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以湖南攸县黄丰桥国有林场为试验区,以1块林分边界规整的典型杉木人工同龄纯林为研究对象,测定林木胸径、树高、冠幅、冠高与活枝下高等测树因子及林木位置信息。研究冠形曲线函数,利用Direct 3D技术,实现冠形控制下的参数化林木模拟。研究林木模型格式转换方法,为林分场景构建提供模型数据,结合MOGRE技术,研究林分场景模拟技术方法,实现林分场景可视化模拟。结果表明：参数化林木个体建模算法简单适用,测树因子信息可直接用于林木个体可视化模拟,所建模型可体现林木个体差异,形态逼真;利用MOGRE技术可快速、有效模拟林分场景,所建场景真实感较强。此方法所需数据易于获取,适用性强,可对林木个体及林分场景进行逼真模拟,可为研究林木竞争关系、林分生长、林分结构与林分经营提供新思路。 相似文献
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基于Weibull分布的林分结构可视化模拟技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林分结构是林分生长和林分经营的理论基础,具有重要的生产实践和科研价值。以杉木人工林为研究对象,以30 m×30 m样地大小为例,以Weibull分布拟合林分直径结构,并进行x2检验。在已知林木算术平均胸径和林木株数的前提下,以C#语言为基础,结合Weibull分布模型、测树因子间关系模型、生物量估计模型、GDI+技术与MOGRE技术,实现了林分结构统计图表可视化模拟,并对林分进行了2维3维可视化模拟。结果表明:Weibull分布可有效拟合林分直径结构分布,可视化模拟技术使林分结构得到了更加直观高效的表达,为研究林分结构提供了新的技术手段,为提高森林经营管理水平提供了可视化决策平台。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2019,(6)
Korean larch(Larix olgensis) is one of the main tree species for afforestation and timber production in northeast China. However, its timber quality and growth ability are largely infl uenced by crown size, structure and shape. The majority of crown models are static models based on tree size and stand characteristics from temporary sample plots, but crown dynamic models has seldom been constructed. Therefore, this study aimed to develop height to crown base( HCB) and crown length( CL) dynamic models using the branch mortality technique for a Korean larch plantation. The nonlinear mixed-effects model with random effects, variance functions and correlation structures, was used to build HCB and CL dynamic models. The data were obtained from 95 sample trees of 19 plots in Meng JiaGang forest farm in Northeast China. The results showed that HCB progressively increases as tree age, tree height growth(HT growth) and diameter at breast height growth( DBH growth).The CL was increased with tree age in 20 years ago, and subsequently stabilized. HT growth, DBH growth stand basal area( BAS) and crown competition factor( CCF) signifi cantly infl uenced HCB and CL. The HCB was positively correlated with BAS, HT growth and D BH growth, but negatively correlated with CCF. The CL was positively correlated with BAS and CCF, but negatively correlated with D BH growth. Model fi tting and validation confi rmed that the mixed-effects model considering the stand and tree level random effects was accurate and reliable for predicting the HCB and CL dynamics. However, the models involving adding variance functions and time series correlation structure could not completely remove heterogeneity and autocorrelation, and the fi tting precision of the models was reduced. Therefore, from the point of view of application, we should take care to avoid setting up over-complex models. The HCB and CL dynamic models in our study may also be incorporated into stand growth and yield model systems in China. 相似文献
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Kazuhiko Masaka Hajime Sato Hiroyuki Torita Hirokazu Kon Minoru Fukuchi 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(6):475-481
To evaluate the effect of thinning on a mature coastal Pinus thunbergii Parlat. forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan, we established four study plots with different thinning intensities (control and 20, 40, and 60 % thinned at individual base; each 20 m × 20 m) and monitored them for 10 years. Radial growth of individual trees in the 60 % thinned plot was significantly greater than that in the other plots, whereas height growth in the 60 % thinned plot was significantly lower than in the other plots. Applying the height growth contribution index, which represents the trade-off between relative height growth rate and relative diameter growth rate, revealed that individual trees in the control and weakly (20 and 40 %) thinned plots had invested more in height growth compared to trees in the 60 % thinned plot. Though higher trunk slenderness value (>80) indicates higher susceptibility to meteorological disturbance such as wind storm and heavy snow, trunk slenderness in the control and the weakly thinned plots increased significantly compared to that in the 60 % thinned plot. In this study, 44.3 % of trees in the control plot had trunk slenderness values >80 over a period of 10 years. The number of trees with trunk slenderness values >80 also increased in the weakly thinned plots. In contrast, no increase was observed in the 60 % thinned plot. In Japan, the thinning intensity is legally supposed to be <35 % of stand volume, which is not enough to improve tree architecture in terms of trunk slenderness. 相似文献
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以湖南攸县黄丰桥国有林场为试验区,以杉木人工林为试验对象,测定林木胸径、树高、冠幅等测树因子及林木位置信息。利用WF技术,在定义林分生长模型、林分结构分析与林分疏伐模型等5种活动的基础上,利用人机交互方式,以图形形式建立了林分生长、林分结构与林分疏伐间交互的可视化工作流模型,实现了林分交互式疏伐可视化模拟。采用GDI+绘图技术与MOGRE渲染引擎技术,实现了林分结构、林分2维状态与林分3维场景的可视化模拟。结果表明:林分生长、林分结构与林分疏伐间的交互关系得到了直观的可视化模拟,此方法面向经营者具有可操作性强的特点。林分疏伐前后的林分结构、2维状态与3维场景得到了形象与逼真的模拟。应用交互式疏伐可视化模拟技术,可实现林分疏伐过程、效果以及林分未来状态的可视化模拟,实现对林分疏伐的实时监管,提高林分疏伐数字化管理水平。 相似文献
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通过建立单木生长模型、林木枯死模型和林分生长模型来模拟闽粤栲天然林生长规律,结果表明:用这3个模型对所调查样地内林木蓄积进行预测,作为林木蓄积量理论计算值,以二元材积表查表得到的蓄积量作为林木蓄积量的实际值,其精度可达94.15%。这些模型对于模拟闽粤栲天然林的生长规律具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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【目的】以河南登封林场栓皮栎人工林为研究对象,研究抚育间伐对林分不同生长阶段林木株数、林木直径分布和树高分布的影响,为制定科学合理的抚育经营措施奠定理论和技术基础。【方法】在株数强度为31.55%的间伐林分和条件基本一致的未间伐林分内,分别设置1个1 hm2样地,间伐作业2 a后获取每木检尺数据,分别利用Normal分布、Gamma分布、Lognormal分布、Weibull分布、Logistic分布函数对间伐样地和对照样地栓皮栎人工林林木个体直径分布、树高分布进行拟合,并应用Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS)拟合优度检验,选择拟合效果最好的分布模型。【结果】1)间伐和对照样地幼树、小树和大树林木株数比例分别是9:642:582和229:978:585。相比对照样地,间伐样地林木小树和大树生长阶段株数比重较高。2)间伐样地林木直径分布范围主要集中在8~18 cm,高于对照样地的4~16 cm。KS拟合优度检验结果表明,间伐样地林木直径分布采用Weibull分布拟合效果最好,Normal和Logistic分布次之;对照样地林木直径分布采用Weibull分布拟合效果最好,Normal和Gamma分布次之。3)间伐样地和对照样地林木树高级分别为8~16 m和4~14 m,但KS拟合优度检验结果表明,5种分布函数对间伐样地和对照样地树高分布拟合优度排序一致,说明抚育间伐对林分树高分布的影响不明显。【结论】抚育间伐调整了栓皮栎人工林林分的直径结构,林分直径分布向较大径阶方向偏移,使林分直径分布结构更趋于对称分布,但对树高分布影响不明显。 相似文献
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Thinning alters crown dynamics and biomass increment within aboveground tissues in young stands of Chamaecyparis obtusa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Qingmin Han Daisuke Kabeya Satoshi Saito Masatake G. Araki Tatsuro Kawasaki Chiharu Migita Yukihiro Chiba 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):184-193
The stand density of a forest affects the vertical distribution of foliage. Understanding the dynamics of this response is important for the study of crown structure and function, carbon-budget estimation, and forest management. We investigated the effect of tree density on the vertical distribution of foliage, branch, and stem growth, and ratio of biomass increment in aboveground tissues; by monitoring all first-order branches of five trees each from thinned and unthinned control stands of 10-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa for four consecutive years. In the control stand, the foliage crown shifted upward with height growth but the foliage quantity of the whole crown did not increase. In addition, the vertical distribution of leaf mass shifted from lower-crown skewed to upper-crown skewed. In the thinned stand in contrast, the foliage quantity of individual crowns increased two-fold within 4 years, while the vertical distribution of leaf mass remained lower-crown skewed. The two stands had similar production rates, numbers of first-order branches per unit of tree height, and total lengths of first-order branches. However, the mortality rate of first-order branches and self-pruning within a first-order branch were significantly higher in the control stand than in the thinned stand, which resulted in a higher ratio of biomass increment in branch. Thinning induced a higher ratio of biomass increment in foliage and lower in branch. The increased foliage quantity and variation in ratio of biomass increment after thinning stimulated stem growth of residual trees. These results provide information that will be useful when considering thinning regimes and stand management. 相似文献
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[目的]定量研究杉木林分中不同空间结构对林木冠形生长变化的影响,实现基于空间结构的杉木树冠生长可视化模拟。[方法]以湖南省攸县黄丰桥国有林场为试验区,在林分中选择并划分空间结构单元,进行冠形和空间结构数据调查,将林木东南西北4个方向的活枝下高、冠高、冠幅作为林木冠形描述因子,将周围木影响距离、相对树高定义为水平空间结构参数Ph和垂直空间结构参数Pv,使用多元逐步回归的分析方法,分析冠形描述因子与年龄、水平、垂直空间结构参数的关系,建立不同空间结构下杉木冠形的生长变化模型。基于B样条曲线模拟杉木冠形,构建不同生长阶段的三维杉木模型,结合三维动态渲染技术,实现杉木树冠生长的可视化模拟。[结果]通过对年龄和水平、垂直空间结构参数的逐步回归分析,结果表明:林木活枝下高、冠高和年龄、垂直空间结构参数呈现显著相关关系,模型决定系数R~2分别为0.754和0.813;林木各向冠幅和年龄、水平空间结构参数呈现极显著相关关系,模型决定系数R~2为0.623。基于杉木树冠生长模型和三维动态渲染技术,实现了树冠在东南西北不同方向的生长可视化。[结论]通过划分空间结构单元的方法选择研究目标并进行数据调查,使用逐步回归的方法,分析杉木冠形数据和年龄与空间结构数据的关系,建立树冠各方向活枝下高、冠高、冠幅的生长模型,结合三维动态渲染技术,使用MOGRE三维渲染引擎作为工具,实现了基于空间结构的杉木树冠生长可视化模拟。 相似文献
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Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González Andreas Zingg Klaus V. Gadow 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(3):307-307
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Huber MO 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010,259(3):614-623
Tree growth models are supposed to contain stand growth laws as so called "emergent properties" which derive from interactions of individual-tree growth and mortality functions. This study investigates whether the evolving tree species composition in a long term simulation by the distance-independent tree growth model PrognAus matches the species composition of the potential natural vegetation type which is expected to occur if one refrains from further management interventions and major disturbances, climate change, and changes in site conditions can be excluded. For this purpose the development of 6933 sample plots of the Austrian National Forest Inventory was predicted for 2500 years. The resulting species proportions, derived from volume per hectare of 15 tree species or species groups, were used to classify every sample plot according to potential natural forest types, following a classification scheme based on expert knowledge. These simulated potential natural vegetation types were compared with expert reconstructions of the sample plots of the Austrian National Forest Inventory. A total of 5789 plots were actually classified with the scheme; in 33% of the cases the classification on the basis of the PrognAus-simulations was identical with the classification by the Austrian National Forest Inventory. A predominantly correct classification was achieved for the subalpine Picea abies-type and the Fagus sylvatica-type although PrognAus showed a tendency to overestimate the proportion of F. sylvatica and P. abies. Weaknesses in the ability to simulate forest types dominated by Quercus spp., Acer spp., and Pinus sylvestris were identified. This shortcoming might be caused by the mortality model which allows a larger diameter at breast height for F. sylvatica or by the ingrowth model whose terms for the consideration of inter-specific competition may lead to a disadvantage of Quercus spp., P. sylvestris, and Abies alba. Moreover, the ingrowth model might be influenced by management effects and the effect of selective browsing. 相似文献
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Estimating Pinus palustris tree diameter and stem volume from tree height,crown area and stand-level parameters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. A. Gonzalez-Benecke Salvador A. Gezan Lisa J. Samuelson Wendell P. Cropper Jr. Daniel J. Leduc Timothy A. Martin 《林业研究》2014,25(1):43-52
Accurate and efficient estimation of forest growth and live biomass is a critical element in assessing potential responses to forest management and environmental change. The objective of this study was to develop models to predict longleaf pine tree diameter at breast height （dbh） and merchantable stem volume （V） using data obtained from field measurements. We used longleaf pine tree data from 3,376 planted trees on 127 permanent plots located in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain region to fit equations to predict dbh and V as functions of tree height （H） and crown area （CA）. Prediction of dbh as a function of H improved when CA was added as an additional independent variable. Similarly, predic- tions of V based on H improved when CA was included. Incorporation of additional stand variables such as age, site index, dominant height, and stand density were also evaluated but resulted in only small improvements in model performance. For model testing we used data from planted and naturally-regenerated trees located inside and outside the geographic area used for model fitting. Our results suggest that the models are a robust alternative for dbh and V estimations when H and CA are known on planted stands with potential for naturally-regenerated stands, across a wide range of ages. We discuss the importance of these models for use with metrics derived from remote sensing data. 相似文献
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《Southern Forests》2013,75(3-4):153-161
This study developed growth models for Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. for the Central Highlands of Angola for simulating the development of stand characteristics. The model set included dominant height, individual-tree diameter increment, individual-tree height and self-thinning models. The study was based on 7 656 radial increment observations obtained from increment cores from eight plots located in five sites in the Angolan Highlands. The model set enables the simulation of stand development on an individual tree basis. Despite the fact that site variation among the plots was small, a traditional site category index based on slope catena correlated logically with the observed diameter growth rate of the plots. The developed models showed a high level of accuracy when the simulated stand development was compared to observed development. The shape of the dominant height model is similar to earlier models developed in southern Africa. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):548-555
This study investigated the possible estimation of forest characteristics using the information collected by the harvester in first thinnings. For the analysis a complete forest inventory was carried out in a stand, which was subsequently thinned. The global mean values of tree diameter, tree height, basal area and stem density were estimated, and further, a spatial analysis was carried out to investigate whether the data collected by the harvester could be used to generate a continuous spatial model of the forest. The results indicated that the global mean diameter and height may be estimated, whereas area-related properties, such as basal area and stem density, are more difficult to estimate. The spatial distribution of the diameter and height remained similar after the thinning, whereas the basal area and stem density had become more homogeneous after the thinning. From the trees removed in the thinning a continuous spatial model of tree diameter was developed. It reproduced the spatial structure of the original trees to some extent ( R 2 = 0.27, RMSE = 14.3 mm). 相似文献
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