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1.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) inoculums on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of corn stover silage. Corn stover was ensiled without(control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum(LP), Enterococcus faecalis(EF), and Enterococcus mundtii(EM) for 45 days. The fermentation characteristics were assessed, and subsequent in vitro dry matter digestibility(DM-D), neutral detergent fiber digestibility(NDF-D), volatile fatty acids(VFA), methane(CH_4) production, cellulolytic bacteria proportions and their activities per corn stover silage were also determined. There was no significant difference(P0.05) among the silage pH, lactic acid, crude protein(CP), water soluble carbohydrates(WSC) and lignocelluloses contents of different treatments. The relative proportions of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes, carboxymethyl-ocellulose and β-glycosidase activities, DM-D, NDF-D, and VFA production of in vitro incubation was higher(P0.05) for silages inoculated with LP and EF than those of the control silage. Silage inoculated with LP showed the lowest(P0.05) CH_4 production per unit yield of VFA, which was positively corresponded to the lowest(P0.05) ratio of acetate to propionate. In summary, the ensiling fermentation quality and subsequent utilization of corn stover silage were efficiently improved by inoculated with L. plantarum.  相似文献   

2.
将乳熟期的黑小麦草预干后进行低水分青贮,并与未预干的对照组、添加0.000 4%乳酸菌组、添加0.005%纤维素酶组以及添加0.000 4%乳酸菌+0.005%纤维素酶组的青贮料进行了比较.结果表明,与对照组和添加剂组相比,低水分青贮极显著地提高了黑小麦草高消化性纤维含量、高消化性纤维/总纤维和体外干物质消化率,极显著地降低了低消化性纤维/总纤维(P<0.01);青贮料的体外干物质消化率与高消化性纤维含量和高消化性纤维/总纤维呈正相关,而与低消化性纤维/总纤维呈负相关.因此,低水分青贮法优于常规及添加剂青贮法,是提高黑小麦青贮营养价值的有效途径.  相似文献   

3.
不同肥料和青贮添加剂对苜蓿青贮的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为研究施肥管理和青贮添加剂对苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质的影响,设计双因素试验,其中肥料处理包括有机无机复混肥为基础的3 个处理（添加蚯蚓粉A、添加木醋液B和添加芽孢杆菌C）,以及生物炭处理D、化肥-二铵处理E和不施肥的对照组F,青贮添加剂处理包括甲酸、木醋液和对照组,研究各处理苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质的变化。结果表明,添加芽孢杆菌的有机无机复混肥显著提高了苜蓿青贮粗蛋白含量降低木质素含量(P<0.05),添加木醋液的有机无机复混肥显著提高了粗脂肪和乳酸含量,降低了pH值(P<0.05),化肥-二铵显著降低了木质素含量(P<0.05),三者均不同程度提高了苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质。添加甲酸可以有效抑制发酵,显著降低了苜蓿蛋白水解(P<0.05),有效保存其营养成分,木醋液与对照相比显著提高了乳酸含量(P<0.05),提高其青贮发酵品质。不同肥料和青贮添加剂对苜蓿青贮综合营养和发酵品质的互作效应未达显著水平(P>0.05)。由此可见,苜蓿种植管理中施用添加芽孢杆菌或木醋液的有机无机复混肥或化肥-二铵,同时在青贮过程中添加甲酸或木醋液,均有助于苜蓿青贮营养和发酵品质的提高。  相似文献   

4.
不同青贮方式对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料饲用品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验共设置地上青贮、地下青贮、青贮堆3个处理,发酵60 d后,开窖取样。对不同方式处理的苜蓿青贮饲料的营养成分、发酵品质及体外消化进行分析。结果表明,地上青贮饲料营养成分保存较好,感官得分最高,为16分;青贮堆苜蓿青贮饲料的粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他处理(P0.05),而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他各处理(P0.05),p H、氨态氮占总氮比例均显著高于其他处理(P0.05),分别为4.71、9.15%;地上青贮饲料营养体外消化率较高,与地下青贮差异不显著(P0.05)。综合考虑发酵品质、体外消化率,认为规模化生产中,最佳的方式为地上青贮。  相似文献   

5.
不同添加剂对苜蓿青贮饲料品质的影响   总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38  
利用糖蜜、甲酸、乳酸菌制剂和酶制剂分别或共同对 2种不同含水率的苜蓿进行了青贮调制试验 ,结果表明 :不同添加剂处理的苜蓿 1(含水率 71%～ 73% )和苜蓿 2 (含水率 6 2 %～ 6 4 % )青贮饲料的等级均为良好 ,且发酵品质均比对照组有所提高。糖蜜使苜蓿 1和苜蓿 2青贮饲料乳酸与总酸质量比分别提高 4 7%和 32 % ,NDF降解率分别提高 10 %和 2 2 % ;乳酸菌制剂降低了青贮饲料中乳酸含量 ,提高了乙酸含量 ,使NDF降解率分别比对照组提高 2 6 %和 18% ;酶制剂提高了动物的消化率 ;乳酸菌制剂和酶制剂共同作用使乳酸与总酸质量比分别降低了37%和 39% ,同时提高了动物消化率和青贮饲料的营养价值 ;甲酸处理使饲料中乙酸与总酸质量比分别降低了31%和 2 5 % ,NDF降解率分别提高了 19%和 14 % ,并在一定程度上抑制了蛋白质和氨基酸的分解。糖蜜有效抑制了苜蓿 1青贮饲料的二次发酵 ,但苜蓿 2青贮饲料的发酵品质显著优于苜蓿 1(P <0 0 5 )。  相似文献   

6.
不同添加剂对白三叶青贮发酵品质与体外消化率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以白三叶为原料,通过添加青宝Ⅱ号（FS）、纤维素酶（CE）、糖蜜（M）和甲酸（FA）等添加剂,研究添加剂对白三叶青贮饲料发酵品质和体外消化率的影响。结果表明：白三叶能单独青贮,但不能获得发酵品质优良的青贮饲料;添加甲酸可显著提高青贮饲料的可溶性糖含量,降低pH值和氨态氮含量（P<0.05）;添加糖蜜可显著提高青贮饲料的乳酸和可溶性糖含量,显著降低pH值、氨态氮含量,减少中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量（P<0.05）;青宝Ⅱ号以及青宝Ⅱ号和纤维素酶的混合添加可显著提高乳酸含量,降低pH值（P<0.05）。不同添加剂及组合对白三叶青贮料的干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的体外消化率等具有不同影响。  相似文献   

7.
添加剂与青贮时间互作对苜蓿青贮品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以生长第二年的紫花苜蓿为材料,设计四个试验组,每组分别添加不同水平甲酸(5.0 mL.kg-1、5.5mL.kg-1和6.0 mL.kg-1)、蔗糖(10 g.kg-1、20 g.kg-1和30 g.kg-1)、发酵汁(Previous fermented juice,PFJ,1.5 mL.kg-1、2.0 mL.kg-1和2.5 mL.kg-1)和不同比例无芒雀麦(25%、33%和50%),同一水平设3个重复。分别在青贮第2、8、15和45天测定青贮料pH、粗蛋白、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)及乳酸、乙酸、丙酸含量,以揭示不同青贮时间不同类型添加剂的青贮效果。结果表明,在青贮的第2、8、15和45天以甲酸和蔗糖对青贮料的发酵品质影响最大,各时间点pH不同程度下降,且与对照差异显著;粗蛋白不同程度分解破坏,NH3-N含量呈现上升趋势。综合评定,30 g.kg-1的蔗糖添加效果最好,6.0 mL.kg-1的甲酸添加效果次之,其次是混合青贮组和对照组,PFJ处理的青贮品质最差。  相似文献   

8.
乳酸菌和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
为探讨稻草青贮利用的可能性,研究了添加乳酸菌或/和纤维素酶对稻草青贮品质的影响。将4个水稻品种(日本晴、Genjah Wangkal、武运粳7号和武育粳3号)的新鲜稻草切碎后添加乳酸菌(1×105CFU·g-1)或/和纤维素酶(1g·kg-1),用聚乙烯袋真空青贮60d。试验结果表明,添加乳酸菌使青贮料pH值降低了6.07%(P<0.01);丁酸(BA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)含量分别降低了38.65%(P<0.01)和46.52%(P<0.01);乳酸(LA)、粗蛋白(CP)和可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量分别提高了70.70%(P<0.01)、7.19%(P<0.01)和6.76%(P<0.05)。纤维素酶处理使青贮料的pH值降低了3.52%(P<0.01),BA和NH3-N含量分别降低了28.74%(P<0.01)和22.23%(P<0.01);LA、CP和WSC含量分别提高了19.93%(P<0.01)、3.82%(P<0.05)和6.43%(P<0.05);有机物体外消化率(IVOMD)提高了2.67%(P<0.05)。同时添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶处理效果优于单独添加乳酸菌或纤维素酶处理。青贮料的pH值、BA和NH3-N含量分别降低9.35%(P<0.01)、63.24%(P<0.01)和54.74%(P<0.01),LA、WSC和CP含量分别提高121.67%(P<0.01)、20.19%(P<0.01)和10.41%(P<0.01),NDF和ADF含量分别降低3.61%(P<0.01)和3.05%(P<0.01),IVOMD提高3.98%(P<0.05)。稻草青贮料的发酵品质和饲用价值存在品种间差异,武运粳7号和武育粳3号稻草的发酵品质和饲用价值优于日本晴和Genjah Wangkal稻草。结论:添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶可提高稻草青贮品质,WSC含量高的稻草添加乳酸菌其发酵品质较好。  相似文献   

9.
纤维素酶与木聚糖酶对象草青贮发酵品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为研究纤维素酶与木聚糖酶对象草(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.)青贮品质的影响,本试验共设6组:T1:象草+500 mg·kg-1纤维素酶;T2:象草+250 mg·kg-1纤维素酶;T3:象草+250 mg·kg-1木聚糖酶+250 mg·kg-1纤维素酶;T4:象草+500 mg·kg-1木聚糖酶;T5:象草+250 mg·kg-1木聚糖酶;C(对照组):象草.切短的象草经酶处理后在25 ℃条件下青贮在发酵瓶内,分别在青贮第2、4、6、8、15和30天从每组取出3瓶青贮样品用于发酵品质测定.结果表明:与对照组相比,纤维素酶与木聚糖酶或两者复合处理均能极显著降低青贮料的pH值(P＜001),增加水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量(P＜001)和乳酸(LA)含量(P＜001).青贮30 d结束时,除T3组外,其他酶处理组NH3-N含量显著低于对照组(P＜005);各组中乙酸含量差异均不显著(P＞005).结论:添加纤维素酶或木聚糖酶均能改善象草青贮品质,并以纤维素酶与木聚糖酶复合处理效果最好.  相似文献   

10.
The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility（ATTD） of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows（Duroc×（Large White×Landrace）, body weight=（60.6±0.7） kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain（ADG） and the ATTD of dry matter（DM）, organic matter（OM）, crude protein（CP）, neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and gross energy（GE） reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased（P〈0.01）. The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa（linear, P〈0.05）. Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet（P〉0.05）. A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding formic acid and corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages on the nutritional quality of these silages, growth, digestion, rumen fermentation and cellulolytic bacterial community of Nubian black goats fed these silages. Banana pseudostem silage was prepared either conventionally without any additives(CON) or mixed with 0.6% formic acid(F), 10% corn flour(C), or both(F+C). Four experimental diets containing 40% of the corresponding silages were designed with roughage to concentrate ratio of 50:50(dry matter(DM) basis). A total of 48 Nubian black castrated goats(body weight(BW),(22.64±1.82) kg; 4-mon-old) were randomized into one of the four treatment groups with 12 replicates of one castrated goat per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Each group was fed on one of the four experimental diets for 40 days. A factorial arrangement of treatments of 2(formic acid levels: 0 and 0.6%)×2(corn flour: 0 and 10%) was adopted. Formic acid supplementation increased(P0.05) average daily gain, as well as lactic acid, propionate and butyric acid and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations, but decreased(P0.05) the feed conversion rate, p H value, acetate/propionate ratio, and butyric acid concentration relative to the CON group. Corn flour supplementation increased(P0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrate and Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens populations, but decreased(P0.05) the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population relative to the CON group. There were no F×C treatment interactions(P0.05) for any of the other indices except for the apparent digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrate(NFC)(P0.05). The results demonstrated that adding 0.6% formic acid and 10% corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages improved the nutritional quality of these silages and enhanced the growth performance of Nubian black castrated goats by improving apparent nutrient digestibility, and regulating ruminal fermentation and bacteria populations.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant(Lactobacillus plantarum, LP), fibrolytic enzyme(EN), combination of LP and EN(LP+EN) on fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration(TMR) silages containing 0, 7.5 and 15.0%(on dry matter basis) of rape(Brassica campestris L.) straw(RS)(denoted as CTMR, LTMR and MTMR, respectively). After ensiling for 60 days, TMR silages without additives were well preserved, but MTMR had higher p H than CTMR and LTMR. There were no differences in other parameters of fermentation quality, microbial composition, nutrition and in vitro digestibility between CTMR and LTMR except for yeast and mold number and crude protein(CP) content. CTMR and LTMR silage had higher CP content, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility(IVNDFD) and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility(IVADFD), lower acid detergent fiber(ADF) content than MTMR silage. LP and EN decreased p H and increased dry matter(DM) recovery of TMR silages. LP+EN improved the fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages, showed by lower p H, ADF content, higher lactic acid content, in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and IVNDFD. Therefore, It was suggested that TMR silage contained 7.5% RS on a DM basis and treated with LP+EN can be as a useful feed for ruminant.  相似文献   

13.
不同添加剂对拉伸膜裹包苜蓿青贮的影响   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  
【目的】为了探讨不同添加剂、不同贮藏时间苜蓿青贮的发酵品质与养分动态。【方法】设对照、添加甲酸或绿汁发酵液处理，鲜苜蓿整株打圆捆后，拉伸膜裹包青贮，取样后进行分析。【结果】添加甲酸或绿汁发酵液均可以改善苜蓿青贮的发酵品质，青贮pH极显著下降（P<0.01），而且乳酸含量增加(P<0.05)，氨氮含量减少(P<0.05)，而且随着贮藏时间延长，添加剂处理效果更佳；不同添加剂处理对苜蓿青贮的CP、NDF、ADF、非蛋白氮、酸性洗涤不溶性氮含量影响不大，而贮藏时间对各营养成分含量影响较大。【结论】秋季最后一茬苜蓿青贮时，添加甲酸或绿汁发酵液，可以延长苜蓿青贮的贮藏时间，从而保证苜蓿青贮的均衡供应。  相似文献   

14.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration(TMR) silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments:(1) no additives(control);(2) an inoculant(Lactobacillus plantarum)(L);(3) propionic acid(P);(4) propionic acid+lactic acid bacteria(PL). All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH(3.80) and ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N) contents, and high lactic acid contents as well as Flieg points. Addition of L further improved TMR silage quality with more lactic acid production. Addition of P and PL decreased lactic acid and NH_3-N contents of TMR silage compared to the control(P0.05). After 12 days aerobic exposure, P and PL silages remained stable, but L and the control silages deteriorated as indicated by a reduction in lactic acid and an increase in pH, and numbers of yeast. Compared to the control, addition of L had no effects on TMR silage in terms of 72 h cumulative gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids, whereas addition of PL significantly(P0.05) increased them. L silage had higher(P0.05) in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility than the control silage. The results of our study suggested that TMR silage prepared with whole-crop corn can be well preserved with or without additives. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and when used together, although they reduced lactic acid production of TMR silage, they improved aerobic stability and in vitro nutrients digestibility of TMR silage.  相似文献   

15.
蒋慧  于磊  马春晖 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(3):1020-1021
[目的]研究不同比例的无芒雀麦与紫花苜蓿混播对青贮效果的影响。[方法]试验设5个处理,即紫花苜蓿单播、无芒雀麦单播、紫花苜蓿＋无芒雀麦以50％＋50％、60％＋40％和70％＋30％比例混播,分析各处理青贮材料的pH值、CP、NDF、ADF、乙酸、丁酸、乳酸和总酸的变化,研究无芒雀麦与紫花苜蓿不同比例混播对青贮品质的影响。[结果]与单播苜蓿相比,混播可以显著降低青材料的pH值（P〈0．01）、NH3．N／TN值（P〈0．01）和丁酸含量（P〈0．01）,有利于保存青贮物的营养成分。混播还可提高青贮产物中乙酸、乳酸和总酸的含量（P〈0．01）,从而提高苜蓿青贮品质。[结论]以混播处理A（苜蓿50％＋无芒雀麦50％）效果最好,pH值,NH3-N/TN的含量最低,乳酸含量和综合评分最高。  相似文献   

16.
Ruminants have evolved on forages that comprise major portions of most modern dairy and beef cattle diets. Cattle require minimum amount of effective fiber to maintain healthy rumen conditions. However, high fibre levels limits feed intake. Dietary fiber levels and physical properties contribute to such hypophagia. Forage bulkiness, particle size, lignification and rumen passage rate determine fiber quality. Barley forage (BF, Hordeum vulgare, L.) serves dairy diets where and when alfalfa or corn silages are less accessible. Being lower in protein, intermediate in soluble protein, and higher in starch and cellulose, barley silage (BS) is a suitable replacement for alfalfa silage. Barley forages have usually lower fiber levels among winter cereal crops. Barley forages may not reduce feed intake as much as other cereal crops, notably triticale and oats. Beef studies suggest superior or similar weight gain and feed efficiency by feeding BS versus wheat, triticale and oat silages. Growth response to BS appears comparable to corn silage. Reduced BS particle size reduces chewing activity in lactating cows, and even with adequate fiber intake has little effect on milk fat. Inoculants containing Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii along with carbohydrases can lower silage pH and improve organic acids production and silage aerobic stability. Altered barley silage chop length alters chewing activity but not necessarily rumen pH. Maturity stage affects nutritional value of BF due to altered protein and fiber contents and rumen fermentation patterns. Genetic variance among BF cultivars can affect nutrient profiles and rumen digestibility. Barley forages are cost-effective entities along with alfalfa hay and silage and corn silage for environmentalist ruminants to host optimal rumen and peripheral nutrient metabolism. Adequate effective fiber with sufficient but not very high fermentable starch, and modest degradable proteins make BF a unique ingredient for the sustainable modern ruminant production.  相似文献   

17.
为探讨不同比例笋壳与稻壳混合青贮对青贮饲料发酵品质、营养价值的影响,确定适宜的笋壳与稻壳混合青贮比例,试验设60%笋壳组(A)、70%笋壳组(B)、80%笋壳组(C)、85%笋壳组(D)及100%笋壳组(NC)共5个处理。青贮后第1、7、14、30、45天取样,测定青贮饲料发酵品质及营养成分。结果表明,青贮过程中青贮料的干物质含量有下降趋势,但变化不显著(P>0.05);各组青贮饲料可溶性碳水化合物含量随青贮天数的增加而显著(P<0.05)降低。在青贮过程中,各混合青贮组氨态氮/总氮均显著增高(P<0.05)。青贮第7天时,各组青贮饲料pH均显著下降(P<0.05),此后pH值缓慢变化。各混合青贮组乳酸含量在青贮第7天时显著升高(P<0.05),第14天时持续显著上升(P<0.05),此后乳酸含量基本趋于稳定,并略有降低。各混合青贮组的乙酸含量随青贮发酵时间增加逐渐升高,第7天时显著增加(P<0.05),此后持续缓慢增加。在整个青贮过程中,各组均有少量丙酸产生,处理A、B、C组无丁酸产生。青贮结束时,B组和C组氨态氮/总氮比值低,乳酸含量增加明显,pH低于4.2,青贮过程未产生丁酸,青贮品质优。笋壳单独青贮干物质含量低,乳酸含量低,pH值变化不明显,同时有少量丙酸、丁酸产生,青贮品质差。从发酵品质和笋壳利用最大化的角度出发,建议以80%笋壳+20%稻壳混合青贮较为适宜。  相似文献   

18.
以苜蓿青干草为原料,用4种不同浓度的添加剂均匀喷洒高水分打捆和低水分打捆的苜蓿干草,分析添加剂对苜蓿干草体外消化率以及营养成分的影响.结果表明:新型复合添加剂处理苜蓿干草在保存后其干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗蛋白(CP)消化率高于其他处理;所有处理的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)体外消化率都比贮藏前增加,其中新型复合添加剂处理的增加量最小,说明其在抑制微生物降解及提高DM和CP体外消化率的效果好于对照及其他处理.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this study was to observe the forage yield, silage fermentative quality, anthocyanin stability, and antioxidant activity during the storage period and in vitro rumen fermentation of anthocyanin-rich purple corn (Zea mays L.) stover (PS) and sticky corn stover (SS). Forage yield of corn stover was weighed and ensiled with two treatments: (1) hybrid sticky waxy corn stover (control), and (2) hybrid purple waxy corn stover (treatment). Samples were stored in mini-silos for periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 42, 63, 84, and 105 d. The results showed that PS had significantly higher (P<0.05) yields of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total anthocyanins than that of the SS. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn stover silage (PSS) showed higher (P<0.05) levels of DM and CP relative to the sticky corn stover silage (SSS). Although anthocyanin-rich PSS displayed a lower (P<0.05) level of pelargonidin-3-glucoside (P3G), it had higher (P<0.05) levels of peonidin (Peo) and pelargonidin (Pel) compared to the control. Delphinidin (Del) and malvidin (Mal) were not detected in SSS during the ensilage period; in PSS, Del was no longer detected after 7 d of ensilage. Specifically, total anthocyanins in anthocyanin-rich PSS decreased rapidly (P<0.05) prior to 7 d of ensilage, and then remained at relatively stable (P>0.05) constants. Compared to the anthocyanin-rich PSS, SSS displayed significantly higher (P<0.05) pH value and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content. Propionic acid (PA) at 0 d and butyric acid (BA) during the entire study period were not detected, whereas anthocyanin-rich PSS showed a higher (P<0.05) level of lactic acid (LA) than that of the SSS. Compared with the SSS extract, anthocyanin-rich PSS extract showed a higher (P<0.05) level of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and displayed a lower (P<0.05) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Moreover, anthocyanin-rich PSS reduced (P<0.05) gas production (GP), and displayed lower levels of immediately soluble fraction and ratio of acetic acid (AA) to PA at 12 h, but the other parameters were unaffected (P>0.05) relative to the control. Taken together, the results indicated that: (1) anthocyanins could be stable in silage; (2) anthocyanin-rich PSS showed better silage fermentative quality and stronger antioxidant activity; and (3) anthocyanin-rich PSS had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters.  相似文献   

20.
【目的】研究不同添加量的残次枣粉对紫花苜蓿青贮发酵过程中微生物数量、发酵和营养品质动态变化的影响。【方法】设计6个不同残次枣粉添加量处理,分别为对照不添加枣粉(T0处理,)、0.5%(T1处理)、2.5%(T2处理)、5%(T3处理)、7.5%(T4处理)、10%(T5处理)的添加量,添加至粉碎的紫花苜蓿中,以60 d为发酵期,检测发酵期间不同处理的第0、1、3、7、15、30和60 d青贮饲料的主要微生物数量、发酵和营养品质的变化。【结果】发酵时间和处理的双因素交互作用对乳酸菌、酵母菌和好氧细菌数量及pH、LA、AA、NH3-N、DM、NDF、ADF、WSC含量影响极显著(P＜0.01)。发酵第60 d(模拟开窖)时,残次枣粉添加量为7.5%时,乳酸菌数量最高(P=0.013),酵母菌和好氧细菌数量最低(P＜0.01和P=0.041)。残次枣粉添加量为5%～10%时显著降低青贮饲料中pH、NH3-N、NDF和ADF含量,提高DM、LA、AA和WSC含量(P＜0.05)。【结论】增加残次枣粉可有效提高青贮品质,改善发酵特性。综合微生物变化情况、发酵和营养品质,残次枣粉添加量为7.5%时较为适宜,含水量为72%。  相似文献   

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