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化学除草是农业技术改革的一项新措施,是农业现代化不可缺少的组成部分。甜菜地采用化学除草不仅有效地控制杂草危害、提高甜菜产质量,还使人们从繁重的除草劳动中解放出来。随着我国制糖工业的发展,甜菜种植面积逐年增加,迫切要求实现甜菜栽培机械化。草荒则是实现甜菜栽培机械化的严重障碍,因而化学除草是实现甜菜栽培机械化的重要环节,目前在甜菜生产上,化学除草剂的应用仍处在试验、示范阶段。为尽快应用于生产,几年来我们开展了此项试验研究工作,现将结果报道如下: 相似文献
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按照安徽省沿江植棉区春季直播棉田杂草发生规律，选用5种除草剂在棉花不同生长时期施用，结合中耕除草，研究这些除草措施对春季直播棉田杂草的防除效果；同时调查了不同除草措施对棉花生长、产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明，播后芽前喷施土壤处理除草剂可较好地防治棉田主要禾本科杂草和小粒阔叶类杂草。苗期中耕除草的株防效与除草剂组合差异不显著，质量防效则低于除草剂组合；草甘膦+精喹禾灵+三氟啶磺隆组合的防效优于草甘膦+精喹禾灵组合，但两者差异不显著。蕾期喷施草甘膦+精喹禾灵+三氟啶磺隆的除草效果优于三氟啶磺隆+精喹禾灵。不同的除草措施对棉花生长、产量产生显著影响，对纤维品质影响不明显。推荐该地区春季直播棉田最佳除草措施为：播后芽前土壤处理除草剂+苗期中耕除草+蕾期茎叶处理除草剂。 相似文献
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山西甜菜田杂草种类名录（一）常儒，王晓（山西大同糖厂，大同．０３７０３９）农田杂草是甜菜生产上一大灾害。在山西省种类多、危害严重，常与作物争水、争肥、争光，助长病、虫害的发生与蔓延。影响作物的生长发育，造成减产和品质下降。当前，甜菜田除草仍靠繁重的体... 相似文献
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黑河市大豆田杂草发生每年4月至8月的春、夏、秋三季,杂草的发生随季节性变化表现出明显的季相。大豆综合除草措施是化学除草和农艺措施相结合,同时要加强田间施药技术规范化。 相似文献
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系统组装综合技术提高豆地化学除草的安全性刘相增董建国张合予刘玉华（黑龙江农垦建三江局·建三江，１５６３００）化学除草的基本原则是安全、有效、经济。安全是针对当季和下茬作物而言，衡量标准是药害程度；有效是对杂草而言，衡量标准是杀草谱、杀草率；经济是对成... 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv.
Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two
months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February
or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in
cv. Spunta from February to April. 相似文献
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Kenji Suzuki Tomonori Sato Yukiyo Yamamoto Jun Furuya 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(1):129-137
In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis
was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos.
The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes
regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular,
heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season. 相似文献
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马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。 相似文献