplets on the rice canopy and lower layer were statistically analyzed. The deposition and distribution of droplets in the late stage of rice growth were closely related to the operational height and velocity of crop spraying as executed by the UAV, further affecting insect control. The spraying parameters for preventing plant hoppers were then optimized. When the spraying height was 1.5 m and the spraying velocity 5 m s−1, the droplet deposition in the lower layer was maximized, and the droplets exhibited the most uniform distribution (CV = 23%). The insecticidal efficacy was 92%–74% from 3 to 10 days after spraying insecticide. Both the insecticidal efficacy and the persistence period were greater than those achieved with a hand lance operated from a stretcher-mounted sprayer (at dose of 432 g a.i. ha−1, spray volume rate of approximately 750 l ha−1), especially on the 5th day, indicating that UAV had a low-volume and highly concentrated spray pattern to enhance the duration of efficacy. This work offers a basis for the optimized design, improved performance, and rational application of UAV. 相似文献
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不同施药器械、施药方法防治稻纵卷叶螟效果试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010年在长汀县以3wH-36"华盛泰山"牌担架式动力喷雾机、3WF-950"华盛泰山"牌背负式喷雾机、20型电动式喷雾器、3W8S-16型手动喷雾器进行不同施药器械、施药方法防治稻纵卷叶螟的试验.结果表明,3WF-950背负式喷雾机不仅省时省工,而且防治的效果显著高于20型电动喷雾器和3W8S-16型手动喷雾器,是... 相似文献
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目的 机插密度对水稻产量和品质有重要影响,但机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量与群体质量的调控作用尚不清楚。明确优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距可为水稻机械化高产优质栽培提供理论与实践依据。方法 以南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个江苏优质食味水稻品种为材料,在机插行距固定为30 cm的情况下,研究了10、12、14、16和18 cm五种株距对上述水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响。结果 南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个水稻品种的茎蘖成穗率、高效叶面积指数、粒叶比(粒重/叶面积)、抽穗后群体冠层净光合速率和抽穗至成熟干物质积累量均在株距为12 cm时最大。上述水稻品种产量均随株距增加呈现先增加先减少的趋势,产量与株距呈二次曲线关系。依据曲线方程计算出两年中南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46高产最适株距分别为11.6 cm,11.6~12.3 cm和10.8~11.4 cm。结论 机插秧行距固定为30 cm时,11~12 cm的株距有利于改善优质食味水稻的群体质量指标并提高其产量,可作为江苏省代表性优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距。 相似文献
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CHEN Yun ZHANG Yajun ZHANG Honglu ZHU An HUANG Jian ZHANG Hao GU Junfei LIU Lijun YANG Jianchang 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(6):550-560
【Objective】The mechanical transplanting density plays an important role in grain yield and quality in rice. However, the effects of plant spacing on grain yield and population quality of mechanically transplanted rice with good tasting have not been clearly understood. Clarifying the optimal plant spacing for good tasting rice could lay a theoretical and practical basis for high yielding and good quality in mechanical cultivation.【Method】In this experiment, three rice cultivars with good tasting quality (Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46) in Jiangsu Province were used as materials, and the effects of plant spacing (10 cm, 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm and 18 cm) on their grain yield and population quality were investigated under mechanical transplanting when the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm.【Result】Productive tillers rate, high efficient leaf area index, grain leaf ratio (grain weight/leaf area), canopy net photosynthetic rate after heading and dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity were the highest under the plant spacing of 12 cm in above three rice cultivars. Grain yields tended to increase at first and then decrease with the increase of the plant spacing, and the relationship of quadric curve was found between grain yield and plant spacing. The optimal plant spacing for grain yield in Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46 ranged from 11.6 cm, 11.6－12.3 cm and 10.8－11.4 cm in two years according to the curve equation, respectively. 【Conclusion】When the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm, the plant spacing of 11－12 cm was helpful to improve the population quality and increase grain yield, and it could be used as the optimal plant spacing for the typical rice cultivars with good tasting in Jiangsu Province under mechanical transplanting. 相似文献