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1.
水溶性氟苯尼考的研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用溶剂法固体分散技术制备氟苯尼考固体分散体,增加氟苯尼考的水溶性,提高其生物利用度,为进一步制成理想剂型打下基础。通过高效液相色谱法测定氟苯尼考固体分散体的体外溶解度和溶出度;采用差热分析法鉴别氟苯尼考在载体中的存在状态。结果表明,与氟苯尼考本身相比,固体分散体中氟苯尼考溶解度和溶出度明显增大,氟苯尼考固体分散体能显著提高氟苯尼考的水溶性。 相似文献
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为了提高氟苯尼考在水中的溶解度,探讨氟苯尼考包合物批量生产工艺,采用胶体磨和喷雾干燥技术制备氟苯尼考-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物,并用正交试验法优化工艺参数,以包合率和得率为判断指标,得到包合物的最佳条件为氟苯尼考与羟丙基-β-环糊精摩尔投料比是1∶1,包合时间为1 h,氟苯尼考在整个溶液体系中的药物浓度为6 mg/mL。所得包合物经红外光谱法、差示扫描量热分析法进行分析鉴定,表明氟苯尼考与羟丙基-β-环糊精形成了包合物,其包合率可达到83.74%,得率达98.48%,氟苯尼考溶解度由原来的1.25 mg/mL提高到了40.76 mg/mL。表明该工艺能够用于氟苯尼考-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的批量制备。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医》2017,(6)
为了提高氟苯尼考在水中的溶解度,探讨氟苯尼考包合物批量生产工艺,采用胶体磨和喷雾干燥技术制备氟苯尼考-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物,并用正交试验法优化工艺参数,以包合率和得率为判断指标,得到包合物的最佳条件为氟苯尼考与羟丙基-β-环糊精摩尔投料比是1∶1,包合时间为1h,氟苯尼考在整个溶液体系中的药物浓度为6mg/mL。所得包合物经红外光谱法、差示扫描量热分析法进行分析鉴定,表明氟苯尼考与羟丙基-β-环糊精形成了包合物,其包合率可达到83.74%,得率达98.48%,氟苯尼考溶解度由原来的1.25 mg/mL提高到了40.76mg/mL。表明该工艺能够用于氟苯尼考-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的批量制备。 相似文献
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为了探索新疆南疆地区表皮葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考注射液的敏感性，试验采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了氟苯尼考注射液对表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 35984和临床分离株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC),对表皮葡萄球菌生长、生物被膜形成的抑制作用及表面疏水性的影响，测定了氟苯尼考注射液的体外抑菌效果及其对表皮葡萄球菌细胞膜完整性的影响。结果表明：氟苯尼考注射液对表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 35984和临床分离株的MIC值分别为4,2μg/mL,MBC值分别为16,8μg/mL。与未加氟苯尼考注射液的菌液相比，0.5μg/mL氟苯尼考注射液可显著抑制表皮葡萄球菌生长，0.25μg/mL氟苯尼考可显著抑制其生物被膜的形成(P<0.05),浓度>2μg/mL时抑制效果极显著(P<0.01),呈浓度依赖性；氟苯尼考注射液可降低表皮葡萄球菌细胞表面疏水性，呈浓度依赖性。当氟苯尼考注射液浓度为1/2 MIC时，可在体外显著抑制表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 35984生长(P<0.05);当浓度高于1 MIC时，可极显著抑制表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 35984和临床分离株生长(P<0.01)。当... 相似文献
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使用三种指示剂对压力蒸汽灭菌效果进行观察，结果发现，１２１℃作用２０ｍｉｎ，用嗜热脂肪杆菌芽孢菌片监测合格率为７１％，化学指示卡为５４％，指示管为１００％；１２１℃作用３０ｍｉｎ，菌片法为９５％，化学指示卡为９０％，指示管为１００％；１２６℃，合格率为１００％。物品透气性差，灭菌效果亦差。关键词压力蒸汽灭菌；化学指示剂；生物指示剂；灭菌监测方法。 相似文献
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本文旨在通过制备氟苯尼考无定形固体分散体（amorphous solid dispersion,ASD）提高其溶解度和生物利用度。选用醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯（hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate,HPMCAS-MF）为载体,利用反溶剂共沉淀法制备氟苯尼考无定形固体分散体,利用X-射线衍射、热分析及扫描电镜对ASD进行表征,并通过测定溶出度和药物代谢动力学对其体内外释药进行研究。结果显示,当氟苯尼考与载体的比例为5：5时形成固体分散体,该固体分散体无氟苯尼考的晶体衍射峰,无氟苯尼考的特定熔点峰,扫描电镜结果未见氟苯尼考ASD表面光滑的晶体形态,而是显示疏松多孔结构,表面积增大,且使氟苯尼考的饱和溶解度提高了4.8倍,相对生物利用度提高了约37.2%,该固体分散体在3个月内稳定性良好。综上表明,利用共沉淀法制备的新型氟苯尼考固体分散体稳定性良好,可有效提高氟苯尼考溶解度和生物利用度。 相似文献
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Accuracy of open magnetic resonance imaging for guiding injection of the equine deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof 
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下载免费PDF全文 Lauren M. Groom Nathaniel A. White II M. Norris Adams Jennifer G. Barrett 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(6):671-678
Lesions of the distal deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) are frequently diagnosed using MRI in horses with foot pain. Intralesional injection of biologic therapeutics shows promise in tendon healing; however, accurate injection of distal deep digital flexor tendon lesions within the hoof is difficult. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate accuracy of a technique for injection of the deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof using MRI‐guidance, which could be performed in standing patients. We hypothesized that injection of the distal deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof could be accurately guided using open low‐field MRI to target either the lateral or medial lobe at a specific location. Ten cadaver limbs were positioned in an open, low‐field MRI unit. Each distal deep digital flexor tendon lobe was assigned to have a proximal (adjacent to the proximal aspect of the navicular bursa) or distal (adjacent to the navicular bone) injection. A titanium needle was inserted into each tendon lobe, guided by T1‐weighted transverse images acquired simultaneously during injection. Colored dye was injected as a marker and postinjection MRI and gross sections were assessed. The success of injection as evaluated on gross section was 85% (70% proximal, 100% distal). The success of injection as evaluated by MRI was 65% (60% proximal, 70% distal). There was no significant difference between the success of injecting the medial versus lateral lobe. The major limitation of this study was the use of cadaver limbs with normal tendons. The authors conclude that injection of the distal deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof is possible using MRI guidance. 相似文献
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C T Johnson 《The Veterinary record》1978,103(10):204-206
When two injections of 500 microgram cloprostenol are given 11 days apart to unselected cycling heifers the onset of oestrus behaviour is significantly earlier, and more compact, after the second injection than after the first. The time from treatment to the onset of oestrus following this second injection was not significantly different from that obtaining in animals given a single injection on day 8 of the oestrous cycle. It is suggested that the more precise onset of oestrus after the second of two cloprostenol injections is due to the majority of animals being at a comparable stage of the oestrous cycle when the treatment is given. The earlier oestrus after two cloprostenol injections may be due to the greater number of heifers at days 7, 8 and 9 of the oestrous cycle at the time the second injection is given. 相似文献
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Nine cats were available for the present trial. Six thoracic limbs were dissected without any previous treatment. In the remaining twelve thoracic limbs, each articular space was injected with silicone and then fixed with a 5% formalin solution before being submitted to dissection. For the radiological examination ten adult cats were available and arthrographs were taken in two axial planes of each joint. The elbow-joints of six additional cats were injected with six differently formulated contrast media. Radiographs were taken at different time intervals: instantly, five and ten minutes after intraarticular injection. The quality of the contrast and clarity of the structures are discussed. A lateral and a cranial location for injection are described for shoulder-joint, as well as a caudolateral and a craniolateral location for the elbow. A dorsal injection location is recommended for the antebrachiocarpal articulation and the middle carpal articulation. The injection sides described are discussed comparing them with those taken from the literature on dogs and cats. The results obtained from arthrograms are compared with data from literature on dogs. The radiographs of the elbow show clear differences in quality depending on the contrast medium used and on time between injection and exposure. As a result, recommendations can be made for suitable contrast media for arthrograms of the shoulder-, elbow- and carpal-joint in cats. Further, it is recommended that radiographs should be taken not later than five minutes after injection of the contrast media. 相似文献
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色差计在注射用青霉素溶液颜色判定中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用色差计对注射用青霉素溶液的颜色和标准比色液进行了测定,得到了准确的溶液颜色的色差值ΔE*,所测注射用青霉素溶液的色差值均低于标准2号比色液的色差值,青霉素溶液的颜色在2小时内的色差值ΔE*一致。结果表明色差计法数据准确直观,可作为判定注射用青霉素颜色的依据。 相似文献
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为评价泰地罗新注射液注射液(4%)对猪呼吸道疾病的有效性和安全性,试验选择自然发病、表现典型的呼吸系统疾病症状的130头猪进行治疗效果试验。将患病猪随机分成2组(试验组和对照组),受试组采用泰地罗新注射液(4 mg/kg体重)肌内注射给药,对照组采用氟苯尼考注射液(2 mg/kg体重)肌内注射给药。结果显示:受试组和对照组给药后,对猪呼吸道疾病的有效率分别为86.15%和78.46%,治愈率分别为83.08%和75.38%,死亡率分别为10.77%和16.92%。泰地罗新注射液与氟苯尼考注射液相比,疗效更好,死亡率较低。泰地罗新注射液对自然感染副猪嗜血杆菌和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌等引起的呼吸道疾病具有良好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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Twenty-eight 4-d-old nursing pigs were used in two trials to evaluate the effects of im injection of iron (Fe) from Fe-dextran upon subsequent serum mineral concentrations. An im injection of 150 mg of Fe from Fe-dextran was given to all pigs (n = 17) in trial 1. Serum Fe concentration increased rapidly from an initial mean of 65 to 3,466 micrograms/dl at 6 h postinjection (PI), 5,712 micrograms/dl at 24 h PI, then fell to 317 micrograms/dl at 4 d PI, 143 micrograms/dl at 7 d PI and remained about 100 micrograms/dl at 14, 21 and 28 d PI. Concentrations of other serum minerals did not appear to be influenced by the Fe-dextran injection. Treatments of Pigs (n = 11) in trial 2 were no injection, injection of dextran only, injection of 100 mg Fe from Fe-dextran and injection of 200 mg Fe from Fe-dextran. Serum Fe concentration increased rapidly after Fe-dextran injection, rising to a peak of 11,028 micrograms/dl at 6 h PI from the 100-mg Fe injection and 17,012 micrograms/dl at 6 h PI from the 200-mg Fe injection. Serum Fe concentration dropped steadily in pigs that were given no injection or injected with dextran only. Seven days after trial 2 started, all pigs that had received no injection or dextran only were injected with 100 mg Fe from Fe-dextran.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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A priming effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone on luteinizing hormone secretion in the boar. 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The possibility that gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) can prime the anterior pituitary to a second dose of GnRH resulting in a greatly enhanced secretion of luteinizing hormone was examined in three adult boars. Four experiments were conducted: saline injection followed one hour later by a second saline injection (control); 1 microgram of synthetic GnRH injection followed one hour later by saline injection; saline injection followed one hour later by GnRH injection; GnRH injection followed one hour later by a second GnRH injection. Immunoassayable levels of plasma luteinizing hormone resulting from GnRH plus GnRH treatment were significantly greater than the sum obtained when values from GnRH plus saline and saline plus GnRH were added. Testosterone values in plasma reached maximal concentrations about 60 minutes after peak values of luteinizing hormone were achieved. The results suggest that the first dose of GnRH, in addition to stimulating release of luteinizing hormone can also sensitize the gonadotrophs to a second dose of GnRH causing a significantly greater release of luteinizing hormone. 相似文献
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G. DELIS G. BATZIAS E. THEODOSIADOU G. KOUNENIS & M. KOUTSOVITI-PAPADOPOULOU 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2009,32(5):457-464
The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin (AMX) were investigated in sheep following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m) injection, comparing two different drug formulations, a conventional and a long-acting AMX-trihydrate suspension. For the i.m. application two different injections sites, the neck area and the hind limb were used to identify possible differences in the kinetic parameters related to the site of injection. A three-compartment open model could best describe AMX disposition after i.v. administration. Data analysis after i.m. administration of the conventional suspension at both injection sites revealed the occurrence of a flip-flop phenomenon, clearly indicating that absorption of AMX is the rate-limiting step of its overall disposition. A moderate effect of the injection site was observed with a tendency for the neck area to be advantageous, mainly in terms of rate rather than extent of absorption. Injection of the long-acting formulation led to a focal depot formation, thus yielding lower but remarkably prolonged serum AMX levels reflected in the respective terminal half-lives. The concentration–time profile of AMX after administration of the long-acting formulation was less affected by the injection site, but the low serum levels justify its use only in cases in which a high susceptibility of the involved bacterial population is confirmed. 相似文献
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Kogut MH 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2002,25(3):159-172
Increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ infectivity in chickens can be conferred by the prophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (ILK). Resistance is associated with an enhanced heterophilic accumulation within 4 h of ILK injection. In these studies, the role of IL-8 in ILK-mediated heterophil recruitment during SE infections in young chickens was investigated. Heterophil accumulation was enhanced 2-4 h after the i.p. injection of both ILK and SE (ILK/SE) when compared to the control chicks. An i.p. injection of a rabbit polyclonal anti-human IL-8 antibody significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the accumulation of heterophils in the peritoneum after the injection of ILK/SE. Injections of preimmune rabbit IgG had no effect on peritoneal heterophil numbers. Within 2 h of injection of ILK/SE, a ten-fold increase in heterophil chemotactic activity was found in the peritoneal lavage fluid from these chicks compared to the saline control chicks. Pretreatment, with the anti-IL-8 antibody, of the peritoneal lavage fluids collected from the ILK/SE-treated chicks dramatically reduced this heterophil chemotactic activity. Treatment of the lavage fluids from all groups with preimmune IgG had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. Additionally, pretreatment of ILK with the anti-human IL-8 antibody had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. The results from these experiments suggest that IL-8 is produced locally by the host in response to both the SE infection and the ILK. With these studies, it was established that IL-8 is a major chemotactic factor produced by the host, which aids in mediating the ILK/SE-induced recruitment of heterophils to the site of SE invasion. 相似文献
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Baudler A Lütkefels E Drommer W Deegen E Ohnesorge B 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,110(4):160-165
Epiglottic augmentation by transendoscopic injection of an implant material was performed on ten clinically healthy horses. In six cases bovine collagen (Zyplast) was used, in the remaining four horses the injection was done with polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE-Paste). The results of the surgery were observed endoscopically and by contrast radiography. Using the radiographs, epiglottic length and thickness were measured. For necropsy and histologic assessment the horses, three and two animals of the two groups, were euthanized at three and 12 weeks after surgery. The data obtained from the measurements at necropsy were correlated with those from the radiographs. The minimal invasive technique was very easy to perform with the bovine collagen while PTFE was less suitable for the transendoscopic injection. The data concerning the epiglottic length as well as its thickness measured on the radiographs correlated well to those obtained from the measurements at necropsy. After injection of collagen as well as PTFE an organisation of the implant was noticed histologically, which increased in accordance with the increasing time after injection. As far as the collagen implant is concerned, there was fibrous granulation tissue accompanied by an inflammatory reaction consisting mainly of lymphocytes and histiocytes. In contrast the injection of PTFE led to the development of a foreign body granuloma. In addition, some cases showed ulcers. Both implant materials led to an increase in epiglottic thickness, so that one can expect an improvement in its stability which could be of benefit to the therapy of epiglottic hypoplasia. But this increase in thickness had its maximum level directly after injection and declined over the period observed. Still, especially in the case of the collagen used here, the development of a fibrous granulation tissue and the immigration of fibroblasts and fibrocytes into the implant indicates that there is a stabilisation to some extent. Bovine collagen was proven to be highly suitable for transendoscopic injection. Although there is report about good clinical results using PTFE via laryngotomy, this material seems to be unsuitable for the transendoscopic technique due to the circumstances that lead to a higher number of complications. 相似文献