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1.
辐照预处理促进玉米秸秆酶解糖化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以~(60)Co为辐照源,研究了0～2 000 kGy不同辐照剂量处理对玉米秸秆水解及酶解还原糖产量的影响,采用DNS法测定样品中水溶性还原糖的含量,探讨了辐照剂量与还原糖生成量的关系。结果表明,较高剂量的辐照对玉米秸秆有明显的降解糖化作用,经1200,1600,2000kGy剂量辐照后,玉米杆和玉米叶的还原糖含量分别提高了69.88%和445.63%;辐照后玉米秸秆易于酶解,随着辐照剂量的增大,酶解产糖量显著增加;在较高剂量下,辐照一酶解复合降解玉米秸秆效果优于单一的辐照处理和单一酶处理;辐照后的玉米秆和玉米叶经酶解处理,其还原糖含量分别增加了16.63%～184.13%和8.49%～228.45%,提高了纤维素原料的利用率。 相似文献
2.
辐照对烤鳗制品中药物残留的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为实现科学安全的降解烤鳗药物残留,本研究采用60Co-γ射线对烤鳗进行处理,分别设置辐照剂量为0kGy、1kGy、3kGy、5kGy、7kGy、9kGy,考察辐照剂量对烤鳗制品中四种氟喹诺酮类和隐色结晶紫残留量的影响。结果表明：辐照对四种氟喹诺酮类和隐色结晶紫均有降解效果,当辐照剂量5kGy时,影响达显著水平,此时,氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、双氟沙星及隐色结晶紫的降解率分别为37.89%、41.77%、41.76%、57.34%、32.89%。随辐照剂量的增大,其降解率也增大。 相似文献
3.
60Co辐照对澳洲坚果种子萌发与幼苗形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
澳洲坚果品种‘云澳57号’、‘云澳51号’、‘云澳41号’、‘云澳58号’的种子以剂量率为10 Gy/h的60Co-γ射线进行辐照处理,剂量分别为40 Gy、120 Gy和200 Gy。结果表明：60Co-γ射线辐照对澳洲坚果种子萌发有抑制作用,且不同品种对辐照剂量的敏感性不同;较低剂量（40Gy）的60Co-γ射线辐照会显著提高品种‘云澳41号’的萌发率,而品种‘云澳57号’则对所有剂量的辐照均不敏感;随着60Co-γ射线辐照剂量的增加,4个澳洲坚果品种的幼苗真叶长度、宽度和叶面积呈显著降低趋势;且60Co-γ射线辐照会使幼苗茎干变短、茎围增粗,其变化幅度因品种而异。 相似文献
4.
60Coγ射线与EMS对小麦近等基因系TcLr10的复合诱变 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为获得60Coγ射线与EMS对小麦近等基因系TcLr10的复合诱变体系,研究以小麦抗叶锈近等基因系为材料,应用60Coγ射线进行辐照并用EMS溶液进行处理,对小麦的发芽率、三叶期、致死率及抗病性进行分析。结果表明,本试验所用的诱变剂量对小麦近等基因的发芽率影响不显著。所用处理中到达三叶期的时间基本相同,但三叶期到四叶期的时间却随着浓度的增加而减少。当辐照剂量达到或大于0.15 kGy时,致死率显著增加。在EMS浓度为0.4%,60Coγ射线辐照剂量为0.15 kGy时,得到了3株小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系的突变体所得最佳诱变组合为EMS浓度为0.4%,60Coγ射线辐照剂量0.15 kGy。 相似文献
5.
采用60Co-γ辐射处理马铃薯单细胞,快速高效获得马铃薯突变体材料,为丰富马铃薯育种材料提供支持。以紫色马铃薯‘黑美人’试管苗和块茎2种外植体为材料,进行愈伤组织诱导和继代培养并建立细胞悬浮培养系。以紫色马铃薯‘黑美人’单细胞为辐射材料,采用5个剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射处理,观察比较不同辐射处理条件下单细胞的再生率。结果表明：经过10 Gy的60Co-γ辐射处理后,有一定数量的再生植株产生,20 Gy的60Co-γ辐射处理后,植株再生慢,再生率低。经过40Gy、60 Gy的60Co-γ辐射处理后无再生植株。细胞核制片观察结果表明：通过30天的再生培养后,细胞核的外形有明显的变化,10 Gy的辐射处理对细胞核的影响仍明显低于20 Gy,说明60Co-γ辐射处理单细胞引起的诱变具有一定的稳定性,有望获得到马铃薯突变体材料。 相似文献
6.
魔芋葡甘聚糖的辐照降解研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同剂量的Coγ-射线对魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)的辐照降解作用。黏度测定结果表明,辐照后KGM60的黏度随着辐照剂量的增加而显著下降;凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)结果显示,KGM分子量随着辐照剂量的增加而下降,经5.0kGy和100.0kGy辐照后,KGM的重均分子量Mw从未辐照的4.81×105下降到3.70×105和3.98×104;热重分析(TG)结果表明,辐照并未对KGM的热性能造成显著影响,100.0kGy辐照后,KGM的热分解温度只比对照下降20℃。对KGM辐照前后的酶解结果表明,辐照提高了KGM对β-葡甘聚糖酶的敏感性,从一定程度上促进了酶解效果。 相似文献
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8.
马铃薯生料发酵制备乙醇的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较了商品复合酶和生淀粉酶对马铃薯生料直接发酵转化乙醇的影响,60Co-γ射线辐照处理马铃薯对乙醇发酵的影响。结果表明,以生淀粉酶为糖化剂的发酵液中乙醇体积分数远远高于商品复合酶的乙醇体积分数,辐照处理可显著提高马铃薯生料转化乙醇的能力。 相似文献
9.
以泰国青芒果(honeys)、澳大利亚红芒果(R2E2)和台湾二林种杨桃为试材,研究电子束辐照处理对果实表皮色泽的影响,为电子束辐照检疫进口水果提供参考依据。结果表明,三种水果经0.43、0.85、1.26、1.68 kGy剂量的电子束辐照后立即观测,未发现肉眼可见的色泽变化,但总色差计算分析表明,辐照处理可导致果实产生色差,其中以0.43 kGy处理的色差最小,1.68 kGy处理的最大。货架条件(15~25℃)存放7 d后,不同辐照剂量处理的果皮色泽表现出明显的差异,果皮出现褐变,且剂量越大,褐变指数越高,其中泰国青芒果的后熟黄化受到抑制。因此,建议台湾二林种杨桃的适宜辐照剂量应在0.43 kGy以下,泰国青芒果和澳大利亚红芒果的适宜辐照剂量应在0.85 kGy以下。统计分析色泽参数(L*、a*、b*)与辐照剂量的相关性发现,三种水果果皮的红/绿轴参数a*与辐照剂量存在显著相关,在评价辐照果实色泽中具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
不同剂量的60Co-γ射线和Fe+对番茄生物学效应及抗晚疫病研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨不同剂量60Co-γ射线和Fe+对番茄生长发育及其抗晚疫病性影响,利用40、60、80、100Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线和4Mev9×1012剂量的Fe+对番茄品种‘佳粉十五’和Bolrorpagokue的种子进行辐照,对辐照种子的出苗率,植株生长特性,果实特性和抗晚疫病性进行测定。结果表明：经过80Gy和100Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照的Bolrorpagokue和‘佳粉十五’的出苗率均大于对照处理;4Mev9×1012剂量的Fe+辐照对‘佳粉十五’和Bolrorpagokue的株高值均大于对照处理;除了4Mev9×1012剂量的Fe+辐照‘佳粉十五’的叶形指数大于对照处理外,其他辐照处理的叶形指数均小于对照处理,Bolrorpagokue的各辐照处理的叶形指数均大于对照处理;除了4Mev9×1012剂量的Fe+辐照处理外,其他辐照‘佳粉十五’处理的茎粗均大于对照处理,除了60Gy和80Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照处理外,其他辐照Bolrorpagokue处理的茎粗均大于对照处理;经过辐照的‘佳粉十五’的坐果数减少,而经过辐照的Bolrorpagokue的坐果数大多数会增加;‘佳粉十五’辐照处理的果形指数均大于对照处理,而Bolrorpagokue辐照处理的果形指数均小于对照处理;4Mev9×1012剂量的Fe+辐照‘佳粉十五’的抗病性最好,而100Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照和4Mev9×1012剂量的Fe+辐照Bolrorpagokue处理的抗病性较好。 相似文献
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为了研究辐照处理结合保藏温度对米糕保藏效果的影响,采用4,6,8,10 kGy剂量辐照米糕,在-18,4℃和常温环境中保藏,对其贮藏期内霉菌斑出现时间、气味感官评价、硬度及色度进行测定。结果表明,辐照处理对米糕中的霉菌生长起到了抑制作用,且10 kGy辐照处理完全杀灭了米糕样品中的霉菌;温度升高会加速米糕的老化程度,10 kGy辐照处理结合4℃环境可以改善米糕的老化程度,同时可以保持米糕特有的气味;10 kGy辐照处理对米糕色度影响最小。由此可知,米糕辐照综合保质的最优条件是10 kGy辐照处理结合4℃贮藏环境。 相似文献
13.
Hsiao-Wei Wen Hsiao-Ping Chung Ya-Ting Wang Po-Chow Hsieh I-Hsin Lin Fong-In Chou 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,50(2-3):208-215
This study examines the protective effects of gamma irradiation against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination and its effect on the nutritive value of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.). Adlay was treated with doses of 0–20 kGy gamma irradiation and subsequently stored at ambient temperature. The number of insects, microbial quality and chemical properties of irradiated and non-irradiated adlay were evaluated immediately after treatment and after 6 months of storage. Before irradiation, total aerobic microbial counts ranged from 5.6 × 102 to 1.4 × 105 CFU g−1 and the mean total number of insects was 3.2 ± 2.1 per 100 g of polished kernel. Two kilograys was the lowest dose that provided 100% insect control. A radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans RC1, was found in 2 of 10 adlay samples. Four kilograys was a sufficient dose for Enterobacteriaceae inactivation, and 6 kGy was a sufficient dose for yeast and fungi inactivation. Twenty and 8 kGy sufficed for the inactivation of all mesophilic microbes in samples with and without D. radiodurans, separately. Moreover the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein and riboflavin content all remained constant. However, 8 kGy irradiation reduced vitamin B1 concentration by 24.2%, but did not measurably reduce the amount of amino acids, except methionine and cysteine. Fatty acid contents did not alter after 8 kGy irradiation, but changes were observed after the 6 months of storage. These changes caused by irradiation were no greater than those caused by the 6-month storage. Irradiation up to 8 kGy did not markedly increase the acid value, but did increase the peroxide value to 13% of the initial value right after irradiation. However, significant changes in acid value and peroxide value were noted after 6 months of storage both in non-irradiated and post-irradiated storage samples. Additionally, 8 kGy irradiation did not significantly change the adlay appearance. The improvement in the hygiene of this vital food source compensates for the small loss of some nutritional constituents. Hence 8 kGy of gamma irradiation can be used in cold decontamination of adlay to prolong shelf-life, to improve postharvest quality, and to reduce the risk of food-borne disease. 相似文献
14.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(3):366-373
Anthracnose is the main postharvest disease in papaya fruit. Today, there is considerable interest on alternative methods of control to promote resistance against pathogens and supplement or replace the use of fungicides. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effects of gamma and UV-C irradiation on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of anthracnose. Mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination were evaluated in vitro after fungal exposition to different irradiation doses. In the in vivo assays, ‘Golden’ papaya fruit were inoculated through subcuticular injections of a conidial suspension or mycelium discs. Next, fruit were submitted to different irradiation doses (0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 kGy), using Co60 as source, or UV-C (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.84, 1.3, and 2.4 kJ m−2). To check the possibility of resistance induction by irradiation, papayas were also inoculated 24, 48, or 72 h after the treatments. The fruit were stored at 25 °C/80% RH for 7 days and evaluated for incidence and rot severity. The results showed that the 0.75 and 1 kGy doses inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth in vitro. All doses increased fungal sporulation. The 0.75 and 1 kGy doses reduced anthracnose incidence and severity, but did not reduce them when the fruit were inoculated after irradiation. All UV-C doses inhibited conidial germination and those higher than 0.84 kJ m−2 inhibited mycelial growth. The 0.4, 0.84, and 1.3 kJ m−2 UV-C doses reduced fungal sporulation in vitro. There was no effect of UV-C doses and time intervals between treatment and inoculation on anthracnose control and fungal sporulation in fruit lesions. Moreover, all UV-C doses caused scald on the fruit. Thus, gamma irradiation can contribute for the reduction of postharvest losses caused by anthracnose and reduce the use or doses of fungicides on disease control. 相似文献
15.
~(60)Coγ射线辐照处理对木薯淀粉结晶度的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了60Coγ辐射处理对木薯淀粉结晶度的影响。结果表明,辐照处理不会改变木薯淀粉的晶体类型,但对淀粉晶相有一定的影响。处理对淀粉晶相结晶度有极显著的影响,木薯原淀粉和分别经过50,100,200,400kGY辐照处理后淀粉的结晶度依次为38.5%,37.9%,34.4%,29.3%,25.1%。 相似文献
16.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(2-3):208-215
This study examines the protective effects of gamma irradiation against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination and its effect on the nutritive value of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.). Adlay was treated with doses of 0–20 kGy gamma irradiation and subsequently stored at ambient temperature. The number of insects, microbial quality and chemical properties of irradiated and non-irradiated adlay were evaluated immediately after treatment and after 6 months of storage. Before irradiation, total aerobic microbial counts ranged from 5.6 × 102 to 1.4 × 105 CFU g−1 and the mean total number of insects was 3.2 ± 2.1 per 100 g of polished kernel. Two kilograys was the lowest dose that provided 100% insect control. A radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans RC1, was found in 2 of 10 adlay samples. Four kilograys was a sufficient dose for Enterobacteriaceae inactivation, and 6 kGy was a sufficient dose for yeast and fungi inactivation. Twenty and 8 kGy sufficed for the inactivation of all mesophilic microbes in samples with and without D. radiodurans, separately. Moreover the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein and riboflavin content all remained constant. However, 8 kGy irradiation reduced vitamin B1 concentration by 24.2%, but did not measurably reduce the amount of amino acids, except methionine and cysteine. Fatty acid contents did not alter after 8 kGy irradiation, but changes were observed after the 6 months of storage. These changes caused by irradiation were no greater than those caused by the 6-month storage. Irradiation up to 8 kGy did not markedly increase the acid value, but did increase the peroxide value to 13% of the initial value right after irradiation. However, significant changes in acid value and peroxide value were noted after 6 months of storage both in non-irradiated and post-irradiated storage samples. Additionally, 8 kGy irradiation did not significantly change the adlay appearance. The improvement in the hygiene of this vital food source compensates for the small loss of some nutritional constituents. Hence 8 kGy of gamma irradiation can be used in cold decontamination of adlay to prolong shelf-life, to improve postharvest quality, and to reduce the risk of food-borne disease. 相似文献