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马鞍列岛人工鱼礁区鱼卵与仔稚鱼的群落结构 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解人工鱼礁投放对鱼卵和仔稚鱼分布的影响,于2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)利用大型浮游生物网在马鞍列岛海洋牧场开展了4个航次的水平拖网调查。根据鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布等群落结构特征,对投礁区和未投礁区鱼卵、仔稚鱼的资源分布进行研究。结果显示,2018年在马鞍列岛海洋牧场共采集鱼卵5 642粒、仔稚鱼1 013尾,隶属于10目21科49种。鱼卵优势种为龙头鱼、短吻红舌鳎和小黄鱼;仔稚鱼的优势种为褐菖鲉、花鲈和小公鱼属未定种。投礁区和未投礁区鱼卵仔稚鱼的优势种种类组成基本一致,但是群落结构差异显著,投礁区各个季节的多样性指数、丰富度指数及均匀度指数均高于未投礁区,与未投礁区差异显著,且春季投礁区的生物多样性最高。聚类分析显示,春季鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构最为稳定,冬季群落结构最简单,夏、秋两季相似度较高,群落结构更复杂。研究表明,马鞍列岛海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放对鱼卵、仔稚鱼具有一定的聚集和庇护作用,温度(T)、盐度(S)、水体浑浊度(Turb.)等海洋物理环境因子对鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布影响显著。 相似文献
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Light intensity has been shown to influence the foraging success of larval fish. However, the effect of light intensity on larval foraging is likely variable and influenced by both the density and characteristics of planktonic prey. In this study we examined the influence of light intensity of 0.1, 2.0, and 60 μmol·s?1·m?2 Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) on foraging of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) larvae at two prey densities. We fed them with a mixture of zooplankton taxa common to lakes inhabited by yellow perch. In addition to light intensity and prey density, the effect of larval yellow perch size was examined by using fish ranging from 9 to 15 mm. The results of our study indicated that yellow perch larvae are well adapted to feed at a wide range of light intensities, as there was no difference in foraging success at investigated light intensities. Increasing prey density from 25 to 150 (zooplankton·l?1) significantly improved the foraging success of larval yellow perch. However, the influence of prey density on foraging success was dependent on fish length. Improved foraging success at increased prey densities occurred only for individuals with a total length >10 mm. Overall, prey selection by fish larvae was influenced by light intensity, prey density, and fish length. However, the factors that influenced selection for specific prey types differed. Our study, combined with evidence from other field and laboratory work, highlight the need for a better understanding of the influence of prey density on foraging throughout ontogeny. 相似文献
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Katie Sambrook Andrew S. Hoey Serge Andrfouët Graeme S. Cumming Stephanie Duce Mary C. Bonin 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(5):903-920
Marine ecology seeks to understand the factors that shape biological communities. Progress towards this goal has been hampered by habitat‐centric approaches that ignore the influence of the wider seascape. Coral reef fishes may use non‐reef habitats (e.g. mangrove and seagrass) extensively, yet most studies have focused on within‐reef attributes or connectivity between reefs to explain trends in their distribution and abundance. We systematically review the evidence for multihabitat use by coral reef fishes across life stages, feeding guilds and conservation status. At least 670 species of “coral reef fish” have been observed in non‐reef habitats, with almost half (293 species) being recorded in two or more non‐reef habitats. Of the 170 fish species for which both adult and juvenile data were available, almost 76% were recorded in non‐reef habitats in both life stages. Importantly, over half of the coral reef fish species recorded in non‐reef habitats (397 spp.) were potential fisheries targets. The use of non‐reef habitats by “coral reef” fishes appears to be widespread, suggesting in turn that attempts to manage anthropogenic impacts on fisheries and coral reefs may need to consider broader scales and different forms of connectivity than traditional approaches recommend. Faced with the deteriorating condition of many coastal habitats, there is a pressing need to better understand how the wider seascape can influence reef fish populations, community dynamics, food‐webs and other key ecological processes on reefs. 相似文献
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New perspectives on aquarium fish trade 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David Lecchini Sandrine Polti Yohei Nakamura Pascal Mosconi Makoto Tsuchiya Georges Remoissenet Serge Planes 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):40-47
ABSTRACT: Since the 1990s, the international market for importing aquarium fish is suspicious of stock coming from South-East Asia. Fish catches are still executed with cyanide-based toxic products. In the present paper, the potential of the French Polynesian Islands to develop a marine aquarium fish business with a new approach is explored. Coral reef fish are captured at the larval stage with crest nets, then larvae are reared in aquaria before being put on the world ornamental fish market. This approach offers several advantages: (i) larvae are captured with a passive system placed on the reef crest (crest net) that does not destroy the environment and limits the stress on collected larvae; (ii) larvae are then put into farmed basins that allow them to be controlled sanitarily; and (iii) larvae are weaned at the farm and fed rapidly with artificial food. This method increases survival rates as it eliminates the food acclimatization problem of fish captured at adult stage (main cause of fish mortality in aquaria). Overall, reared larvae will constitute a new product in terms of species, sizes and quality of ornamental fish on the aquarium market. 相似文献
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Yvonne Sadovy 《Fish and Fisheries》2005,6(3):167-185
Reef fishes are significant socially, nutritionally and economically, yet biologically they are vulnerable to both over‐exploitation and degradation of their habitat. Their importance in the tropics for living conditions, human health, food security and economic development is enormous, with millions of people and hundreds of thousands of communities directly dependent, and many more indirectly so. Reef fish fisheries are also critical safety valves in times of economic or social hardship or disturbance, and are more efficient, less wasteful and support far more livelihoods per tonne produced than industrial scale fisheries. Yet, relative to other fisheries globally, those associated with coral reefs are under‐managed, under‐funded, under‐monitored, and as a consequence, poorly understood or little regarded by national governments. Even among non‐governmental organizations, which are increasingly active in tropical marine issues, there is typically little focus on reef‐associated resources, the interest being more on biodiversity per se or protection of coral reef habitat. This essay explores the background and history to this situation, examines fishery trends over the last 30 years, and charts a possible way forward given the current realities of funding, capacity, development patterns and scientific understanding of coral reef ecosystems. The luxury live reef food‐fish trade is used throughout as a case study because it exemplifies many of the problems and challenges of attaining sustainable use of coral reef‐associated resources. The thesis developed is that sustaining reef fish fisheries and conserving biodiversity can be complementary, rather than contradictory, in terms of yield from reef systems. I identify changes in perspectives needed to move forward, suggest that we must be cautious of ‘fashionable’ solutions or apparent ‘quick fixes’, and argue that fundamental decisions must be made concerning the short and long‐term values of coral reef‐associated resources, particularly fish, for food and cash and regarding alternative sources of protein. Not to address the problems will inevitably lead to growing poverty, hardship and social unrest in many areas. 相似文献
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Towards sustainable exhibits – application of an inorganic fertilization method in coral reef fish larviculture in an aquarium 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kwee Siong Tew Yun‐Chen Chang Pei‐Jie Meng Ming‐Yih Leu David C Glover 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(9):2748-2756
Coral reef fish are collected from the wild and exhibited in aquaria worldwide. Some of the fish spawn in captivity; however, the eggs are usually neglected. In this study, we collected the eggs spawned naturally in the exhibit tanks, hatched and cultured them indoor in 2000‐L fibreglass tanks (initial density = 18 000 egg tank?1). We applied an inorganic fertilization method commonly used in freshwater fish culture in raising these coral reef fish larvae. We maintained inorganic phosphorus concentration at 100 μg P L?1 and inorganic nitrogen at 700 μg N L?1 daily in the fertilized group (n = 4), while the control tanks (n = 4) were fed with rotifers (10 ind mL?1). Chlorophyll a at particle sizes of both 0.45–20 μm and >20 μm, as well as NH3‐N, NO3‐N, and PO4‐P concentrations were significantly higher in the fertilized group than the control. Zooplankton in the size groups of 10–50 μm (mainly flagellates) and 50–100 μm (mainly ciliates) were abundant (about 10~60 ind mL?1) during 3–7 days in fertilized tanks. The average larval fish survival rate at 21 day after hatch in fertilized group was consistently higher than the control in two trials. The experiments demonstrated that the inorganic fertilization approach can be successfully adapted for coral reef fish culture in an aquarium to achieve sustainable exhibits. 相似文献
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Peter J Mumby 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(1):266-278
The problem of ecosystem overfishing has mostly focused on the function of forage fish as prey for apex predators. Here, I consider another ecosystem function, herbivory, that affects habitat quality. Parrotfish are an important fishery in many parts of the Caribbean and the dominant herbivorous fish on its coral reefs. Herbivory helps to control macroalgae which compete with coral and can impede reef resilience if allowed to bloom. Thus, long‐term maintenance of reef habitat quality, which underpins fisheries, requires sufficient parrotfish stock. Ecosystem models predict that reductions in parrotfish grazing could have deleterious impacts on reef habitat yet the determination of ecologically sustainable levels of parrotfish harvest remains elusive. An initial solution to this dilemma is proposed for areas where an outright ban on herbivore exploitation is considered infeasible. Fisheries management has tended to consider coral reefs as a single habitat such that regulations apply evenly throughout exploitable areas. But reef habitats are not equally susceptible to ecosystem overfishing and some do not appear to have a strong requirement for parrotfish grazing. One habitat, Orbicella reef, has a high dependence on herbivory, whereas the state of another dominant habitat – gorgonian plain – appears to be driven by environmental factors (e.g. wave exposure). Ecosystem‐based fisheries management could be improved by restricting parrotfish harvest on Orbicella reefs yet allowing exploitation on gorgonian plain. Management could then focus on achieving a sustainable yield on gorgonian plains without the added complexity of estimating catch levels that avoid ecosystem overfishing. 相似文献
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Abstract Reef fishes were compared between artificial reefs with ( n = 20) and without ( n = 20) epibenthic communities in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Artificial reefs were built in June 2003; half were coated with copper-based paint to prevent epibenthic community development. Reefs were surveyed by SCUBA divers to estimate fish abundance in the autumn and winter 2003 and spring 2004. Total fish abundance and abundance of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey), and gray triggerfish, Balistes capriscus Gmelin, were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) higher on reefs with epibenthic communities. In the spring 2004, the abundance of belted sandfish, Serranus subligarius (Cope), the size of red snapper and community measures of diversity and evenness were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) greater on unpainted reefs. These significant differences provide evidence that reef fishes were positively affected by the presence of epibenthic organisms that probably provided increased food resources. 相似文献
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现场海域人工鱼礁分布状态聚类分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
人工鱼礁的流场营造、鱼类诱集等建设目标,一般是通过单位鱼礁、鱼礁群等不同规模的形式实现的;实际投放的成千上百个人工鱼礁处于何种分布状态、它们是否满足单位鱼礁等规模要求,是非常值得关注的课题。本文利用空间聚类分析,借助基于划分的算法、基于层次的算法和基于约束的算法对投放后的鱼礁进行划分、归类或剔除,并选择单位鱼礁的重心、影响面积、鱼礁单体数量以及礁体间距4个指标进行比较分析,探讨人工鱼礁实际的组合聚类模式。结果显示3种空间聚类算法误差的排列顺序为：约束算法<划分算法<层次算法。通过对比分析,在基于约束的聚类算法下,最能反映人工鱼礁的实际集聚情况。 相似文献
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岩礁鱼类多具有较高的经济价值,但过度开发、环境污染、全球气候变化造成岩礁鱼类及其栖息地受到不同程度的破坏,资源量锐减,栖息地退化。为应对全球海洋生态环境和资源面临的重重压力,以人工鱼礁、增殖放流为水生生物资源养护基础措施的海洋牧场建设成为世界沿海国家的战略性选择。开展岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究,解析生物对鱼礁结构物和人工生境的响应行为及人工环境对岩礁鱼类行为的影响,对优化水生生物放流策略、提高增殖物种成活率、养护生物资源、科学开展人工鱼礁工程建设和促进渔业经济发展具有重要作用。为此,本文综述了国内外对岩礁鱼类在栖息地选择、索饵、繁殖、集群、领域、防御等行为生态学研究进展,梳理了岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究在渔业资源保护与开发中的重要作用,同时,就岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究中存在的问题进行讨论并提出建议,以期为我国海洋牧场建设提供更科学的理论基础和更高效的技术方案。 相似文献
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Effect of water surface condition on survival,growth and swim bladder inflation of yellowfin tuna,Thunnus albacares (Temminck and Schlegel), larvae 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tomoki Honryo Teruyoshi Tanaka Angel Guillen Jeanne B Wexler Amado Cano Daniel Margulies Vernon P Scholey Maria S Stein Yoshifumi Sawada 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(6):1832-1840
Early‐stage mortality due to surface water tension‐related death and due to sinking to the tank bottom was investigated for yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (YFT), larvae. Different aeration rates and rearing water surface conditions were examined to evaluate the effect on larval survival, swim bladder inflation and growth. The percentage survival of yolk sac larvae was significantly higher when the rearing water surface was covered with fish oil at aeration rates of 0 and 50 mL min?1. The highest mortality occurred at the highest aeration rate of 250 mL min?1 regardless of surface water condition. A second experiment was conducted twice under different water surface conditions: the water surface was covered by fish oil (FO), skimmed of fish oil (SS), and was not treated (NC). The percentage survival was not significantly different between treatments after 7 days of feeding. In contrast to the survival, the proportion of larvae with inflated swim bladders was significantly higher for the NC and SS groups than that of the FO group. Results of these experiments indicate that the addition of oil to the rearing water surface without its removal interferes with the initial swim bladder inflation in YFT larvae. These results also indicate that YFT larvae need to obtain (gulp) air at the water surface for initial swim bladder inflation, and success of initial swim bladder inflation may be crucial for their survival. 相似文献
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F. LEITÃO & M. N. SANTOS K. ERZINI & C. C. MONTEIRO 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2009,16(2):88-99
Abstract Artificial reefs have been deployed along the southern coast of Portugal (Algarve) since 1990 to enhance artisanal fisheries. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe the colonisation process; (2) assess the role of the artificial reefs in terms of juvenile recruitment and growth and as mating/spawning areas and (3) evaluate the potential of artificial reefs as near shore artisanal fishing grounds for three economically important fish species, Diplodus bellottii (Steindachner), Diplodus sargus (L.) and Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire). The fish assemblages were monitored after the deployment of a large artificial reef (Faro/Ancão) in 2002. Colonisation rates for the three species were fast. Artificial reefs play a multiple role for Diplodus spp., acting as recruitment, growth and nursery areas for juveniles, and spawning/mating areas for adults, and can thus be considered essential fish habitat. Three months after deployment of the artificial reefs, exploitable biomass was 16, 29 and 8 kg per reef group, respectively, for D. bellotti , D. sargus and D. vulgaris . These results indicate that artificial reefs quickly become good fishing grounds, where suitable financial yields may be obtained by fisher. Moreover, the artificial reefs became new and alternative fishing grounds, allowing reduction of fishing effort over traditional rocky areas that are scarce along the Algarve coast. Management measures for artificial reefs, in terms of fishing strategies, are discussed. 相似文献
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Behavioural changes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after marine boulder reef restoration: Implications for coastal habitat management and Natura 2000 areas 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L. D. Kristensen J. G. Støttrup J. C. Svendsen C. Stenberg O. K. Højbjerg Hansen P. Grønkjær 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2017,24(5):353-360
While marine reefs are degraded globally, the responses of fish to marine reef restoration remain uncertain, particularly in temperate waters. This study measured the effect of marine boulder reef restoration on the behaviour of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., in a Natura 2000 area using acoustic telemetry. Cod were tagged and released in the study area before and after the restoration and tracked continuously for six months. A larger fraction of the released fish remained in the study area after restoration (94%) than before (53%). Moreover, throughout the study period, cod spent significantly more hours per day and prolonged their residence time in the study area after the restoration. The study indicates that marine reefs subjected to boulder extraction can be restored and function as favourable cod habitats. Temperate marine boulder reef restoration represents a valuable management tool to improve habitats for temperate fish species. 相似文献
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The fishery for California groundfishes is managed using broad species complexes, although some non-groundfish species are managed similarly due to the perception of shared behavioral characteristics. This study integrates acoustic telemetry and a GIS to quantify movement patterns of one such species, the ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps) in a marine protected area. Seventeen ocean whitefish were tagged and actively tracked over multiple 24-h periods to measure fine-scale movement patterns. Home ranges based on 95% kernel utilization distributions averaged 20,439 ± 28,492 (±S.D.) m2. Fish were active during the day, foraging over sand habitat at depths averaging 21 ± 8 m, but were inactive at night, taking refuge near rocky reefs at depths averaging 15 ± 7 m. Seventeen additional fish were tagged with coded acoustic transmitters and passively tracked using automated underwater acoustic receivers for up to 1 year. Approximately 75% of these fish exhibited long-term (1 year) fidelity to home ranges in the study area. Results suggest that MPAs can be an effective means of protecting populations of ocean whitefish and based on their habitat associations, ocean whitefish can be managed separately from other reef associated groundfishes. 相似文献
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防城港人工礁区内5种恋礁鱼类的声学标志跟踪 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解人工鱼礁区鱼类的活动特点及使用超声波遥测方法进行人工鱼礁区鱼类研究的可行性, 2017年7月7日至9月8日于防城港人工鱼礁区利用Vemco定位系统(Vemco position system, VPS)对5种北部湾沿海常见的野生恋礁性鱼类共9尾[体长(21.7±3.8) cm,体重(314±186) g]进行超声波标志遥测跟踪。结果表明, 9尾鱼中的3尾定位效果较为理想(1749～9591个定位结果),活动范围较小,其中100%最小凸多边形(minimum convex polygon, MCPs)范围为12687.6～17123.2 m^2。而50%和95%核心利用分布(Kernelutilizationdistribution,KUDs)范围为5788.1～8708.9 m^2和10240.5～16463.7 m^2。另6尾鱼未取得理想的定位效果(0～14个定位结果),接收机接收回的定位数据可以被检测,表明鱼依然在礁区附近活动。在游离检测范围28～51 d后又有信号返回,说明样本鱼对人工鱼礁环境有一定的偏好性,研究期间样本鱼表现出一定的活动深度变化规律,在15:00～22:00时段活动深度相对较浅,主要集中于人工鱼礁礁体上方(距水底5 m以上)。研究表明,应用超声波遥测技术可以了解鱼类在自然生活状态下的活动特点,可作为鱼类研究的有效手段加以应用。 相似文献
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M. B. Lowry T. M. Glasby C. A. Boys H. Folpp I. Suthers M. Gregson 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2014,21(1):42-56
Understanding succession of fish communities associated with artificial structures is required to assess the potential of these initiatives as part of fisheries enhancement strategies and determine possible impacts on the broader ecological community. Artificial reef systems constructed in three south‐eastern Australian estuaries were monitored over a four‐year period. Recruitment of fish to the artificial reefs was rapid, with significantly greater species richness observed on artificial reefs than on natural habitats for the majority of locations and times. The rate of community change varied between estuaries and appeared to be related to the quality and amount of existing habitat and the distance of the artificial reef from sources of recruitment. General patterns were also identified among estuaries driven by strong recruitment, followed by a rapid reduction in several mobile schooling species. By contrast, there was early and sustained recruitment of a variety of sparid species, which are of importance to recreational and commercial fisheries. 相似文献
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Abstract – The consequences of individual behaviour to dynamics of populations has been a critical question in fish ecology, but linking the two has proven difficult. A modification of Sale's habitat selection model provides a conceptual linkage for relating resource availability and individual habitat selection to exploratory behaviour, emigration and population-level responses. Whole-population experiments with pupfish Cyprinodon macularius that linked all factors along this resource to population continuum lend support to this conceptual model, and illustrate that emigration may be much more common in fish populations than considered in most individual- or population-based models. Accommodating emigration can enhance the ecological appropriateness of behavioural experiments and increase confidence in extrapolation of experimental observations to population-level effects. New experimental designs and advancing technologies offer avenues for assessing population consequences of habitat selection and emigration by individual fish. Emigration often is the key linkage between individual behaviour and population responses, and greater understanding of the underlying factors affecting this often-overlooked demographic parameter could offer new approaches for management and conservation of fishes. 相似文献
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为了研究长江三峡水库变动回水区人工鱼礁建设后的效果,分别于2019年8月和12月,采用渔业资源传统调查与水声学探测结合的方法,对铜锣峡江段开展了资源现状调查。结果显示:人工鱼礁区域鱼类组成共计70种,隶属于6目14科,其中长江上游特有鱼类10种;人工鱼礁区域鱼类分布以小个体为主,夏季和冬季体长超过6 cm的个体占比分别为20.81%和22.19%;人工鱼礁区域鱼类密度高于其他区域,夏季和冬季鱼类密度分别为50.78 ind/hm2和86.23 ind/hm2;人工鱼礁区域鱼类分布具有时空特性,夏季主要集中于中下层,占比为87.79%,冬季主要集中分布于下层,占比为48.34%。结果表明,人工鱼礁具有一定的集鱼效果,有利于渔业资源的保护。 相似文献