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1.
P. Trematerra 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1998,71(7):135-137
The commercially available trap WB Probe II Trap have been used in laboratory to monitor insects activity in grains at 24±1°C
and 70±5% r.h.. The major coleopteran pests of cereals in Italy,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.),Rhyzopertha dominica (F.),Sitophilus oryzae (L.) andTribolium castaneum (Herbst), were added to the grain at about 0.9 insect per kg. Two tests were prepared: in the testA insect activity was observed in spring wheatTriticum aestivum, L.; in the testB were compared in oat grainAvena sativa L., spring wheatTriticum aestivum L. and maize grainZea mays L.
Significant differences in the numbers of insects collected by the traps were observed, both when compared across traps and
cereal types. In all cereals considered traps trapped moreS. oryzae thanT. castaneum andO. surinamenis; the species less trapped wereR. dominica. 相似文献
2.
The toxicity of allyl alcohol as a fumigant was assessed for adults ofTribolium castaneum (Herbst.),Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) andSitophilus oryzae (L.). Fumigations were carried out in 3.4–1 glass containers at concentrations of 1–15 mg/l for 3 h. The most sensitive species
wasS. oryzae and the most tolerant wasT. castaneum. A dose of 15 mg/l for 3 h was lethal to all three species tested. The feasibility of proposing allyl alcohol as a candidate
fumigant is discussed.
Publication of the Agricultural Research Organization. 相似文献
3.
Mervyn Bengston Melville Connell Richard A. H. Davies James M. Desmarchelier Mervyn P. Phillips Jack T. Snelson Rex Sticka 《Pest management science》1980,11(5):471-482
Duplicate field trials were carried out on bulk wheat in commercial silos in Queensland and New South Wales. Laboratory bioassays on samples of treated grain at intervals over 9 months, using malathion-resistant strains of insects, established that treatments were generally effective. Fenitrothion (12 mg kg?1)+ (1R)-phenothrin (2 mg kg?1) was more effective than pirimiphos-methyl (6 mg kg?1) + carbaryl (10 mg kg?1) against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Ephestia cautella (Walker); the order of effectiveness was reversed for S. granarius (L.). Against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum Jackquelin du Val and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), both treatments effectively prevented the production of progeny. The order of persistence was pirimiphos-methyl> (1R)-phenothrin>carbaryl or fenitrothion. During processing from wheat to white bread, residues were reduced by 98% for carbaryl, >44% for (1R)-phenothrin, 98% for fenitrothion and 85% for pirimiphosmethyl. 相似文献
4.
C. G. Athanassiou 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(4):367-372
The introduction of propylene glycol, DDVP and water inside perforated probe traps was evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness
in trapping adults of six species of Coleoptera infesting stored cereals. Adults ofSitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Tenebroides mauritanicus, Rhyzopertha dominica andOryzaephilus surinamen-sis were placed in plastic cylindrical bins each containing 14 kg of wheat. One probe trap was then introduced into each container
and the adults trapped were counted 72 h later. Experiments were conducted at two population densities, of 30 adults (approx.
one insect per 0.5 kg of wheat) and 90 adults (approx. three adults per 0.5 kg of wheat) of each species per container. The
highest percentage of adults trapped was observed forC. ferrugineus andT. castaneum, and the lowest forR. dominica andS. oryzae. No significant differences in number of adults captured (% of the total number of adults) was noted between the two population
density levels. At the lower density, the presence of killing agents in the traps did not increase the captures significantly;
on the other hand, at the higher density, the killing agents helped to increase significantly the catches of 5.oryzae, T. castaneum, T. mauritanicus andO. surinamensis, as compared with the catches in the control traps. No significant differences were noted forC. ferrugineus andR. dominica. 相似文献
5.
Mervyn Bengston Meville Connell Richard A. H. Davies James M. Desmarchelier W. Brian Elder Richard J. Hart Mervyn P. Phillips Edward G. Ridley B. Eric Ripp John T. Snelson Rex Sticka 《Pest management science》1980,11(1):61-76
Field trials with various pesticide combinations were carried out on bulk wheat in commercial silos in Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. Laboratory bioassays on samples of treated grain at intervals over 8 months using malathion-susceptible and malathion-resistant strains established the following orders of efficacy: against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), chlorpyrifos-methyl 10 mg kg?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg?1 = methacrifos 15 mg kg?1 in aerated storage > pirimiphos-methyl 4 or 6 mg kg?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg?1 = bioresmethrin 4 mg kg?1 + piperonyl butoxide 16 mg kg?1; against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), bioresmethrin 4 mg kg?1 + piperonyl butoxide 16 mg kg?1 > methacrifos 15 mg kg?1 > chlorpyrifos-methyl 10 mg kg?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg?1 = pirimiphos-methyl 4 or 6 mg kg?1 + bioresmethrin 1 mg kg?1. All treatments completely prevented production of progeny in Sitophilus granarius (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum Jackquelin du Val and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The biological efficacy of methacrifos was greater and the rate of degradation lower in aerated than in non-aerated storage. Residue levels of all compounds were determined chemically and were below proposed international residue levels to be considered by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. 相似文献
6.
The bioactive metabolites of someAllium plants, all exhibiting interesting pharmacological activities, were tested for their attractive/repellent activity against saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and rust-red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), insects infesting the stored-products. The data obtained showed significant repellent effect of the thiosulfinates againstS. oryzae. 相似文献
7.
Kattera P. Kashi 《Pest management science》1981,12(2):111-115
Five species of stored-product insects, [Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum (DuVal), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. granarius (L.)], exposed to phosphine in nitrogen and various oxygen-deficient atmospheres, showed reduced susceptibility to three concentrations of phosphine (0.02, 0.04 and 0.2 mg litre?1). The last two species also showed reduced susceptibility to phosphine at 2.0 mg litre?1. Generally mortality increased progressively as the level of oxygen was raised. There was a close relationship between the ability of insects to withstand anoxia and survival from phosphine treatment. 相似文献
8.
The bioactive metabolites of someAllium plants, all exhibiting interesting pharmacological activities, were tested for their attractive/repellent activity against
saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and rust-red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), insects infesting the stored-products.
The data obtained showed significant repellent effect of the thiosulfinates againstS. oryzae.
Part 6 in the series “Chemistry of the genus Allium”. 相似文献
9.
S. Navarro 《Phytoparasitica》1978,6(2):51-58
The relationship between different oxygen tensions and exposure times producing 95% mortality, and loss in weight of three stored-product insects at 54% R.H. and 26°C, was determined.Ephestia cautella (Wlk.) pupae andTribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults reacted in a similar pattern: the lower the oxygen concentration, the shorter the exposure time needed to produce 95% mortality, and the higher the rate of loss in weight. The response ofSitophilus oryzae (L.) adults was different: there was greater sensitivity at 1% oxygen than at the lower or higher levels of oxygen tested. A relationship was demonstrated between low oxygen tensions (0–5%) and the relative humidity of the environment for producing a lethal atmosphere forE. cautella pupae andT. castaneum adults. 相似文献
10.
Kattera P. Kashi 《Pest management science》1981,12(2):116-122
The responses of five species of adult stored-product insects [Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum (DuVal), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. granarius (L.)] to various doses of phosphine in atmospheres of air or nitrogen were determined. A few S. oryzae and S. granarius survived phosphine concentrations up to 80 mg litre?1 for 24 h in normal (air) or nitrogen atmospheres. By contrast, T. castaneum, T. confusum and R. dominica could not tolerate more than 0.2 mg phosphine litre?1 in air for 12 h. However, they could tolerate up to 10 mg phosphine litre?1 in nitrogen for that period. Increasing the phosphine concentration resulted in increased mortalities of the last three species. The possible mechanism underlying this response is discussed. The reproductive potential of insects surviving phosphine exposure in a nitrogen atmosphere was unaffected. 相似文献
11.
Consumption of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein-treated wheat flour by the red flour beetleTribolium castaneum (Herbst.), the rice weevilSitophilus oryzae (L.) and the lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F.), was significantly reduced compared with wheat flour alone. Consumption was affected when the insects were exposed for
3 days to flour disks containing protein-rich fraction of the ‘Bonneville’ pea variety. Antifeedants present in the pea protein
fraction are apparently responsible for the reduced feeding response in these species.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 6, 2004. 相似文献
12.
Shulamit Manulis D. Zutra Frida Kleitman Orit Dror I. David Miriam Zilberstaine E. Shabi 《Phytoparasitica》1998,26(3):223-230
Following failure in control of fire blight with streptomycin, the distribution of streptomycin-resistant strains ofErwinia amylovora in Israel was surveyed. During 1994–1997 109 pear, apple, loquat and quince orchards were monitored. Streptomycin-resistant
strains ofE. amylovora were recovered from flowers and from infected branches collected at 18 locations in the Sharon, Galilee and Golan Heights
regions. In the Sharon region all the isolated strains ofE. amylovora were streptomycin-resistant, whereas in the Galilee and Golan Heights, resistant as well as sensitiveE. amylovora strains were recovered at different locations. In the southern coastal plain no resistance could be detected. Streptomycin-resistant
strains ofE. amylovora did not hybridize with the DNA probe SMP3, and resistance could not be transferred by mating to a sensitive strain, suggesting
that streptomycin resistance in Israel is not plasmid-mediated. Fire blight symptoms were observed, for the first time, on
pear blossoms during the autumn of 1994. A high population of 2x 106-6x 107 CFU/flower in the autumn of 1995 and of 1996 was correlated with the appearance of blossom blight symptoms. 相似文献
13.
Mervyn Bengston Lynne M. Cooper Richard A. H. Davies James M. Desmarchelier Richard H. Hart Mervyn P. Phillips 《Pest management science》1983,14(4):385-398
Duplicate experiments were carried out on bulk sorghum stored in South Queensland and in Central Queensland. Bioassays of treated grain, conducted during 6 months' storage, established that fenitrothion (12 mg kg?1)+ bioresmethrin (1 mg kg?1), and pirimiphos-methyl (4 mg kg?1)+ carbaryl (8 mg kg?1), controlled typical malathionresistant strains of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Ephestia cautella (Walker). Chlorpyrifos-methyl (10 mg kg?1)+ pyrethrins (1.5 mg kg?1)+ piperonyl butoxide (12 mg kg?1), and fenitrothion (12 mg kg?1)+ (1R)-phenothrin (1 mg kg?1), also controlled the strains of S. oryzae, T. castaneum and E. cautella, but were only partly effective against R. dominica. Methacrifos (15 mg kg?1) controlled all the tested species except E. cautella. Chemical assays established that the residues and rates of breakdown of these grain protectants on sorghum conformed to the general pattern for other cereal grains; residues from the above treatments were below the individual Maximum Residue Limits recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. 相似文献
14.
K. R. S. Ascher Miriam Eliyahu E. Glotter A. Goldman I. Kirson A. Abraham M. Jacobson H. Schmutterer 《Phytoparasitica》1987,15(1):15-29
The antifeedant effect of several new withanolides on larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis, Epilachna varivestis andTribolium castaneum was investigated. 2,3-Dihydrowithanolide E (II) was an antifeedant forS. littoralis andE. varivestis; nicalbin A (XIV), and a mixture of withanicandrin (IX) and daturalactone A (X), were active against E. varivestis andT. castaneum. Some activity was shown by 6β,14α,17β,20αF-tetrahydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,4,24-trienolide (V) againstS. littoralis; 4β,5β-epoxy-6α,14α,17β,20αF-tetrahydroxy-l-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide (VII) againstE. varivestis andT. castaneum; 5α,6α,-epoxy-14α,17β,20αF-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide (VI) againstE. varivestis; and nicalbin B (XV) againstT. castaneum. 相似文献
15.
Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to identify plant accessions of the genusLycopersicon and ofSolarium pennellii resistant toSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.),Plusia chalcites (Esp.),Heliothis armigera (Hbn.), andPhthorimaea operculella (Zeu.), four insect pests of the cultivated tomato. Percent survival, larval weight, duration of development, damage scores, etc., were the criteria used to determine the relative resistance of the examined accessions. TheL. hirsutum accession LA 1777 and theL. hirsutum f.glabratum accession LA 407 were found to be highly resistant to all four insect pests. TheS. pennellii accession LA 716 was found to be resistant to the first three insects, but only partially resistant toP. operculella. The possible mechanisms of resistance,i.e., the physical entrapment of larvae and the toxic action of phytochemicals in the various accessions, are discussed. 相似文献
16.
BACKGROUND: Methyl bromide is being phased out for use on stored commodities, as it is listed as an ozone‐depleting substance, and phosphine is the fumigant widely used on grains. However, phosphine resistance occurs worldwide, and phosphine fumigation requires a long exposure period and temperatures of > 15 °C. There is an urgent requirement for the development of a fumigant that kills insects quickly and for phosphine resistance management. This paper reports on a new fumigant formulation of 95% ethyl formate plus 5% methyl isothiocyanate as an alternative fumigant for stored grains. RESULTS: The formulation is stable for at least 4 months of storage at 45 °C. A laboratory bioassay with the formulation showed that it controlled all stages of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Sitophilus granarius (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Trogoderma variabile Ballion and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) in infested wheat, barley, oats and peas at 80 mg L?1 for 5 days, and in canola at both 40 mg L?1 for 5 days and 80 mg L?1 for 2 days at 25 ± 2 °C. After an 8–14 day holding period, residues of ethyl formate and methyl isothiocyanate in wheat, barley, peas and canola were below the experimental permit levels of 1.0 and 0.1 mg kg?1. However, fumigated oats needed an 18 day holding period. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the ethyl formate plus methyl isothiocyanate formulation has potential as a fumigant for the control of stored‐grain insect pests in various commodities. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
A complex of events and factors, pertinent to a specific insect and insecticide, governs the development of resistance to
insecticides. In Israel, resistance to conventional and novel insecticides occurred in insect pests such asBemisia tabaci andSpodoptera littoralis (that damage agricultural crops),Tribolium castaneum and other flour beetles (that contaminate stored products), andPediculus humanus spp., house flies and mosquitoes (that threaten public health). In the mid-1980s an insecticide resistance management (IRM)
strategy was established for all cotton grown in Israel and is being adjusted on a yearly basis as needed. At present, insect
pest management and IRM strategies are being developed and implemented area-wide for three regions in Israel: Bet She’an Valley,
western Galilee, and western Negev. There are several research groups now working in Israel on various aspects of resistance
including occurrence, mechanisms, and management practices. This paper offers a tentative review of the status of insecticide
and acaricide resistance in pests in Israel. 相似文献
18.
Ethyl [2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl] carbamate (RO 13-5223) at a dietary concentration of 100 mg kg-1 synergized the toxicity of thetrans- andcis-isomers of permethrin and cypermethrin in inhibiting the growth (measured as gain in larval weight) ofTribolium castaneum andMusca domestica vicina. With both species the synergism factor forcis-cypermethrin with 100 mg kg-1 synergist was 1.5- to twofold for RO 13-5223 and about fourfold for piperonyl butoxide. Synergism was more pronounced with first instar than with fourth instarT. castaneum larvae. Methoprene was not a pyrethroid synergist withT. castaneum larvae, so the synergistic effect of RO 13-5223 appears to depend on its structural features and not its insect-growth-regulator activity. Joint application of RO 13-5223 and pyrethroids resulted in a dual effect on bothT. castaneum andM. domestica: increased inhibition of larval growth due to pyrethroid synergism, and progeny suppression — expressed by larval and pupal mortality — due to RO 13-5223 juvenilizing activity. 相似文献
19.
BACKGROUND: Environmental impacts and resistance to insecticides pose serious challenges to stored‐product insect and other types of pest control. Insect‐resistant transgenic grain is a potential alternative to fumigants, but candidate control proteins are needed, especially for coleopterans. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a coleopteran‐active toxin, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa, with or without protease inhibitors, in laboratory feeding assays against coleopteran storage pests. RESULTS: In a comparison of the toxicity of Cry3Aa protoxin towards three species of coleopteran storage pests, Tenebrio molitor L. was found to be most sensitive, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) was most refractory and Rhyzopertha dominica F. displayed an intermediate response. For R. dominica, Cry3Aa combined with 3500 mg potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor or 5000 mg aprotinin kg?1 diet resulted in both delayed development and increased mortality. Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor and bovine aprotinin reduced the LC50 of Cry3Aa for R. dominica two‐ and threefold respectively. Cry3Aa treatment resulted in fewer progeny from R. dominica, and progeny was further reduced when the protoxin was combined with potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that a combination of Cry3Aa protoxin and protease inhibitors, particularly a potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor, may have applications in control strategies for preventing damage to stored products and grains by coleopteran pests. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Commercially stored wheat and barley were surface treated with dust formulations of pirimiphos-methyl and etrimfos at the manufacturer's recommended application rate. Samples were taken at four-weekly intervals for 32 and 16 weeks for wheat and barley respectively. Pesticide efficacy was determined using insect bioassays and chemical analysis of residues. There was no evidence to suggest a decline in residue levels of either pesticide over the experimental period. However, considerable variation was observed in the residue levels recorded at different sample points and also between residue levels recorded for the same point over the trial period. Control of susceptible strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) was achieved where recovered pesticide residues remained above 1 mg kg−1 pirimiphos-methyl and 1·6 mg kg−1 etrimfos. 相似文献