共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A neutral templating route for preparing mesoporous molecular sieves is demonstrated based on hydrogen-bonding interactions and self-assembly between neutral primary amine micelles (S degrees ) and neutral inorganic precursors (l degrees ). The S degrees l degrees templating pathway produces ordered mesoporous materials with thicker framework walls, smaller x-ray scattering domain sizes, and substantially improved textural mesoporosities in comparison with M41S materials templated by quaternary ammonium cations of equivalent chain length. This synthetic strategy also allows for the facile, environmentally benign recovery of the cost-intensive template by simple solvent extraction methods. The S degrees 1 degrees templating route provides for the synthesis of other oxide mesostructures (such as aluminas) that may be less readily accessible by electrostatic templating pathways. 相似文献
2.
Ionically conducting polymers (polymer electrolytes) are under intensive investigation because they form the basis of all solid-state lithium batteries, fuel cells, and electrochromic display devices, as well as being highly novel electrolytes. Little is known about the structures of the many crystalline complexes that form between poly(ethylene oxide) and a wide range of salts. The crystal structure is reported of the archetypal polymer electrolyte poly(ethylene oxide)(3):LiCF(3)SO(3), which has been determined from powder x-ray diffraction data. The poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chain adopts a helical conformation parallel to the crystallographic b axis. The Li(+) cation is coordinated by five oxygen atoms-three ether oxygens and one from each of two adjacent CF(3)SO(3)(-) groups. Each CF(3)SO(3)(-) in turn bridges two Li(+) ions to form chains running parallel to and intertwined with the PEO chain. There are no interchain links between PEO chains, and the electrolyte can be regarded as an infinite columnar coordination complex. 相似文献
3.
M Templin A Franck Du Chesne A H Leist Y Zhang R Ulrich V Schadler U Wiesner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5344):1795-1798
Organically modified aluminosilicate mesostructures were synthesized from two metal alkoxides with the use of poly(isoprene-b-ethyleneoxide) block copolymers (PI-b-PEO) as the structure-directing molecules. By increasing the fraction of the inorganic precursors with respect to the polymer, morphologies expected from the phase diagrams of diblock copolymers were obtained. The length scale of the microstructures and the state of alignment were varied using concepts known from the study of block copolymers. These results suggest that the use of higher molecular weight block copolymer mesophases instead of conventional low-molecular weight surfactants may provide a simple, easily controlled pathway for the preparation of various silica-type mesostructures that extends the accessible length scale of these structures by about an order of magnitude. 相似文献
4.
A family of mesoporous molecular sieves (denoted MSU-G) with vesiclelike hierarchical structures and unprecedented thermal (1000 degreesC) and hydrothermal stabilities (more than 150 hours at 100 degreesC) associated with high SiO4 cross-linking was prepared through a supramolecular assembly pathway that relies on hydrogen bonding between electrically neutral gemini surfactants of the type CnH2n+1NH(CH2)2NH2 and silica precursors derived from tetraethylorthosilicate. The vesicle shells are constructed of one or more undulated silica sheets that are about 3 nanometers thick with mesopores (average diameters from 2.7 to 4.0 nanometers) running both parallel and orthogonal to the silica sheets, which makes the framework structure bicontinuous and highly accessible. Catalytic metal ion centers [for example, Ti(IV) and Al(III)] have been incorporated into the framework with the retention of hierarchical structure. 相似文献
5.
JB McClain DE Betts DA Canelas ET Samulski JM DeSimone JD Londono HD Cochran GD Wignall D Chillura-Martino R Triolo 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5295):2049-2052
Interfacially active block copolymer amphiphiles have been synthesized and their self-assembly into micelles in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) has been demonstrated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). These materials establish the design criteria for molecularly engineered surfactants that can stabilize and disperse otherwise insoluble matter into a CO2 continuous phase. Polystyrene-b-poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) copolymers self-assembled into polydisperse core-shell-type micelles as a result of the disparate solubility characteristics of the different block segments in CO2. These nonionic surfactants for CO2 were shown by SANS to be capable of emulsifying up to 20 percent by weight of a CO2-insoluble hydrocarbon into CO2. This result demonstrates the efficacy of surfactant-modified CO2 in reducing the large volumes of organic and halogenated solvent waste streams released into our environment by solvent-intensive manufacturing and process industries. 相似文献
6.
Zhai Y Pierre D Si R Deng W Ferrin P Nilekar AU Peng G Herron JA Bell DC Saltsburg H Mavrikakis M Flytzani-Stephanopoulos M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,329(5999):1633-1636
We report that alkali ions (sodium or potassium) added in small amounts activate platinum adsorbed on alumina or silica for the low-temperature water-gas shift (WGS) reaction (H(2)O + CO → H(2) + CO(2)) used for producing H(2). The alkali ion-associated surface OH groups are activated by CO at low temperatures (~100°C) in the presence of atomically dispersed platinum. Both experimental evidence and density functional theory calculations suggest that a partially oxidized Pt-alkali-O(x)(OH)(y) species is the active site for the low-temperature Pt-catalyzed WGS reaction. These findings are useful for the design of highly active and stable WGS catalysts that contain only trace amounts of a precious metal without the need for a reducible oxide support such as ceria. 相似文献
7.
考查了液化溶剂的组成、液化时间以及非离子型表面活性剂种类和用量对甘蔗渣液化效果的影响.试验结果表明,表面活性剂AEO-15对甘蔗渣液化促进效果最明显,相对未使用非离子型表面活性剂的液化溶剂体系,残渣率降低36.2％.对液化残渣的初步分析结果表明,残渣是难以液化的比较致密的结晶度较高的纤维束. 相似文献
8.
利用复配非离子表面活性剂作为溶剂 ,制备了增效脂溶性茶多酚溶液 .试验结果表明 ,茶多酚溶液在植物油中抗氧化性能明显优于合成抗氧化剂二丁基羟基甲苯、叔丁基对苯二酚 .在使用质量分数范围内 ,茶多酚的氧化产物不影响植物油的色泽和清亮度 .本文还对增效茶多酚溶液在植物油中的抗氧化机理和表面活性剂在非水体系中的增溶机理进行了探讨 相似文献
9.
P Yang T Deng D Zhao P Feng D Pine BF Chmelka GM Whitesides GD Stucky 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5397):2244-2246
Porous silica, niobia, and titania with three-dimensional structures patterned over multiple length scales were prepared by combining micromolding, polystyrene sphere templating, and cooperative assembly of inorganic sol-gel species with amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The resulting materials show hierarchical ordering over several discrete and tunable length scales ranging from 10 nanometers to several micrometers. The respective ordered structures can be independently modified by choosing different mold patterns, latex spheres, and block copolymers. The examples presented demonstrate the compositional and structural diversities that are possible with this simple approach. 相似文献
10.
Yang P Wirnsberger G Huang HC Cordero SR McGehee MD Scott B Deng T Whitesides GM Chmelka BF Buratto SK Stucky GD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5452):465-468
Mesostructured silica waveguide arrays were fabricated with a combination of acidic sol-gel block copolymer templating chemistry and soft lithography. Waveguiding was enabled by the use of a low-refractive index (1.15) mesoporous silica thin film support. When the mesostructure was doped with the laser dye rhodamine 6G, amplified spontaneous emission was observed with a low pumping threshold of 10 kilowatts per square centimeter, attributed to the mesostructure's ability to prevent aggregation of the dye molecules even at relatively high loadings within the organized high-surface area mesochannels of the waveguides. These highly processible, self-assembling mesostructured host media and claddings may have potential for the fabrication of integrated optical circuits. 相似文献
11.
选用CTAB阳离子型和SDBS阴离子型分别与Tween80非离子型表面活性剂进行复配，通过Zeta电位、吸附等温线以及沉降性能测定，研究了混合表面活性剂对水相介质中纳米CeO2颗粒分散稳定性能影响的协同效应。结果表明：不同混合表面活性剂体系中纳米CeO2颗粒表现出不同的表面电性，从而影响其分散稳定行为；纳米CeO2颗粒对两种混合表面活性剂均有良好的吸附性能，但其吸附等温线形式有所不同；碱性条件下，混合表面活性剂能显著改善纳米CeO2颗粒的分散稳定性，其中SDBS与Tween 80的协同作用更为明显。 相似文献
12.
Hollow silica and silica-polymer spheres with diameters between 720 and 1000 nanometers were fabricated by consecutively assembling silica nanoparticles and polymer onto colloids and subsequently removing the templated colloid either by calcination or decomposition upon exposure to solvents. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate that the wall thickness of the hollow spheres can be readily controlled by varying the number of nanoparticle-polymer deposition cycles, and the size and shape are determined by the morphology of the templating colloid. The hollow spheres produced are envisioned to have applications in areas ranging from medicine to pharmaceutics to materials science. 相似文献
13.
土壤中苯系物在表面活性剂溶液中的解吸研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠(LAS和SDS)，阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAB)和非离子表面活性剂(AEO-9和SA-20)对污染土壤进行解析试验。研究了用表面活性剂解吸土壤中的苯系物，从而为淋滤冲洗被石油污染的农田提供理论依据。试验表明，阴离子表面活性剂对苯系物的去除效率达95％，非离子表面活性剂对苯系物的去除率达85％，而阳离子表面活性剂无明显去除效果。 相似文献
14.
拟三元相图在高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂配方筛选中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以高效氯氰菊酯为例,通过拟三元相图系统研究了非离子与阴离子表面活性剂及其不同复配比例、不同有机溶剂、油相中有效成分不同含量及不同水质下高氯溶液／表面活性剂／水体系的相行为。研究结果表明：非离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂在质量比1：1时与非离子表面活性剂单用形成的相圈中水乳区的面积相差不大。而非离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂在质量比2：1、3：1时水乳区的面积无明显变化,但二者较质量比在1：1时水乳区面积明显增大。溶剂的不同对水乳区面积影响很大,而油相中有效成分的含量及水硬度的增加,水乳区面积有所增加,但影响不大。 相似文献
15.
高效氯氰菊酯微乳化复合表面活性剂体系的相行为及增溶 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
【目的】评价阴离子与非离子表面活性剂复配使用在高效氯氰菊酯微乳化形成与稳定中的作用。【方法】利用微乳液拟三元相图，研究了不同高效氯氰菊酯油－水－复合表面活性剂体系的相行为和最大增溶量。【结果】采用阴离子表面活性剂农乳500#与非离子表面活性剂农乳400#以1/1、1/2、1/3复配，高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂拟三元相图中单相区和可对水无限稀释区面积均比表面活性剂单用明显增加，复合体系的最大增溶量也显著提高；与农乳400#单用相比，当二者以最佳比例1/2复配使用时，实现相同高效氯氰菊酯与油相质量分数的微乳化，配方中所需最低表面活性剂的质量分数由52.5%下降到11.5%。【结论】采用阴离子与非离子表面活性剂适当比例复配使用，可以降低农药制剂微乳化表面活性剂的用量、提高农药有效成分含量，从而提高农药微乳剂的质量和市场竞争力。 相似文献
16.
17.
The toxicity of A1 that has been mobilized in soil, streams, and lakes through acid deposition primarily has been attributed to mononuclear A1 species. Polynuclear A1 species are more toxic than mononuclear species, but they have not been considered to be significant in the environment. Aluminum-27 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of forested spodosol soil horizon samples show the presence of polynuclear A1O(4)A1(12)(OH)(24)(H(2)O)(12)(7+). The AlO(4)A1(12)(OH)(24)(H(2)O)(12)(7+) species accounted for 30 percent of the aqueous A1 observable by NMR, and this could make a significant contribution to the toxicity of the A1 in these soils. 相似文献
18.
Mesostructure design with gemini surfactants: supercage formation in a three-dimensional hexagonal array 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
At low temperatures, liquid crystal-like arrays made up of inorganic-cluster and organic molecular units readily undergo reversible lyotropic transformations. Gemini surfactants, with two quaternary ammonium head groups separated by a methylene chain of variable length and with each head group attached to a hydrophobic tail, can be used to control organic charge sitting relative to the bivariable hydrophobic tail configurations. This approach has led to the synthesis of a mesophase (SBA-2) that has three-dimensional hexagonal (P6(3)/mmc) symmetry, regular supercages that can be dimensionally tailored, and a large inner surface area. This mesostructure analog of a zeolite cage structure does not appear to have a lyotropic surfactant or lipid liquid crystal mesophase counterpart. Through the modification of gemini charge separation and each of the two organic tails, these syntheses can be used to optimize templating effects, including the synthesis of MCM-48 at room temperature. 相似文献
19.
MAHong LIHong-yuan TAOBo 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2005,12(1):14-16
The paper researched effect of adjuvants on activity and persistence of soil-applied herbicide Anwei.There were five adjuvants(fertility, Q7, oil, anionic and nonionic surfactants) in the experiment. We explored the influence of adjuvants on activity and persistence of Anwei by field trial. The results indicated that QT, oil, anionic surfact.ant can increased activity of Anwei, and can lengthened its persistence for about five days. 相似文献
20.
采取物理涂敷的方式将疏水缔合聚合物（HAWP）直接涂敷到硅胶表面制备了HAWP涂敷硅胶固定相。对该固定相的元素分析结果表明HAWP被成功的涂敷到了硅胶表面。分别用蒸馏水、不同矿化度的试液作流动相,测定了不同碳数的单链苯磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐和双链苯磺酸盐在该固定相上的色谱保留参数, 并对不同种类磺酸盐类表面活性剂和固载疏水缔合聚合物间的相互作用进行了热力学研究。结果表明,在蒸馏水溶液中,疏水缔合聚合物处于舒展状态,与磺酸盐表面活性剂之间的相互作用主要表现为疏水效应和位阻效应的竞争;在盐水溶液中,疏水缔合聚合物处于收缩状态,与磺酸盐表面活性剂之间的相互作用主要表现为疏水效应,且盐水的矿化度越高,HAWP收缩越严重,与磺酸盐之间的疏水效应也就越小。 相似文献